UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 1-12718
HEALTH NET, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Delaware | | 95-4288333 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| |
21650 Oxnard Street, Woodland Hills, CA | | 91367 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(818) 676-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ¨ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
x Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of May 1, 2009 was 103,854,164 (excluding 40,143,949 shares held as treasury stock).
HEALTH NET, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
HEALTH NET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | |
Health plan services premiums | | $ | 3,139,251 | | $ | 3,122,988 | |
Government contracts | | | 759,339 | | | 664,449 | |
Net investment income | | | 24,321 | | | 35,371 | |
Administrative services fees and other income | | | 9,892 | | | 13,948 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 3,932,803 | | | 3,836,756 | |
| | | | | | | |
EXPENSES | | | | | | | |
Health plan services (excluding depreciation and amortization) | | | 2,721,779 | | | 2,788,403 | |
Government contracts | | | 725,002 | | | 637,577 | |
General and administrative | | | 354,910 | | | 352,278 | |
Selling | | | 81,410 | | | 86,592 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 16,040 | | | 12,279 | |
Interest | | | 9,567 | | | 10,657 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 3,908,708 | | | 3,887,786 | |
| | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes | | | 24,095 | | | (51,030 | ) |
Income tax provision (benefit) | | | 2,060 | | | (15,350 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 22,035 | | $ | (35,680 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.21 | | $ | (0.33 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | 0.21 | | $ | (0.33 | ) |
Weighted average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 103,766 | | | 109,232 | |
Diluted | | | 104,265 | | | 109,232 | |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
3
HEALTH NET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Current Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 739,824 | | | $ | 668,201 | |
Investments—available for sale (amortized cost: 2009—$1,388,101; 2008—$1,516,316) | | | 1,374,883 | | | | 1,504,658 | |
Premiums receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (2009—$14,135; 2008—$13,567) | | | 417,664 | | | | 307,529 | |
Amounts receivable under government contracts | | | 265,028 | | | | 241,269 | |
Incurred but not reported (IBNR) health care costs receivable under TRICARE North contract | | | 290,835 | | | | 302,022 | |
Other receivables | | | 198,688 | | | | 254,026 | |
Deferred taxes | | | 104,154 | | | | 87,712 | |
Other assets | | | 199,517 | | | | 179,649 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 3,590,593 | | | | 3,545,066 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 178,248 | | | | 202,356 | |
Goodwill | | | 751,949 | | | | 751,949 | |
Other intangible assets, net | | | 86,935 | | | | 91,289 | |
Deferred taxes | | | 55,549 | | | | 81,771 | |
Other noncurrent assets | | | 141,344 | | | | 143,919 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 4,804,618 | | | $ | 4,816,350 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Reserves for claims and other settlements | | $ | 1,328,709 | | | $ | 1,338,149 | |
Health care and other costs payable under government contracts | | | 71,486 | | | | 69,876 | |
IBNR health care costs payable under TRICARE North contract | | | 290,835 | | | | 302,022 | |
Unearned premiums | | | 209,019 | | | | 180,548 | |
Borrowings under amortizing financing facility | | | 133,519 | | | | 27,335 | |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | | | 317,862 | | | | 294,840 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 2,351,430 | | | | 2,212,770 | |
Senior notes payable | | | 398,327 | | | | 398,276 | |
Borrowings under amortizing financing facility | | | — | | | | 103,992 | |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | | | 100,000 | | | | 150,000 | |
Other noncurrent liabilities | | | 179,944 | | | | 199,186 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | | 3,029,701 | | | | 3,064,224 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding) | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock ($0.001 par value, 350,000 shares authorized; issued 2009—143,997 shares; 2008—143,753 shares) | | | 144 | | | | 144 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,185,153 | | | | 1,182,067 | |
Treasury common stock, at cost (2009—40,143 shares of common stock; 2008—40,045 shares of common stock) | | | (1,368,825 | ) | | | (1,367,319 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 1,966,135 | | | | 1,944,100 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (7,690 | ) | | | (6,866 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | | | 1,774,917 | | | | 1,752,126 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | $ | 4,804,618 | | | $ | 4,816,350 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
HEALTH NET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | | Common Stock Held in Treasury | | | Retained Earnings | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | | | Total | |
| | Shares | | Amount | | | Shares | | | Amount | | | | |
Balance as of January 1, 2008 | | 143,477 | | $ | 144 | | $ | 1,151,251 | | | (33,178 | ) | | $ | (1,123,750 | ) | | $ | 1,849,097 | | | $ | (1,160 | ) | | $ | 1,875,582 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (35,680 | ) | | | | | | | (35,680 | ) |
Change in unrealized loss on investments, net of tax impact of $1,111 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,683 | | | | 1,683 | |
Defined benefit pension plans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prior service cost and net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 74 | | | | 74 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (33,923 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units | | 202 | | | | | | 5,604 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,604 | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | 6,667 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,667 | |
Tax benefit related to equity compensation plans | | | | | | | | 1,022 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,022 | |
Repurchases of common stock and accelerated stock repurchase settlement | | | | | | | | | | | (3,210 | ) | | | (143,375 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (143,375 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of March 31, 2008 | | 143,679 | | $ | 144 | | $ | 1,164,544 | | | (36,388 | ) | | $ | (1,267,125 | ) | | $ | 1,813,417 | | | $ | 597 | | | $ | 1,711,577 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of January 1, 2009 | | 143,753 | | $ | 144 | | $ | 1,182,067 | | | (40,045 | ) | | $ | (1,367,319 | ) | | $ | 1,944,100 | | | $ | (6,866 | ) | | $ | 1,752,126 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 22,035 | | | | | | | | 22,035 | |
Change in unrealized loss on investments, net of tax impact of $645 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (915 | ) | | | (915 | ) |
Defined benefit pension plans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prior service cost and net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 91 | | | | 91 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 21,211 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units | | 244 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | 5,838 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,838 | |
Net tax detriment related to equity compensation plans | | | | | | | | (2,752 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,752 | ) |
Repurchases of common stock and accelerated stock repurchase settlement | | | | | | | | | | | (98 | ) | | | (1,506 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (1,506 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of March 31, 2009 | | 143,997 | | $ | 144 | | $ | 1,185,153 | | | (40,143 | ) | | $ | (1,368,825 | ) | | $ | 1,966,135 | | | $ | (7,690 | ) | | $ | 1,774,917 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
HEALTH NET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 22,035 | | | $ | (35,680 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Amortization and depreciation | | | 16,040 | | | | 12,279 | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | 5,838 | | | | 6,667 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 10,424 | | | | (26,862 | ) |
Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation | | | — | | | | (774 | ) |
Asset and investment impairment charges | | | 11,893 | | | | 3,400 | |
Other changes | | | (2,719 | ) | | | (5,116 | ) |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | | | |
Premiums receivable and unearned premiums | | | (81,664 | ) | | | (64,281 | ) |
Other current assets, receivables and noncurrent assets | | | 44,979 | | | | (16,665 | ) |
Amounts receivable/payable under government contracts | | | (22,149 | ) | | | (71,770 | ) |
Reserves for claims and other settlements | | | (9,440 | ) | | | 130,298 | |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | | | (1,062 | ) | | | (48,829 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (5,825 | ) | | | (117,333 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Sales of investments | | | 331,926 | | | | 341,197 | |
Maturities of investments | | | 55,038 | | | | 46,820 | |
Purchases of investments | | | (257,567 | ) | | | (377,638 | ) |
Sales of property and equipment | | | 3,835 | | | | 4 | |
Purchases of property and equipment | | | (4,782 | ) | | | (14,765 | ) |
Sales (purchases) of restricted investments and other | | | 504 | | | | 11,150 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | | 128,954 | | | | 6,768 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases | | | — | | | | 5,559 | |
Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation | | | — | | | | 774 | |
Repurchases of common stock | | | (1,506 | ) | | | (142,978 | ) |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | | | — | | | | 100,000 | |
Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility | | | (50,000 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (51,506 | ) | | | (36,645 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 71,623 | | | | (147,210 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | 668,201 | | | | 1,007,017 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 739,824 | | | $ | 859,807 | |
| | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOWS DISCLOSURE: | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 55 | | | $ | 552 | |
Income taxes paid | | | 4,783 | | | | 42,477 | |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
HEALTH NET, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Health Net, Inc. (referred to herein as Health Net, the Company, we, us or our) prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements following the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules and regulations, certain notes or other financial information that are normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the annual audited financial statements. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (Form 10-K).
We are responsible for the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are considered necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position and operating results in accordance with GAAP. In accordance with GAAP, we make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be indicative of those for the full year.
Certain items presented in the operating cash flow section of the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2008 have been reclassified within the operating cash flow section. This reclassification had no impact on our operating cash flows, net earnings or balance sheets as previously reported.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders’ equity (except those arising from transactions with stockholders) and includes net income, net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), after tax, on investments available-for-sale and prior service cost and net loss related to our defined benefit pension plan.
Our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Investments: | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses on investments available for sale as of January 1 | | $ | (7.3 | ) | | $ | (0.1 | ) |
Net change in unrealized gains on investments available for sale | | | 5.2 | | | | 3.3 | |
Reclassification of unrealized gains to earnings | | | (6.1 | ) | | | (1.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on investments available for sale as of March 31 | | | (8.2 | ) | | | 1.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Defined benefit pension plans: | | | | | | | | |
Prior service cost and net loss amortization as of January 1 | | | 0.4 | | | | (1.1 | ) |
Net change in prior service cost and net loss amortization | | | 0.1 | | | | 0.1 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Prior service cost and net loss amortization as of March 31 | | | 0.5 | | | | (1.0 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | | $ | (7.7 | ) | | $ | 0.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
7
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and reflects net income divided by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents (this reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options were exercised and restricted stock units (RSUs) and restricted shares were vested) outstanding during the periods presented.
Common stock equivalents arising from dilutive stock options, restricted common stock and RSUs are computed using the treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, these amounted to 499,000, which included 448,000 common stock equivalents from dilutive RSUs. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, 1,962,000 shares of common stock equivalents, including 322,000 RSUs and restricted common stock equivalents, were excluded from the computation of loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect.
Options to purchase an aggregate of 5,762,000 shares of common stock were considered anti-dilutive during the three months ended March 31, 2009, and were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common stock for each respective period. Outstanding options expire at various times through March 2019.
We have a $700 million stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. The remaining authorization under our stock repurchase program as of March 31, 2009 was $103.3 million (see Note 6). On November 4, 2008, we announced that our stock repurchase program is on hold as a consequence of the uncertain financial environment and the announcement by Health Net’s Board of Directors that Jay Gellert, our President and Chief Executive Officer, will be undertaking a review of the Company’s strategic direction.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | Health Plan Services | | Total |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Balance as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 | | $ | 752.0 | | $ | 752.0 |
| | | | | | |
The intangible assets that continue to be subject to amortization using the straight-line method over their estimated lives are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Net Balance | | Weighted Average Life (in years) |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
As of March 31, 2009: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provider networks | | $ | 40.5 | | $ | (30.4 | ) | | $ | 10.1 | | 19.4 |
Employer groups | | | 76.8 | | | (21.3 | ) | | | 55.5 | | 6.5 |
Customer relationships and other | | | 29.5 | | | (8.4 | ) | | | 21.1 | | 11.1 |
Trade name | | | 3.2 | | | (3.2 | ) | | | — | | 1.5 |
Covenant not-to-compete | | | 2.2 | | | (2.0 | ) | | | 0.2 | | 2.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 152.2 | | $ | (65.3 | ) | | $ | 86.9 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provider networks | | $ | 40.5 | | $ | (30.1 | ) | | $ | 10.4 | | 19.4 |
Employer groups | | | 76.8 | | | (18.3 | ) | | | 58.5 | | 6.5 |
Customer relationships and other | | | 29.5 | | | (7.6 | ) | | | 21.9 | | 11.1 |
Trade name | | | 3.2 | | | (3.2 | ) | | | — | | 1.5 |
Covenant not-to-compete | | | 2.2 | | | (1.7 | ) | | | 0.5 | | 2.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 152.2 | | $ | (60.9 | ) | | $ | 91.3 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
8
We performed our annual impairment test on our goodwill and other intangible assets as of June 30, 2008 for our health plan services reporting unit and also re-evaluated the useful lives of our other intangible assets. No goodwill impairment was identified in our health plan services reporting unit. We also determined that the estimated useful lives of our other intangible assets properly reflected the current estimated useful lives.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we recorded higher than expected health care costs and lowered our earnings guidance. The reduction in guidance was primarily driven by lower than expected commercial enrollment, higher than expected commercial health care cost trends, and the volatile economic environment. As a result of this revised outlook combined with a decline in our market capitalization, we updated our annual impairment test on our goodwill asset as of September 30, 2008 and as of December 31, 2008, both of which indicated that there was no impairment.
Estimated annual pretax amortization expense for other intangible assets for the current year and each of the next four years ending December 31 are as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | |
Year | | Amount |
2009 | | $ | 16.3 |
2010 | | | 15.8 |
2011 | | | 15.5 |
2012 | | | 15.4 |
2013 | | | 14.0 |
Restricted Assets
We and our consolidated subsidiaries are required to set aside certain funds which may only be used for certain purposes pursuant to state regulatory requirements. We have discretion as to whether we invest such funds in cash and cash equivalents or other investments. As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, our restricted cash and cash equivalents balances totaled $71.9 million and $63.5 million, respectively, and are included in other noncurrent assets. Investment securities held by trustees or agencies were $48.7 million and $55.3 million as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and are included in investments available-for-sale.
In connection with our purchase of The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America’s interest in the HealthCare Solutions business in 2007, we established escrowed funds to secure the payment of projected run-out claims for the purchased block of business. As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, this restricted cash balance amounted to $4.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively, and is included in other noncurrent assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Interest Rate Swap Contracts
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) SFAS No. 161,Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities-an amendment of SFAS No. 133. This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. We adopted SFAS No. 161 as of January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 161 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. Some of those risks can be managed by using derivative instruments. We enter into interest rate swaps from time to time to help manage interest rate risk associated with our variable rate borrowings. On December 19, 2007, we entered into a five-year, $175 million amortizing financing facility with a non-U.S. lender (see Note 7). In connection with the financing facility, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement (2007 Swap) under which we pay an amount equal to LIBOR times a notional principal amount and receive in return an amount equal to 4.294% times the
9
same notional principal amount. The 2007 Swap does not qualify for hedge accounting. Accordingly, the 2007 Swap is reflected at fair value of $8.7 million and included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet with an offset to net investment income in our consolidated statement of operations of $0.5 million which reflects the change in value during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
On March 12, 2009, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement (2009 Swap) under which we pay an amount equal to 2.245% times a notional principal amount and in return we receive an amount equal to LIBOR times the same notional principal amount. The 2009 Swap is designed to reduce variability in our net income due to changes in variable interest rates. The 2009 Swap does not qualify for hedge accounting. Accordingly, the 2009 Swap is reflected at a fair value of $(1.2) million and included in other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet with an offset to net investment income in our consolidated statement of operations of $(1.3) million which reflects the change in value during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
CMS Risk Factor Adjustments
We have an arrangement with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for certain of our Medicare products whereby periodic changes in our risk factor adjustment scores for certain diagnostic codes result in changes to our health plan services premium revenues. We recognize such changes when the amounts become determinable, supportable and collectibility is reasonably assured.
We recognized $55.0 million of Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services premium revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2009. Of this amount, $6.5 million was for the 2008 payment year. We also recognized $15.0 million of capitation expense related to the Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services costs for the three months ended March 31, 2009. Of this amount, $3.3 million was for the 2008 payment year.
We recognized $40.9 million of Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services premium revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Of this amount, $4.4 million was for 2007 and prior payment years. We also recognized $12.6 million of capitation expense related to the Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services costs for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Of this amount, $4.0 million was for 2007 and prior payment years.
TRICARE Contract Target Costs
Our TRICARE contract for the North Region includes a target cost and price for reimbursed health care costs which is negotiated annually during the term of the contract with underruns and overruns of our target cost borne 80% by the government and 20% by us. In the normal course of contracting with the federal government, we recognize changes in our estimate for the target cost underruns and overruns when the amounts become determinable, supportable and the collectibility is reasonably assured. As a result of changes in our estimate during the three months ended March 31, 2009, we recognized an increase in revenues of $6.6 million and an increase in costs of $8.2 million. As a result of changes in our estimate during the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recognized a decrease in revenues of $4.1 million and a decrease in costs of $5.5 million. The administrative price is paid on a monthly basis, one month in arrears, and certain components of the administrative price are subject to volume-based adjustments.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 107-1 and ARB 28-1,Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments. This FSP amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 107,Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements. This FSP requires providing qualitative and
10
quantitative information about fair value estimates for all those financial instruments not measured on the balance sheet at fair value. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 107-1 and ARB 28-1 to have a material impact on our financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2,Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments. This FSP amends the other-than-temporary guidance for debt securities by requiring an entity to evaluate whether it has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, the entity must recognize an other-than-temporary impairment. The amount of total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss shall be recognized in earnings if it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost. Additional disclosures are required for interim and annual periods about securities in unrealized loss positions for which an other-than-temporary impairment has or has not been recognized. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4,Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity of the Assets or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly. This FSP provides additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157,Fair Value Measurements, when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased. This FSP also includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. This FSP particularly relates to Level 2 and Level 3 estimates. It establishes a two-step process to determine whether a market is not active and a transaction is not distressed. If an entity determines that the market is not active for the particular asset or liability, it must use a valuation technique that does not use the quoted price without significant judgment. Revisions resulting from a change in the valuation technique or its application shall be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate. This FSP also requires additional disclosures for interim and annual periods, and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 to have a material impact on our financial statements or require a change in accounting estimate.
3. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We operate within two reportable segments: Health Plan Services and Government Contracts. Our Health Plan Services reportable segment includes the operations of our commercial, Medicare (including Part D) and Medicaid health plans, the operations of our health and life insurance companies and our behavioral health and pharmaceutical services subsidiaries. Our Government Contracts reportable segment includes government-sponsored managed care plans through the TRICARE program and other health care-related government contracts. Our Government Contracts segment administers one large, multi-year managed health care government contract and other health care-related government contracts.
We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on segment pretax income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K, except that intersegment transactions are not eliminated. We include investment income, administrative services fees and other income and expenses associated with our corporate shared services and other costs in determining our Health Plan Services segment’s pretax income to reflect the fact that these revenues and expenses are primarily used to support our Health Plan Services reportable segment.
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Our segment information is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Health Plan Services | | | Government Contracts | | Eliminations | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues from external sources | | $ | 3,139.3 | | | $ | 759.3 | | — | | | $ | 3,898.6 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | (7.2 | ) | | | — | | 7.2 | | | | — | |
Segment pretax income | | | (10.2 | ) | | | 34.3 | | — | | | | 24.1 | |
| | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues from external sources | | $ | 3,123.0 | | | $ | 664.5 | | — | | | $ | 3,787.5 | |
Intersegment revenues | | | 15.3 | | | | — | | (15.3 | ) | | | — | |
Segment pretax income | | | (77.9 | ) | | | 26.9 | | — | | | | (51.0 | ) |
Our health plan services premium revenue by line of business is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2009 | | 2008 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Commercial premium revenue | | $ | 1,924.5 | | $ | 1,971.6 |
Medicare Risk premium revenue | | | 934.4 | | | 892.6 |
Medicaid premium revenue | | | 280.4 | | | 258.8 |
| | | | | | |
Total Health Plan Services premiums | | $ | 3,139.3 | | $ | 3,123.0 |
| | | | | | |
4. INVESTMENTS
Investments classified as available-for-sale, which consist primarily of debt securities, are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported as other comprehensive income, net of income tax effects. The cost of investments sold is determined in accordance with the specific identification method, and realized gains and losses are included in net investment income. We periodically assess our available-for-sale investments for other-than-temporary impairment. Any such other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized as a realized loss and measured as the excess of amortized cost over fair value at the time the assessment is made.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized a $14.6 million loss from other-than-temporary impairments of our cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments. Such other-than-temporary impairments primarily were as a result of investments in corporate debt from Lehman Brothers, money market funds from The Reserve Primary Institutional Fund (The Reserve) and preferred stock from Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). In September 2008, The Reserve announced its intention to liquidate all of its money market funds and froze all redemptions until an orderly liquidation process could be implemented. As a result, we reclassified $372 million in estimated net asset value we had invested in The Reserve money market funds from cash equivalents to investments available for sale as of September 30, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we held $50.4 million in The Reserve Primary Institutional Fund and $69.2 million in The Reserve U.S. Government Fund. On January 16, 2009, The Reserve paid out in full the balance in the U.S. Government Fund. As of March 31, 2009, we held $33.3 million in the Primary Institutional Fund. The Reserve redeemed $11.6 million of the March balance on April 17, 2009, and has stated that it expects to distribute the remaining amounts by the end of 2009.
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As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value of our available-for-sale investments after giving effect to other-than-temporary impairments were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 |
| | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Carrying Value |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 527.8 | | $ | 10.2 | | $ | (18.7 | ) | | $ | 519.3 |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 45.7 | | | 0.2 | | | — | | | | 45.9 |
Obligations of states and other political subdivisions | | | 482.4 | | | 8.1 | | | (6.1 | ) | | | 484.4 |
Corporate debt securities | | | 332.0 | | | 3.6 | | | (10.5 | ) | | | 325.1 |
Other securities | | | 0.2 | | | — | | | — | | | | 0.2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,388.1 | | $ | 22.1 | | $ | (35.3 | ) | | $ | 1,374.9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2008 |
| | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Carrying Value |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 527.4 | | $ | 9.8 | | $ | (17.2 | ) | | $ | 520.0 |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 69.5 | | | 0.5 | | | — | | | | 70.0 |
Obligations of states and other political subdivisions | | | 577.9 | | | 7.3 | | | (9.8 | ) | | | 575.4 |
Corporate debt securities | | | 341.1 | | | 3.4 | | | (5.8 | ) | | | 338.7 |
Other securities | | | 0.4 | | | 0.2 | | | — | | | | 0.6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,516.3 | | $ | 21.2 | | $ | (32.8 | ) | | $ | 1,504.7 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table shows our investments’ fair values and gross unrealized losses for individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position through March 31, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 Months | | | 12 Months or More | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 40.4 | | $ | (9.1 | ) | | $ | 55.5 | | $ | (9.6 | ) | | $ | 95.9 | | $ | (18.7 | ) |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 5.9 | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | 5.9 | | | — | |
Obligation of states and other political subdivisions | | | 94.9 | | | (1.9 | ) | | | 61.6 | | | (4.2 | ) | | | 156.5 | | | (6.1 | ) |
Corporate debt securities | | | 94.8 | | | (6.9 | ) | | | 29.1 | | | (3.6 | ) | | | 123.9 | | | (10.5 | ) |
Other securities | | | 0.1 | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | 0.1 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 236.1 | | $ | (17.9 | ) | | $ | 146.2 | | $ | (17.4 | ) | | $ | 382.3 | | $ | (35.3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table shows the number of our individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position at March 31, 2009:
| | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | | Total |
Asset-backed securities | | 29 | | 19 | | 48 |
U.S. government and agencies | | 3 | | — | | 3 |
Obligation of states and other political subdivisions | | 32 | | 27 | | 59 |
Corporate debt securities | | 51 | | 15 | | 66 |
Other securities | | 1 | | — | | 1 |
| | | | | | |
| | 116 | | 61 | | 177 |
| | | | | | |
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The following table shows our investments’ fair values and gross unrealized losses for individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position through December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 Months | | | 12 Months or More | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 91.4 | | $ | (10.7 | ) | | $ | 40.7 | | $ | (6.5 | ) | | $ | 132.1 | | $ | (17.2 | ) |
Obligation of states and other political subdivisions | | | 141.4 | | | (4.9 | ) | | | 52.3 | | | (4.9 | ) | | | 193.7 | | | (9.8 | ) |
Corporate debt securities | | | 111.0 | | | (4.7 | ) | | | 16.0 | | | (1.1 | ) | | | 127.0 | | | (5.8 | ) |
Other securities | | | 0.4 | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | | 0.4 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 344.2 | | $ | (20.3 | ) | | $ | 109.0 | | $ | (12.5 | ) | | $ | 453.2 | | $ | (32.8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The above referenced investments are interest-yielding debt securities of varying maturities. The unrealized loss position for these securities is due to market volatility. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of fixed income securities would be expected to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of fixed income securities would be expected to increase. However, these securities may be negatively impacted by illiquidity in the market.
The investments listed above have an average rating of “AA” and “Aa1” as rated by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and/or Moody’s Investors Services, Inc., respectively. At this time, there is no indication of default on interest and/or principal payments. We have the ability and current intent to hold to recovery all securities with an unrealized loss position.
5. SALE OF EQUIPMENT
In connection with our information technology (IT) infrastructure outsourcing, on February 15, 2009 we sold a significant portion of our data center equipment to International Business Machines Corporation, our third-party vendor for IT infrastructure management services, for $3.8 million resulting in a pretax loss of $9.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2009.
6. STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM
We have a $700 million stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. Subject to Board approval, additional amounts are added to the repurchase program from time to time based on exercise proceeds and tax benefits the Company receives from employee stock options. The remaining authorization under our stock repurchase program as of March 31, 2009 was $103.3 million. As of March 31, 2009, we had repurchased a cumulative aggregate of 36,623,347 shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program at an average price of $34.40 per share for aggregate consideration of $1,259.8 million (which amount includes exercise proceeds and tax benefits the Company had received from the exercise of employee stock options). We used net free cash available to fund the share repurchases.
On November 4, 2008, we announced that our stock repurchase program is on hold as a consequence of the uncertain financial environment and the announcement by Health Net’s Board of Directors that Jay Gellert, our President and Chief Executive Officer, will be undertaking a review of the Company’s strategic direction. We did not repurchase shares during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
7. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Amortizing Financing Facility
On December 19, 2007, we entered into a five-year, non-interest bearing, $175 million amortizing financing facility with a non-U.S. lender, and on April 29, 2008, and November 10, 2008, we entered into amendments to
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the financing facility, which were administrative in nature. On March 9, 2009, we amended certain terms of the documentation relating to the financing facility to, among other things, (i) eliminate the requirement that we maintain certain minimum public debt ratings throughout the term of the financing facility and (ii) provide that the financing facility may be terminated at any time at the option of one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries or the non-U.S. lender.
As amended, the financing facility requires one of our subsidiaries to pay semi-annual distributions, in the amount of $17.5 million, to a participant in the financing facility. Unless terminated earlier, the final payment under the facility is scheduled to be made on December 19, 2012.
The financing facility includes limitations (subject to specified exclusions) on certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to incur debt; create liens; engage in certain mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; engage in transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements which will restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any shares of capital stock or the ability to make or repay loans or advances; make dividends; and alter the character of the business we and our subsidiaries conducted on the closing date of the financing facility. In addition, the financing facility also requires that we maintain a specified consolidated leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio throughout the term of the financing facility. As of March 31, 2009, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the financing facility.
The financing facility provides that it may be terminated through a series of put and call transactions (1) at the option of one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries or the non-U.S. lender at any time, or (2) upon the occurrence of certain defined early termination events. These early termination events, include, but are not limited to:
| • | | nonpayment of certain amounts due by us or certain of our subsidiaries under the financing facility (if not cured within the related time period set forth therein); |
| • | | a change of control (as defined in the financing facility); |
| • | | cross-acceleration and cross-default to other indebtedness of the Company in excess of $50 million, including our revolving credit facility; |
| • | | certain ERISA-related events; |
| • | | noncompliance by the Company with any material term or provision of the HMO Regulations or Insurance Regulations (as each such term is defined in the financing facility); |
| • | | events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company; |
| • | | undischarged, uninsured judgments in the amount of $50 million or more against the Company; or |
| • | | certain changes in law that could adversely affect a participant in the financing facility. |
In addition, in connection with the financing facility, we guaranteed the payment of the semi-annual distributions and any other amounts payable by one of our subsidiaries to the financing facility participants under certain circumstances. Also in connection with the financing facility, we entered into the 2007 Swap with a non-U.S. bank affiliated with one of the financing facility participants (see Note 2).
As of March 31, 2009, all of our $133.5 million amortizing financing facility payables were classified as a current liability. As of December 31, 2008, our current and noncurrent amortizing financing facility payables were $27.3 million and $104.0 million, respectively.
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Senior Notes
On May 18, 2007, we issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2017. On May 31, 2007, we issued an additional $100 million of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2017 which were consolidated with, and constitute the same series as, the Senior Notes issued on May 18, 2007 (collectively, Senior Notes). The aggregate net proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes were $393.5 million and were used to repay outstanding debt.
The indenture governing the Senior Notes limits our ability to incur certain liens, or consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. In the event of the occurrence of both (1) a change of control of Health Net, Inc. and (2) a below investment grade rating by any two of Fitch, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services within a specified period, we will be required to make an offer to purchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. As of March 31, 2009, no default or event of default had occurred under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, prior to maturity at our option, at a redemption price equal to the greater of:
| • | | 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes then outstanding to be redeemed; or |
| • | | the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the Senior Notes to be redeemed (not including any portion of such payments of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semiannual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the applicable treasury rate plus 30 basis points |
plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount being redeemed to the redemption date.
Each of the following will be an Event of Default under the indenture governing the Senior Notes:
| • | | failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable; provided that an extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of the Senior Notes shall not constitute a failure to pay interest; |
| • | | failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any note when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; |
| • | | failure to perform any other covenant or agreement in the notes or indenture for a period of 60 days after notice that performance was required; |
| • | | (A) our failure or the failure of any of our subsidiaries to pay indebtedness for money we borrowed or any of our subsidiaries borrowed in an aggregate principal amount of at least $50,000,000, at the later of final maturity and the expiration of any related applicable grace period and such defaulted payment shall not have been made, waived or extended within 30 days after notice or (B) acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness for money we borrowed or any of our subsidiaries borrowed in an aggregate principal amount of at least $50,000,000, if that acceleration results from a default under the instrument giving rise to or securing such indebtedness for money borrowed and such indebtedness has not been discharged in full or such acceleration has not been rescinded or annulled within 30 days after notice; or |
| • | | events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our Company. |
Our Senior Notes payable balance was $398.3 million as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
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Revolving Credit Facility
On June 25, 2007, we entered into a $900 million five-year revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender, and L/C Issuer, and the other lenders party thereto. We entered into an amendment to the credit facility on April 29, 2008, which was administrative in nature. As of March 31, 2009, $100.0 million was outstanding under our revolving credit facility and the maximum amount available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility was $477.6 million (see “—Letters of Credit” below).
Amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at (a) the base rate, which is a rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) the federal funds rate plus one-half of one percent and (ii) Bank of America’s prime rate (as such term is defined in the facility), (b) a competitive bid rate solicited from the syndicate of banks, or (c) the British Bankers Association LIBOR rate (as such term is defined in the facility), plus an applicable margin, which is initially 70 basis points per annum and is subject to adjustment according to our credit ratings, as specified in the facility.
Our revolving credit facility includes, among other customary terms and conditions, limitations (subject to specified exclusions) on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur debt; create liens; engage in certain mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; sell or transfer assets; enter into agreements which restrict the ability to pay dividends or make or repay loans or advances; make investments, loans, and advances; engage in transactions with affiliates; and make dividends. In addition, we are required to maintain a specified consolidated leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio throughout the term of the revolving credit facility.
Our revolving credit facility contains customary events of default, including nonpayment of principal or other amounts when due; breach of covenants; inaccuracy of representations and warranties; cross-default and/or cross-acceleration to other indebtedness of the Company or our subsidiaries in excess of $50 million; certain ERISA-related events; noncompliance by us or any of our subsidiaries with any material term or provision of the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Regulations or Insurance Regulations (as each such term is defined in the facility); certain voluntary and involuntary bankruptcy events; inability to pay debts; undischarged, uninsured judgments greater than $50 million against us and/or our subsidiaries; actual or asserted invalidity of any loan document; and a change of control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing under the revolving credit facility, the lenders thereunder may, among other things, terminate their obligations under the facility and require us to repay all amounts owed thereunder.
Letters of Credit
We can obtain letters of credit in an aggregate amount of $400 million under our revolving credit facility. The maximum amount available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility is reduced by the dollar amount of any outstanding letters of credit. As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had outstanding letters of credit for $322.4 million and $322.9 million, respectively, resulting in the maximum amount available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility of $477.6 million and $427.1 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, no amounts have been drawn on any of these letters of credit.
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,Fair Value Measurements, which we adopted on January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but it defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with existing GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value and the level of market price observability.
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Investments measured and reported at fair value using Level inputs, as defined by SFAS No. 157, are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
Level 1—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. The type of investments included in Level I include U.S. treasury securities and listed equities. As required by SFAS No. 157, we do not adjust the quoted price for these investments, even in situations where we hold a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.
Level 2—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. Investments that are generally included in this category include asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and loans, municipal bonds, auction rate securities and interest rate swap asset.
Level 3—Pricing inputs are unobservable for the investment and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.
The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2009, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by us to determine such fair value.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments—available for sale | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | — | | $ | 519.3 | | $ | — | | $ | 519.3 |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 34.8 | | | 11.1 | | | — | | | 45.9 |
Obligations of states and other political subdivisions | | | — | | | 474.1 | | | 10.2 | | | 484.3 |
Corporate debt securities | | | — | | | 325.2 | | | — | | | 325.2 |
Other securities | | | 0.2 | | | — | | | — | | | 0.2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 35.0 | | $ | 1,329.7 | | $ | 10.2 | | $ | 1,374.9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap asset | | | — | | | 8.7 | | | — | | | 8.7 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets at fair value | | $ | 35.0 | | $ | 1,338.4 | | $ | 10.2 | | $ | 1,383.6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The changes in the balances of Level 3 financial assets for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | |
Beginning balance at January 1, 2009 | | $ | 10.2 |
Total gains and losses | | | |
Realized in net income | | | — |
Unrealized in accumulated other comprehensive income | | | — |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements | | | — |
Transfers into Level 3 | | | — |
| | | |
Ending balance at March 31, 2009 | | $ | 10.2 |
| | | |
Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to assets still held | | $ | — |
During the three months ended March 31, 2009, certain auction rate securities experienced “failed” auctions. As a result, these securities’ fair values were determined to be equal to their par values due to the short time periods between coupon resets and the issuers’ credit worthiness.
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9. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Litigation Related to the Sale of Businesses
AmCareco Litigation
We are a defendant in two related litigation matters pending in Louisiana and Texas state courts, both of which relate to claims asserted by three separate state receivers overseeing the liquidation of three health plans in Louisiana, Texas and Oklahoma that were previously owned by our former subsidiary, Foundation Health Corporation (FHC), which merged into Health Net, Inc. in January 2001. In 1999, FHC sold its interest in these plans to AmCareco, Inc. (AmCareco). We retained a minority interest in the three plans after the sale. Thereafter, the three plans became known as AmCare of Louisiana (AmCare-LA), AmCare of Oklahoma (AmCare-OK) and AmCare of Texas (AmCare-TX). In 2002, three years after the sale of the plans to AmCareco, each of the AmCare plans was placed under state oversight and ultimately into receivership. The receivers for each of the AmCare plans filed suit against us contending that, among other things, we were responsible as a “controlling shareholder” of AmCareco following the sale of the plans for post-acquisition misconduct by AmCareco and others that caused the three health plans to fail and ultimately be placed into receivership.
On June 16, 2005, a consolidated trial of the claims asserted against us by the three receivers commenced in state court in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The claims of the receiver for AmCare-TX were tried before a jury and the claims of the receivers for the AmCare-LA and AmCare-OK were tried before the judge in the same proceeding. On June 30, 2005, the jury considering the claims of the receiver for AmCare-TX returned a verdict against us in the amount of $117.4 million, consisting of $52.4 million in compensatory damages and $65 million in punitive damages. The Court later reduced the compensatory and punitive damages awards to $36.7 million and $45.5 million, respectively, and entered judgments against us in those amounts.
The proceedings regarding the claims of the receivers for AmCare-LA and AmCare-OK concluded on July 8, 2005. On November 4, 2005, the Court issued separate judgments on those claims that awarded $9.5 million in compensatory damages to AmCare-LA and $17 million in compensatory damages to AmCare-OK, respectively. The Court later denied requests by AmCare-LA and AmCare-OK for attorneys’ fees and punitive damages. We thereafter appealed both judgments, and the receivers for AmCare-LA and AmCare-OK each appealed the orders denying them attorneys’ fees and punitive damages.
On December 30, 2008, the Court of Appeal issued its judgment on each of the appeals. It reversed in their entirety the trial court’s judgments in favor of the AmCare-TX and AmCare-OK receivers, and entered judgment in our favor against those receivers, finding that the receivers’ claims failed as a matter of law. As a result, those receivers’ cross appeals were rendered moot. The Court of Appeal also reversed the trial court judgment in favor of the AmCare-LA receiver, with the exception of a single breach of contract claim, on which it entered judgment in favor of the AmCare-LA receiver in the amount of $2 million. On January 14, 2009, the three receivers filed a request for rehearing by the Court of Appeal. On February 13, 2009, the Court of Appeal denied the request for a rehearing. Following the Court of Appeal’s denial of the requests for rehearing, each of the receivers filed applications for a writ with the Louisiana Supreme Court, which remain pending.
In light of the original trial court judgments against us, on November 3, 2006, we filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana and simultaneously filed an identical suit in the 19th Judicial District Court in East Baton Rouge Parish seeking to nullify the three judgments that were rendered against us on the grounds of ill practice which resulted in the judgments entered. We have alleged that the judgments and other prejudicial rulings rendered in these cases were the result of impermissible ex parté contacts between the receivers, their counsel and the trial court during the course of the litigation. Preliminary motions and exceptions have been filed by the receivers for AmCare-TX, AmCare-OK and AmCare-LA seeking dismissal of our claim for nullification on various grounds. The federal judge dismissed Health Net’s federal complaint and Health Net appealed to the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. On July 8, 2008, the Fifth Circuit issued an opinion affirming the district court’s dismissal of the federal complaint, albeit on different legal
19
grounds from those relied upon by the district court. The state court nullity action has been stayed pending the resolution of Health Net’s jurisdictional appeal in the federal action and has remained stayed during the pendency of the appeal of the underlying judgments.
These proceedings are subject to many uncertainties, and, given their complexity and scope, their outcome, including the outcome of any appeal, cannot be predicted at this time. It is possible that in a particular quarter or annual period our results of operations, cash flow and/or liquidity could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of these proceedings depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. However, at this time, management believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Litigation Relating to Rescission of Policies
In recent years, there has been growing public attention, especially in California, to the practices of health plans and health insurers involving the rescission of members’ policies for misrepresenting their health status on applications for coverage. On October 23, 2007, the California Department of Managed Health Care (DMHC) and the California Department of Insurance (DOI) announced their intention to issue joint regulations limiting the rights of health plans and insurers to rescind coverage. The DMHC has issued draft proposed regulations but has not formally promulgated any regulations to date. The DOI has not issued any proposed regulations. In addition, effective January 1, 2008, newly enacted legislation in California requires health plans and insurers to pay health care providers who, under certain circumstances, have rendered services to members whose policies are subsequently rescinded. The issue of rescissions has also attracted increasing media attention, and both the DMHC and the DOI have been conducting surveys of the rescission practices of health plans, including ours. Other government agencies, including the Attorney General of California, are investigating, or have indicated that they may be interested in investigating, rescissions and related activities.
On October 16, 2007, the DMHC initiated a survey of Health Net of California’s activities regarding the rescission of policies for the period January 1, 2004 through June 30, 2006. Following completion of the survey, on May 15, 2008, Health Net of California entered into a settlement agreement with the DMHC. The settlement agreement requires Health Net of California to (1) pay a $300,000 administrative fine, (2) offer future coverage to all 85 HMO enrollees who had coverage rescinded from January 1, 2004 through May 15, 2008, (3) offer those enrollees an opportunity to participate in an expedited review process where the enrollee could seek to resolve claims for out-of-pocket medical expenses and other damages incurred as a result of the rescission, and (4) file a corrective action plan for various internal procedural changes by June 30, 2008. Health Net of California filed the corrective action plan by the due date and has commenced implementation of the corrective action plan. Failure to substantially implement the actions set forth in the corrective action plan will subject Health Net of California to a potential penalty of up to $3 million.
On April 7, 2008, the DOI commenced an audit of Health Net Life Insurance Company’s rescission practices and related claims settlement practices for the period January 1, 2004 through February 29, 2008. On September 12, 2008, Health Net Life entered into a settlement agreement with the DOI, which resolves all DOI matters regarding Health Net Life’s rescission practices from January 2004 to date. Under the settlement agreement, Health Net Life paid a $3.6 million penalty and agreed to certain corrective actions, including offering future coverage to all 926 rescinded PPO insureds and offering an opportunity to participate in an expedited review process that allows former insureds to seek to resolve their claims for damages incurred as a result of their rescission. On October 7, 2008, Health Net Life filed a corrective action proposal for various procedure changes. Failure to substantially comply with the settlement agreement subjects Health Net Life to a potential additional monetary penalty of up to $3.6 million.
We are also party to arbitrations and litigation, including a putative class action lawsuit filed in April 2008 in Los Angeles Superior Court, in which rescinded members allege that we unlawfully rescinded their coverage. The lawsuits generally seek to recover the cost of medical services that were not paid for as a result of the
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rescission, and in some cases they also seek damages for emotional distress, attorney fees and punitive damages. On February 20, 2008, the Los Angeles City Attorney filed a complaint against Health Net in the Los Angeles Superior Court relating to our underwriting practices and rescission of certain individual policies. The complaint sought equitable relief and civil penalties for, among other things, alleged false advertising, violations of unfair competition laws and violations of the California Penal Code. On February 10, 2009, we entered into settlement agreements that resolved both the putative class action and the Los Angeles City Attorney’s lawsuit. Those settlement agreements were amended pursuant to stipulation on March 23, 2009. Under the terms of the settlement agreements, we agreed to pay a total of $6.65 million to class members (individuals rescinded between February 20, 2004 and February 10, 2009), in accordance with an agreed upon distribution formula. The class action settlement agreement also provides that we will reimburse class members for certain out-of-pocket expenses related to covered medical services that occurred between the time of their original enrollment and the date of their rescission, and we will also hold them harmless for certain unpaid bills for such services. Under the agreement, our reimbursement and hold harmless obligations are capped at a total of $3 million in the aggregate. We will also pay attorney fees of approximately $2 million. Under the terms of the two agreements, we also agreed that we would not engage in any rescissions in California until January 31, 2010, unless legislation or regulations governing the process for rescissions is enacted, or we implement a third party independent review process that is not objected to by the DMHC or the DOI. The agreement with the City Attorney also provides that we will pay a $1.865 million civil penalty, as well as contribute $500,000 ascy pres payments to specified non-profit organizations that support childrens’ healthcare. We also agreed as part of the settlements to offer coverage to class members on a going forward basis without medical underwriting, similar to the offer we agreed to make as part of our settlements with the DMHC and DOI. On February 11, 2009, the court gave preliminary approval of the settlements and scheduled a final approval hearing for May 26, 2009. Class members have been given notice of the settlement, and an opportunity to opt out of the agreement, or to file objections to the settlement, which will be considered by the court at the final approval hearing. All of the settlement amounts have been fully accrued for as of December 31, 2008.
We cannot predict the outcome of the anticipated regulatory proposals described above, nor the extent to which we may be affected by the enactment of those or other regulatory or legislative activities relating to rescissions. Such legislation or regulation, including measures that would cause us to change our current manner of operation or increase our exposure to liability, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to compete in our industry. Similarly, given the complexity and scope of rescission lawsuits, their final outcome cannot be predicted with any certainty. It is possible that in a particular quarter or annual period our results of operations could be adversely affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of these cases.
Proceedings Relating to Claims Payment Practices
On March 13, 2008, we entered into a final settlement agreement with the plaintiffs in theMcCoy,Wachtel andScharfman lawsuits, which were nationwide class actions principally relating to our out-of-network claims payment practices. We are currently in the process of implementing the terms of the settlement agreement. We were also the subject of a regulatory investigation conducted by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (DOBI) related principally to the timeliness and accuracy of our claims payment practices for services rendered by out-of-network providers in New Jersey. On August 26, 2008, we entered into a consent order with DOBI and agreed to remediate certain claims and pay a $13 million fine. We completed the remediation of the claims as of August 1, 2008. In the third quarter of 2007, we recorded a $296.8 million charge relating to the settlement of theMcCoy,Wachtel andScharfman cases, including the $13 million fine arising from the consent order with DOBI.
On February 13, 2008, the New York Attorney General (NYAG) announced that his office was conducting an industry-wide investigation into the manner in which health insurers calculate “usual, customary and reasonable” charges for purposes of reimbursing members for out-of-network medical services. The NYAG’s office issued subpoenas to 16 health insurance companies, including us, in connection with this investigation. As
21
described by the NYAG in a press conference on February 13, 2008, the threatened claims appear to be similar in part to those asserted by the plaintiffs in theMcCoy, Wachtel andScharfman cases described above. We are in the process of responding to the subpoena and are cooperating with the NYAG as appropriate in his investigation. On January 13, 2009, the NYAG announced that, as a result of his investigation, his office had entered into a settlement agreement with UnitedHealth Group, Inc. (United), which owns and operates Ingenix, the company that supplied the database used by many health insurers, including us, to determine certain out-of-network reimbursements. Under the terms of the settlement, United will discontinue its ownership and operation of those databases, and will pay $50 million towards creation of a new database to be owned and operated by a non-profit organization in New York. Since the announcement of the agreement with United, the NYAG has reached agreements with some other health plans, under which they agreed to make payments towards the creation of the database and, in some instances, agree to utilize the database if certain conditions are satisfied. At the time of the announcement of the settlement, the NYAG indicated his intent to continue his investigation with respect to other health insurers. In the meantime, the Connecticut Attorney General has also been investigating health plans’ reimbursement of out-of-network services. On March 28, 2008, we received a request for voluntary production from the Connecticut Attorney General that sought information similar to that subpoenaed by the NYAG. We are in the process of responding to the request and are cooperating with the Connecticut Attorney General as appropriate in his investigation.
Miscellaneous Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our business operations, we are also subject to periodic reviews by various regulatory agencies with respect to our compliance with a wide variety of rules and regulations applicable to our business, including, without limitation, rules relating to pre-authorization penalties, payment of out-of-network claims and timely review of grievances and appeals, which may result in remediation of certain claims and the assessment of regulatory fines or penalties.
In addition, in the ordinary course of our business operations, we are also party to various other legal proceedings, including, without limitation, litigation arising out of our general business activities, such as contract disputes, employment litigation, wage and hour claims, real estate and intellectual property claims, claims brought by members seeking coverage or additional reimbursement for services allegedly rendered to our members, but which allegedly were either denied, underpaid or not paid, and claims arising out of the acquisition or divestiture of various business units or other assets. We are also subject to claims relating to the performance of contractual obligations to providers, members, employer groups and others, including the alleged failure to properly pay claims and challenges to the manner in which we process claims. In addition, we are subject to claims relating to the insurance industry in general, such as claims relating to reinsurance agreements and rescission of coverage and other types of insurance coverage obligations.
These other regulatory and legal proceedings are subject to many uncertainties, and, given their complexity and scope, their final outcome cannot be predicted at this time. It is possible that in a particular quarter or annual period our results of operations and cash flow could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of any or all of these other regulatory and legal proceedings depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. However, at this time, management believes that the ultimate outcome of all of these other regulatory and legal proceedings that are pending, after consideration of applicable reserves and potentially available insurance coverage benefits, should not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.
Potential Settlements
We regularly evaluate litigation matters pending against us, including those described above, to determine if settlement of such matters would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The costs associated with any such settlement could be substantial and, in certain cases, could result in a significant earnings charge in any particular quarter in which we enter into a settlement agreement. We have recorded
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reserves and accrued costs for future legal costs for certain significant matters described above. These reserves and accrued costs represent our best estimate of probable loss, including related future legal costs for such matters, both known and incurred but not reported, although our recorded amounts might ultimately be inadequate to cover such costs. Therefore, the costs associated with the various litigation matters to which we are subject and any earnings charge recorded in connection with a settlement agreement could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
The following discussion and other portions of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, regarding our business, financial condition and results of operations. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of complying with these safe-harbor provisions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical information provided or incorporated by reference herein may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “estimate” and “intend” and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Managed health care companies operate in a highly competitive, constantly changing environment that is significantly influenced by, among other things, aggressive marketing and pricing practices of competitors and regulatory oversight. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K and the risks discussed in our other filings from time to time with the SEC.
Any or all forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q and in any other public filings or statements we make may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many of the factors discussed in our filings with the SEC will be important in determining future results. These factors should be considered in conjunction with any discussion of operations or results by us or our representatives, including any forward-looking discussion, as well as comments contained in press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors or other communications by us. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date thereof. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, together with the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, should be read in their entirety since they contain detailed information that is important to understanding Health Net, Inc. and its subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial condition.
OVERVIEW
General
We are an integrated managed care organization that delivers managed health care services through health plans and government sponsored managed care plans. We are among the nation’s largest publicly traded managed health care companies. Our mission is to help people be healthy, secure and comfortable. We provide health benefits to approximately 6.6 million individuals across the country through group, individual, Medicare (including the Medicare prescription drug benefit commonly referred to as “Part D”), Medicaid, TRICARE and Veterans Affairs programs. Our behavioral health services subsidiary, MHN, provides behavioral health, substance abuse and employee assistance programs to approximately 6.7 million individuals, including our own health plan members. Our subsidiaries also offer managed health care products related to prescription drugs, and offer managed health care product coordination for multi-region employers and administrative services for medical groups and self-funded benefits programs.
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Summary of Key Financial Results
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2009 increased to $22.0 million from net loss of $(35.7) million for the same period in 2008. Our diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were $0.21 compared with a loss per share of $(0.33) for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Our pretax margin was 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009, compared with (1.3)% for the same period in 2008. Our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2009 included a $44.8 million pretax charge. The charge consists of $46.9 million for expenses related to our operations strategy reduced by $2.2 million benefit from a litigation reserve true-up. Our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 included $82.4 million of pretax charges related to operations strategy and litigation and regulatory-related matters. Also included in the operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 is $94 million of unfavorable prior period reserve development and higher than expected health care costs.
Our total health plan enrollment decreased to 3,577,000 members at March 31, 2009 from 3,865,000 members at March 31, 2008, primarily due to a 10% decrease in our commercial health plans membership and a 14% decrease in our Medicare Part D membership. Our TRICARE membership increased to 3,004,000 beneficiaries at March 31, 2009 from 2,895,000 beneficiaries at March 31, 2008.
Total revenues increased by $96.0 million, or 3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. Health plan services premium revenues increased 1% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The health plan services medical care ratio (MCR) was 86.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to 89.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Our Government contracts revenues increased 14% to $759.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 from $664.5 million for the same period in 2008.
Our cash flows used in operations decreased to $(5.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 from $(117.3) million for the same period in 2008 primarily due to the $160 million settlement payment made in connection with theMcCoy, Wachtel and Scharfman lawsuits in the three months ended March 31, 2008. See “Legal Proceedings—Proceedings Related to Claims Payment Practices” for a discussion of theMcCoy, Wachtel and Scharfman lawsuits.
How We Report Our Results
We currently operate within two reportable segments, Health Plan Services and Government Contracts, each of which is described below.
Our Health Plan Services reportable segment includes the operations of our commercial, Medicare (including Part D) and Medicaid health plans, the operations of our health and life insurance companies, and our behavioral health and pharmaceutical services subsidiaries. We have approximately 3.6 million members, including Medicare Part D members and administrative services only (ASO) members in our Health Plan Services segment.
Our Government Contracts segment includes our government-sponsored managed care federal contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (the Department of Defense) under the TRICARE program in the North Region and other health care related government contracts. Under the TRICARE contract for the North Region, we provide health care services to approximately 3.0 million Military Health System (MHS) eligible beneficiaries (active duty personnel and TRICARE/Medicare dual eligible beneficiaries), including 1.8 million TRICARE eligibles for whom we provide health care and administrative services and 1.2 million other MHS-eligible beneficiaries for whom we provide ASO. We also provide behavioral health services to military families under the Department of Defense Military Family Life Counseling contract.
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How We Measure Our Profitability
Our profitability depends in large part on our ability to, among other things, effectively price our health care products; manage health care costs, including reserve estimates and pharmacy costs; contract with health care providers; attract and retain members; and manage our general and administrative (G&A) and selling expenses. In addition, factors such as regulation, competition and general economic conditions affect our operations and profitability. The effect of escalating health care costs, as well as any changes in our ability to negotiate competitive rates with our providers, may impose further risks to our ability to profitably underwrite our business, and may have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We measure our Health Plan Services segment profitability based on medical care ratio (MCR) and pretax income. The MCR is calculated as health plan services expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) divided by health plan services premiums. The pretax income is calculated as health plan services premiums and administrative services fees and other income less health plan services expense and G&A and other net expenses. See “—Results of Operations—Table of Summary Financial Information” for a calculation of our MCR and “—Results of Operations—Health Plan Services Segment Results” for a calculation of our pretax income.
Health plan services premiums include health maintenance organization (HMO), point of service (POS) and preferred provider organization (PPO) premiums from employer groups and individuals and from Medicare recipients who have purchased supplemental benefit coverage (which premiums are based on a predetermined prepaid fee), Medicaid revenues based on multi-year contracts to provide care to Medicaid recipients, and revenue under Medicare risk contracts, including Medicare Part D, to provide care to enrolled Medicare recipients. Medicare revenue can also include amounts for risk factor adjustments and additional premiums that we charge in some places to members who purchase our Medicare risk plans (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements). The amount of premiums we earn in a given year is driven by the rates we charge and enrollment levels. Administrative services fees and other income primarily include revenue for administrative services such as claims processing, customer service, medical management, provider network access and other administrative services. Health plan services expense includes medical and related costs for health services provided to our members, including physician services, hospital and related professional services, outpatient care, and pharmacy benefit costs. These expenses are impacted by unit costs and utilization rates. Unit costs represent the health care cost per visit, and the utilization rates represent the volume of health care consumption by our members.
G&A expenses include those costs related to employees and benefits, consulting and professional fees, marketing, premium taxes and assessments, occupancy costs and litigation and regulatory-related costs. Such costs are driven by membership levels, introduction of new products, system consolidations, outsourcing activities and compliance requirements for changing regulations. These expenses also include expenses associated with corporate shared services and other costs to reflect the fact that such expenses are incurred primarily to support the Health Plan Services segment. Selling expenses consist of external broker commission expenses and generally vary with premium volume.
We measure our Government Contracts segment profitability based on government contracts cost ratio and pretax income. The government contracts cost ratio is calculated as government contracts cost divided by government contracts revenue. The pretax income is calculated as government contracts revenue less government contracts cost. See “—Results of Operations—Table of Summary Financial Information” for a calculation of our government contracts cost ratio and “—Results of Operations—Government Contracts Segment Results” for a calculation of our pretax income.
Government Contracts revenue is made up of two major components: health care and administrative services. The health care component includes revenue recorded for health care costs for the provision of services to our members, including paid claims and estimated incurred but not reported claims (IBNR) expenses for which we are at risk, and underwriting fees earned for providing the health care and assuming underwriting risk in the delivery of
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care. The administrative services component encompasses fees received for all other services provided to both the government customer and to beneficiaries, including services such as medical management, claims processing, enrollment, customer services and other services unique to the managed care support contract with the government. Government Contracts revenue and expenses include the impact from underruns and overruns relative to our target cost under the applicable contracts (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements).
Recent Developments
Private-Fee-For-Service Exit
During the first quarter of 2009, we decided that we will no longer offer Medicare Advantage Private-Fee-For-Service products for the 2010 plan year. As a result, beginning April 1, 2009, we ceased marketing these products in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, Virginia and Washington. We will, however, continue to service members throughout the remainder of the 2009 contract year.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Table of Summary Financial Information
The table below and the discussion that follows summarize our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands, except per share and PMPM data) | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | |
Health plan services premiums | | $ | 3,139,251 | | | $ | 3,122,988 | |
Government contracts | | | 759,339 | | | | 664,449 | |
Net investment income | | | 24,321 | | | | 35,371 | |
Administrative services fees and other income | | | 9,892 | | | | 13,948 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 3,932,803 | | | | 3,836,756 | |
| | | | | | | | |
EXPENSES | | | | | | | | |
Health plan services (excluding depreciation and amortization) | | | 2,721,779 | | | | 2,788,403 | |
Government contracts | | | 725,002 | | | | 637,577 | |
General and administrative | | | 354,910 | | | | 352,278 | |
Selling | | | 81,410 | | | | 86,592 | |
Depreciation | | | 11,828 | | | | 7,558 | |
Amortization | | | 4,212 | | | | 4,721 | |
Interest | | | 9,567 | | | | 10,657 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 3,908,708 | | | | 3,887,786 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes | | | 24,095 | | | | (51,030 | ) |
Income tax provision (benefit) | | | 2,060 | | | | (15,350 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 22,035 | | | $ | (35,680 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.21 | | | $ | (0.33 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | 0.21 | | | $ | (0.33 | ) |
Pretax margin | | | 0.6 | % | | | (1.3 | )% |
Health plan services medical care ratio (MCR) (a) | | | 86.7 | % | | | 89.3 | % |
Government contracts cost ratio (b) | | | 95.5 | % | | | 96.0 | % |
G&A expense ratio (c) | | | 11.3 | % | | | 11.2 | % |
Selling costs ratio (d) | | | 2.6 | % | | | 2.8 | % |
Health plan services premiums per member per month (PMPM) (e) | | $ | 295.91 | | | $ | 277.17 | |
Health plan services costs PMPM (e) | | $ | 256.56 | | | $ | 247.48 | |
(a) | MCR is calculated as health plan services cost divided by health plan services premiums revenue. |
(b) | Government contracts cost ratio is calculated as government contracts cost divided by government contracts revenue. |
(c) | The G&A expense ratio is computed as G&A expenses divided by the sum of health plan services premiums and administrative services fees and other income. |
(d) | The selling costs ratio is computed as selling expenses divided by health plan services premiums revenue. |
(e) | PMPM is calculated based on total at-risk member months and excludes ASO member months. |
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Consolidated Segment Results
The following table summarizes the operating results of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Pretax income (loss): | | | | | | | | |
Health plan services segment | | $ | (10.2 | ) | | $ | (77.9 | ) |
Government contracts segment | | | 34.3 | | | | 26.9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 24.1 | | | $ | (51.0 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Health Plan Services Segment Membership
The following table below summarizes our health plan membership information by program and by state at March 31, 2009 and 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Commercial | | ASO | | Medicare | | Medicaid | | Health Plan Total |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
| | (Membership in thousands) |
Arizona | | 112 | | 139 | | — | | — | | 65 | | 62 | | — | | — | | 177 | | 201 |
California | | 1,313 | | 1,452 | | 2 | | 5 | | 132 | | 123 | | 793 | | 720 | | 2,240 | | 2,300 |
Connecticut | | 118 | | 152 | | 26 | | 26 | | 52 | | 54 | | — | | 65 | | 196 | | 297 |
New Jersey | | 75 | | 83 | | 3 | | 16 | | — | | — | | 49 | | 44 | | 127 | | 143 |
New York | | 213 | | 218 | | 7 | | 11 | | 3 | | 6 | | — | | — | | 223 | | 235 |
Oregon | | 135 | | 136 | | — | | — | | 23 | | 22 | | — | | — | | 158 | | 158 |
Other states | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 7 | | 9 | | — | | — | | 7 | | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1,966 | | 2,180 | | 38 | | 58 | | 282 | | 276 | | 842 | | 829 | | 3,128 | | 3,343 |
Medicare Part D | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 449 | | 522 | | — | | — | | 449 | | 522 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 1,966 | | 2,180 | | 38 | | 58 | | 731 | | 798 | | 842 | | 829 | | 3,577 | | 3,865 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our total health plan membership decreased by 288,000, or 7%, from March 31, 2008 to March 31, 2009. The decrease in membership was primarily driven by a decline of 214,000 commercial members, 73,000 Medicare Part D members and 20,000 ASO members, partially offset by the addition of 13,000 Medicaid members and 6,000 Medicare Advantage members.
Membership in our commercial health plans decreased by 214,000 members, or 10%, at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily attributable to our California plan, which experienced a decline of 139,000 commercial members, and Northeast plans, which experienced a loss of 47,000 commercial members, mostly in the large group. Our ASO enrollment declined by 20,000 members, or 34%, at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008 primarily due to membership losses in our Northeast plans. Declines in our commercial membership are driven by the current economic environment.
Membership in our Medicare Advantage program increased by 6,000 members, or 2%, at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008 due to membership growth primarily in California of 9,000 members and Arizona of 3,000 members, partially offset by a decline of 5,000 members in the Northeast plans. Our Medicare Part D membership decreased by 73,000 members, or 14%, at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008.
We participate in state Medicaid programs in California and New Jersey. California membership, where the program is known as Medi-Cal, represented 94% of our Medicaid membership at March 31, 2009. Membership
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in our Medicaid programs increased by 13,000 members at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008 due to a gain of 73,000 members in California as a result of higher enrollment in Fresno and Los Angeles counties and in the Healthy Families program and a gain of 5,000 members in New Jersey, partially offset by our withdrawal from the Connecticut Medicaid Program. We provided administrative services only to Connecticut Medicaid members during the first quarter of 2008 and completed our exit from the Connecticut Medicaid programs as of April 1, 2008.
Health Plan Services Segment Results
The following table summarizes the operating results for our health plan services segment for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except PMPM data) | |
Health plan services segment: | | | | | | | | |
Commercial premium revenue | | $ | 1,924.5 | | | $ | 1,971.6 | |
Medicare premium revenue | | | 934.4 | | | | 892.6 | |
Medicaid premium revenue | | | 280.4 | | | | 258.8 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Health plan services premium revenues | | $ | 3,139.3 | | | $ | 3,123.0 | |
Health plan services costs | | | (2,721.8 | ) | | | (2,788.4 | ) |
Net investment income | | | 24.3 | | | | 35.4 | |
Administrative services fees and other income | | | 9.9 | | | | 13.9 | |
G&A | | | (354.9 | ) | | | (352.3 | ) |
Selling | | | (81.4 | ) | | | (86.6 | ) |
Amortization and depreciation | | | (16.0 | ) | | | (12.2 | ) |
Interest | | | (9.6 | ) | | | (10.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Pretax loss | | $ | (10.2 | ) | | $ | (77.9 | ) |
MCR: | | | 86.7 | % | | | 89.3 | % |
Commercial | | | 85.1 | % | | | 88.5 | % |
Medicare | | | 89.8 | % | | | 92.4 | % |
Medicaid | | | 87.0 | % | | | 84.7 | % |
Health plan services premium PMPM | | $ | 295.91 | | | $ | 277.17 | |
Health plan services costs PMPM | | $ | 256.56 | | | $ | 247.48 | |
G&A expense ratio | | | 11.3 | % | | | 11.2 | % |
Selling costs ratio | | | 2.6 | % | | | 2.8 | % |
Health Plan Services Premiums
Total health plan services premiums increased by $16.3 million, or 1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. On a PMPM basis, premiums increased by 7% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008.
Commercial premium revenues decreased by $47.1 million, or 2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. This decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease in our commercial risk membership. The commercial premium PMPM increased by 9% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008.
Medicare premiums increased by $41.8 million, or 5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. These increases were primarily attributable to a premium rate increases,
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partially offset by Medicare Part D membership declines. In addition, we recognized $55.0 million and $40.9 million of Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services premium revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Medicaid premiums increased by $21.6 million, or 8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. These increases were primarily attributable to an increase in our Medicaid membership.
Health Plan Services Costs
Health plan services costs decreased by $66.6 million, or 2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. Health plan MCR was 86.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to 89.3% for the same period in 2008. On a PMPM basis, health care costs increased by 4% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008.
Our commercial MCR for the three months ended March 31, 2009 decreased to 85.1% from 88.5% for the same period in 2008. Our commercial MCR for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was impacted by negative prior period reserve development of $40.0 million and a $43.2 million charge recorded in health care costs for litigation charges. The increase in the commercial health care cost trend on a PMPM basis was 5% for the three months ended March 31, 2009, over the same period in 2008. On a PMPM basis, physician and hospital costs rose 5% and 9%, respectively, and pharmacy costs rose 8% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 over the same period in 2008.
Our Medicare MCR, including Medicare Advantage and Part D, decreased to 89.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2009, from 92.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2008. These decreases were primarily due to the increase in the premium yield outpacing the increase in the health care cost trend. Medicare Advantage health care cost PMPM increased by 6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. Medicare Part D health care cost PMPM decreased by 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. We also recognized $15.0 million and $12.6 million of capitation expense related to the Medicare risk factor estimates in our health plan services costs in the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Our Medicaid MCR increased to 87.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 from 84.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, primarily due to the increase in the health care cost trend outpacing the increase in the premium yield. Medicaid health care cost PMPM increased by 2% in the three months ended March 31, 2009 over the same period in 2008.
Administrative Services Fees and Other Income
Administrative services fees and other income decreased by $4.0 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The decrease is primarily due to a $7.2 million decline in ASO fees primarily due to membership losses in our Northeast plans, partially offset by a $3.4 million estimated loss on sale related to a small, non-core subsidiary recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income decreased by $11.1 million, or 31%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. This decrease was primarily due to lower investment yields.
General, Administrative and Other Costs
G&A expense increased by $2.6 million, or 1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The increase in G&A costs was primarily due to our operations strategy-related charge
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of $46.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to $35.8 million litigation and operations strategy-related charges recorded in the same period of 2008. Our G&A expense ratio increased to 11.3% from 11.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008.
The selling costs ratio decreased to 2.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 from 2.8% for the same period in 2008 and was primarily driven by lower sales commissions for our Medicare products. These changes are consistent with changes in our membership mix between large group and small and individual group members, and the growth of our Medicaid business.
Amortization and depreciation expense increased by $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The increases were primarily due to the addition of new assets placed in production related to various information technology system projects partially offset by a reduction in amortization for the intangible assets due to assets becoming fully amortized.
Interest expense decreased by $1.1 million, or 10%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The decrease was primarily due to lower interest rates and benefits realized from our interest rate swaps.
Government Contracts Segment Membership
Under our TRICARE contract for the North Region, we provided health care services to approximately 3.0 million eligible beneficiaries in the Military Health System (MHS) as of March 31, 2009, and approximately 2.9 million eligible beneficiaries as of March 31, 2008. Included in the 3.0 million eligibles as of March 31, 2009 were 1.8 million TRICARE eligibles for whom we provide health care and administrative services and 1.2 million other MHS-eligible beneficiaries for whom we provide administrative services only. As of March 31, 2009 and 2008, there were approximately 1.5 million and 1.4 million, respectively, TRICARE eligibles enrolled in TRICARE Prime under our North Region contract.
In addition to the 3.0 million eligible beneficiaries that we service under the TRICARE contract for the North Region, we administer contracts with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to manage community based outpatient clinics in 9 states covering approximately 24,000 enrollees.
Government Contracts Segment Results
The following table summarizes the operating results for the Government Contracts segment for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Government Contracts segment: | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 759.3 | | | $ | 664.5 | |
Costs | | | 725.0 | | | | 637.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Pretax income | | $ | 34.3 | | | $ | 26.9 | |
Government Contracts Ratio | | | 95.5 | % | | | 96.0 | % |
Government contracts revenues increased by $94.8 million, or 14%, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. Government contracts costs increased by $87.4 million or 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The increases were primarily due to an increase in health care services provided under a new option year in the TRICARE contract, Option Period 5, and growth in the family counseling business with the Department of Defense.
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Our TRICARE contract for the North Region includes a target cost and price for reimbursed health care costs, which is negotiated annually during the term of the contract with underruns and overruns of our target cost borne 80% by the government and 20% by us. In the normal course of contracting with the federal government, we recognize changes in our estimate for the target cost underruns and overruns when the amounts become determinable, supportable, and the collectibility is reasonably assured. As a result of changes in the estimate during the three months ended March 31, 2009, we recognized an increase in revenues of $6.6 million compared to a decrease in revenues of $4.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2008. As a result of changes in the estimate during the three months ended March 31, 2009, we recognized an increase in costs of $8.2 million compared to a decrease in costs of $5.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2008. The administrative price is paid on a monthly basis, one month in arrears and certain components of the administrative price are subject to volume-based adjustments.
The Government contracts ratio decreased by 50 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008 primarily due to an increase in health care services provided under a new option year in the TRICARE contract, Option Period 5, which began April 1, 2008, and growth in the family counseling business with the Department of Defense.
Income Tax Provision
Our income tax expense and the effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | $ | 2.1 | | | $ | (15.4 | ) |
Effective income tax rate | | | 8.5 | % | | | 30.1 | % |
The effective income tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 35% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 due primarily to state income taxes, tax-exempt investment income, and a favorable outcome of an examination settlement. The effective income tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 35% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 due primarily to state income taxes, tax-exempt investment income, and favorable outcome related to the prior year nondeductible class action lawsuit expenses.
The effective income tax rate decreased from 2008 to 2009 primarily due to the favorable outcome of an examination settlement.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Market and Economic Conditions
The recent market disruptions and global economic downturn have been unprecedented in recent history and challenging with increased unemployment, diminished business and consumer confidence, and increased volatility in both U.S. and international capital and credit markets. Concern about the stability of the markets generally and the strength of counterparties specifically has caused many lenders and institutional investors to reduce, and in some cases, cease to provide funding to borrowers. If current levels of economic deterioration and market volatility continue or worsen, the cost and availability of credit may continue to be adversely affected. While we have not experienced a reduction in the capital and funding available to us at this time, continued turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economies may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. If these market conditions continue, they may limit our ability to timely replace maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs, which could adversely affect our financial condition and
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results of operations. Furthermore, if our customer base experiences cash flow problems and other financial difficulties, it could, in turn, adversely impact membership in our plans. For example, our customers may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products, may reduce the number of individuals to whom they provide coverage, or may make changes in the mix or products purchased from us. In addition, if our customers experience financial issues, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable that are owed to us. Further, our customers or potential customers may force us to compete more vigorously on factors such as price and service to retain or obtain their business. A significant decline in membership in our plans and the inability of current and/or potential customers to pay their premiums as a result of unfavorable conditions may adversely affect our business, including our revenues, profitability and cash flow.
Cash and Investments
As of March 31, 2009, we valued investment securities available for sale at $1.4 billion. We hold high-quality corporate bonds, mortgage-backed bonds and municipals bonds. We evaluate and determine the classification of our investments based on management’s intent; currently, we have classified our investments as available-for-sale. We also closely monitor the fair values of our investment holdings and regularly evaluate them for any other-than-temporary impairments.
Our cash flow from investing activities is primarily impacted by the sales, maturities and purchases of our available-for-sale investment securities and restricted investments. Our investment objective is to maintain safety and preservation of principal by investing in a diversified mix of high-quality, investment grade securities while maintaining liquidity in each portfolio sufficient to meet our cash flow requirements and attaining the highest total return on invested funds. We do not own any investments that have direct subprime mortgage exposure.
Our investment portfolio includes $519.3 million, or 37.8% of our portfolio holdings, of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. The majority of our mortgage-backed securities are Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae issues, and the average rating of our asset-backed securities is AA+/Aa1. However, any failure by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac to honor the obligations under the securities they have issued or guaranteed could cause a significant decline in the value or cash flow of our mortgage-backed securities. Our investment portfolio also includes $10.2 million, or 0.7% of our portfolio holdings, of auction rate securities (ARS). These ARS have long-term nominal maturities for which the interest rates are reset through a dutch auction process every 7, 28 or 35 days. At March 31, 2009, these ARS had at one point or are continuing to experience “failed” auctions. These securities are entirely municipal issues and rates are set at the maximum allowable rate as stipulated in the applicable bond indentures. We continue to receive income on all ARS. If all or any portion of the ARS continue to experience failed auctions, it could take an extended amount of time for us to realize our investments’ recorded value.
We had gross unrealized losses of $35.3 million as of March 31, 2009, and $32.8 million as of December 31, 2008. While we believe that these impairments are temporary and that we have the intent and ability to hold such securities until maturity or recovery, given the current market conditions and the significant judgments involved, there is a continuing risk that further declines in fair value may occur and additional material other-than-temporary impairments may be recorded in future periods.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized a $14.6 million loss from other-than-temporary impairments of our cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments. Such other-than-temporary impairments primarily were as a result of investments in corporate debt from Lehman Brothers, money market funds from The Reserve and preferred stock from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In September 2008, The Reserve announced its intention to liquidate all of its money market funds and froze all redemptions until an orderly liquidation process could be implemented. As a result, we reclassified $372 million in estimated net asset value we had invested in The Reserve money market funds from cash equivalents to investments available for sale as of September 30, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we held $50.4 million in the Reserve Primary Institutional Fund and $69.2 million in the Reserve U.S. Government Fund. On January 16, 2009, The Reserve paid out in full the
34
balance in the U.S. Government Fund. As of March 31, 2009, we held $33.3 million in the Primary Institutional Fund. The Reserve redeemed $11.6 million of the March balance on April 17, 2009, and has stated that it expects to distribute the remaining amounts by the end of 2009.
Liquidity
We believe that cash flow from operating activities, existing working capital, lines of credit and cash reserves are adequate to allow us to fund existing obligations, repurchase shares under our stock repurchase program, introduce new products and services, and continue to develop health care-related businesses. We regularly evaluate cash requirements for current operations and commitments, and for capital acquisitions and other strategic transactions. Assuming that we can access the capital markets on acceptable terms, or at all, we may elect to raise additional funds for these purposes, either through issuance of debt or equity, the sale of investment securities or otherwise, as appropriate. Based on the composition and quality of our investment portfolio, our expected ability to liquidate our investment portfolio as needed, and our expected operating and financing cash flows, we do not anticipate any liquidity constraints as a result of the current credit environment. However, continued turbulence in U.S. and international markets could adversely affect our liquidity.
Although all of our $133.5 million amortizing financing facility balance as of March 31, 2009 has been classified as a current liability, the final payment under the facility is scheduled to be made in December 2012, and it is our current expectation to pay down this debt in accordance with the terms.
Our cash flow from operating activities is impacted by, among other things, the timing of collections on our amounts receivable from our TRICARE contract for the North Region. Health care receivables related to TRICARE are best estimates of payments that are ultimately collectible or payable. The timing of collection of such receivables is impacted by government audit and negotiation and can extend for periods beyond a year. Amounts receivable under government contracts were $265.0 million and $241.3 million as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
Our cash flow from operating activities is also impacted by the timing of collections on our amounts receivable from CMS. Our receivable related to our Medicare business was $312.8 million as of March 31, 2009, and $315.5 million as of December 31, 2008, including about $150 million expected to be settled in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Operating Cash Flows
Our net cash flow used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 | | | March 31, 2008 | | | Change 2009 over 2008 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Net cash used in operating activities | | $ | (5.8 | ) | | $ | (117.3 | ) | | $ | 111.5 |
This increase of $111.5 million in operating cash flow is primarily a result of the $160 million settlement payment made in connection with theMcCoy, Wachtel and Scharfman lawsuits in the first quarter of 2008 offset by a $69 million decrease in pharmacy claims payable due to an increase in the frequency of payments in 2009.
Investing Activities
Our net cash flow provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 | | March 31, 2008 | | Change 2009 over 2008 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | $ | 129.0 | | $ | 6.8 | | $ | 122.2 |
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Net cash provided by investing activities increased primarily due to a decrease in cash used for the purchase of investments of $120 million.
Financing Activities
Our net cash flow used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 | | | March 31, 2008 | | | Change 2009 over 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | $ | (51.5 | ) | | $ | (36.6 | ) | | $ | (14.9 | ) |
Net cash used in financing activities increased during the three months ended March 31, 2009, primarily due to a $50 million repayment and a $100 million decrease in borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2009 offset by a $141.5 million reduction in cash used to repurchase common stock as a result of not repurchasing any of our common stock in the first quarter of 2009 under our stock repurchase program.
See “—Capital Structure” below for additional information regarding our stock repurchase program, our Senior Notes and our revolving credit facility.
Capital Structure
Share Repurchases. We have a $700 million stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. Subject to Board approval, additional amounts are added to the repurchase program from time to time based on exercise proceeds and tax benefits the Company receives from the employee stock options. On November 4, 2008, we announced that our stock repurchase program is on hold as a consequence of the uncertain financial environment and the announcement by Health Net’s Board of Directors that Jay Gellert, our President and Chief Executive Officer, will be undertaking a review of the Company’s strategic direction. As a result, we did not repurchase shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2009. As of March 31, 2009, the remaining authorization under our stock repurchase program was $103.3 million and, since its inception, we had repurchased an aggregate of 36,623,347 shares of common stock at an average price of $34.40 for aggregate consideration of approximately $1,259.8 million (which amount includes exercise proceeds and tax benefits the Company had received from the exercise of employee stock options).
Under the Company’s various stock option and long-term incentive plans, employees and non-employee directors may elect for the Company to withhold shares to satisfy minimum statutory federal, state and local tax withholding and/or exercise price obligations, as applicable, arising from the exercise of stock options. For certain other equity awards, the Company has the right to withhold shares to satisfy any tax obligations that may be required to be withheld or paid in connection with such equity award, including any tax obligation arising on the vesting date. These repurchases were not part of our stock repurchase program.
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The following table presents monthly information related to repurchases of our common stock, including shares withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholdings and exercise price obligations as of March 31, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) | | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Average Price Paid | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (b) (c) | | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (c) (d) |
January 1—January 31 | | — | | | | — | | | — | | — | | $ | 103,349,478 |
February 1—February 28 | | 95,183 | (e) | | $ | 15.41 | | $ | 1,466,885 | | — | | $ | 103,349,478 |
March 1—March 31 | | 2,683 | (e) | | | 14.39 | | | 38,614 | | — | | $ | 103,349,478 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 97,866 | (e) | | $ | 15.38 | | $ | 1,505,499 | | — | | | |
(a) | We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2009 outside our publicly announced stock repurchase program, except shares withheld in connection with our various stock option and long-term incentive plans. |
(b) | Our stock repurchase program was announced in April 2002. We announced additional repurchase authorization in August 2003, October 2006 and October 2007. |
(c) | A total of $700 million of our common stock can be repurchased under our stock repurchase program. Additional amounts may be added to the program based on exercise proceeds and tax benefits the Company receives from the exercise of employee stock options, but only upon further approval by the Board of Directors. The remaining authority under our repurchase program includes proceeds received from option exercises and tax benefits the Company received from exercise of employee stock options which have been approved for inclusion in the program by the Board. |
(d) | Our stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date. During the three months ended March 31, 2009, we did not have any repurchase program that expired, and we did not terminate any repurchase program prior to its expiration date. |
(e) | Represents shares withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding and/or exercise price obligations arising from the vesting and/or exercise of restricted stock units, stock options and other equity awards. |
Amortizing Financing Facility. On December 19, 2007, we entered into a five-year, non-interest bearing, $175 million amortizing financing facility with a non-U.S. lender and we entered into amendments to the financing facility on April 29, 2008 and November 10, 2008, which were administrative in nature. On March 9, 2009, we amended certain terms of the documentation relating to the financing facility to, among other things, (i) eliminate the requirement that we maintain certain minimum public debt ratings throughout the term of the financing facility and (ii) provide that the financing facility may be terminated at any time at the option of one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries or the non-U.S. lender. The proceeds from the financing facility were used for general corporate purposes.
As amended, the financing facility requires one of our subsidiaries to pay semi-annual distributions, in the amount of $17.5 million, to a participant in the financing facility. Unless terminated earlier, the final payment under the facility is scheduled to be made on December 19, 2012.
The financing facility includes limitations (subject to specified exclusions) on certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to incur debt; create liens; engage in certain mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; engage in transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements which will restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any shares of capital stock or the ability to make or repay loans or advances; make dividends; and alter the character of the business we and our subsidiaries conducted on the closing date of the financing facility. In addition, the financing facility also requires that we maintain a specified consolidated leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio throughout the term of the financing facility. As of March 31, 2009, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the financing facility.
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The financing facility provides that it may be terminated through a series of put and call transactions (1) at the option of one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries or the non-U.S. lender at any time, or (2) upon the occurrence of certain defined early termination events. These early termination events, include, but are not limited to:
| • | | nonpayment of certain amounts due by us or certain of our subsidiaries under the financing facility (if not cured within the related time period set forth therein); |
| • | | a change of control (as defined in the financing facility); |
| • | | cross-acceleration and cross-default to other indebtedness of the Company in excess of $50 million, including our revolving credit facility; |
| • | | certain ERISA-related events; |
| • | | noncompliance by the Company with any material term or provision of the HMO Regulations or Insurance Regulations (as each such term is defined in the financing facility); |
| • | | events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company; |
| • | | undischarged, uninsured judgments in the amount of $50 million or more against the Company; or |
| • | | certain changes in law that could adversely affect a participant in the financing facility. |
In addition, in connection with the financing facility, we guaranteed the payment of the semi-annual distributions and any other amounts payable by one of our subsidiaries to the financing facility participants under certain circumstances provided under the financing facility. Also in connection with the financing facility, we entered into the 2007 Swap with a non-U.S. bank affiliated with one of the financing facility participants (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements). Under the 2007 Swap agreement, we pay a floating payment in an amount equal to LIBOR times a notional principal amount and receive a fixed payment in an amount equal to 4.294% times the same notional principal amount from the non-U.S. bank counterparty in return in accordance with a schedule set forth in the 2007 Swap agreement.
Senior Notes. On May 18, 2007, we issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2017. On May 31, 2007, we issued an additional $100 million of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2017 which were consolidated with, and constitute the same series as, the Senior Notes issued on May 18, 2007 (collectively, the “Senior Notes”). The aggregate net proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes were $393.5 million and were used to repay outstanding debt.
The indenture governing the Senior Notes limits our ability to incur certain liens, or consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. In the event of the occurrence of both (1) a change of control of Health Net, Inc. and (2) a below investment grade rating by any two of Fitch, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, within a specified period, we will be required to make an offer to purchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. As of March 31, 2009, no default or event of default had occurred under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, prior to maturity at our option, at a redemption price equal to the greater of:
| • | | 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes then outstanding to be redeemed; or |
| • | | the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the Senior Notes to be redeemed (not including any portion of such payments of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semiannual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the applicable treasury rate plus 30 basis points |
plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount being redeemed to the redemption date.
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Each of the following will be an Event of Default under the indenture governing the Senior Notes:
| • | | failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable; provided that an extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of the Senior Notes shall not constitute a failure to pay interest; |
| • | | failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any note when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; |
| • | | failure to perform any other covenant or agreement in the notes or indenture for a period of 60 days after notice that performance was required; |
| • | | (A) our failure or the failure of any of our subsidiaries to pay indebtedness for money we borrowed or any of our subsidiaries borrowed in an aggregate principal amount of at least $50,000,000, at the later of final maturity and the expiration of any related applicable grace period and such defaulted payment shall not have been made, waived or extended within 30 days after notice or (B) acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness for money we borrowed or any of our subsidiaries borrowed in an aggregate principal amount of at least $50,000,000, if that acceleration results from a default under the instrument giving rise to or securing such indebtedness for money borrowed and such indebtedness has not been discharged in full or such acceleration has not been rescinded or annulled within 30 days after notice; or |
| • | | events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our Company. |
Revolving Credit Facility. On June 25, 2007, we entered into a $900 million five-year revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender, and L/C Issuer, and the other lenders party thereto. We entered into an amendment to the credit facility on April 29, 2008, which was administrative in nature. Our revolving credit facility provides for aggregate borrowings in the amount of $900 million, which includes a $400 million sub-limit for the issuance of standby letters of credit and a $50 million sub-limit for swing line loans. In addition, we have the ability from time to time to increase the facility by up to an additional $250 million in the aggregate, subject to the receipt of additional commitments. The revolving credit facility matures on June 25, 2012.
Amounts outstanding under the new revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at (a) the base rate, which is a rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) the federal funds rate plus one-half of one percent and (ii) Bank of America’s prime rate (as such term is defined in the facility), (b) a competitive bid rate solicited from the syndicate of banks, or (c) the British Bankers Association LIBOR rate (as such term is defined in the facility), plus an applicable margin, which is initially 70 basis points per annum and is subject to adjustment according to our credit ratings, as specified in the facility.
Our revolving credit facility includes, among other customary terms and conditions, limitations (subject to specified exclusions) on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur debt; create liens; engage in certain mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; sell or transfer assets; enter into agreements which restrict the ability to pay dividends or make or repay loans or advances; make investments, loans, and advances; engage in transactions with affiliates; and make dividends. In addition, we are required to maintain a specified consolidated leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio throughout the term of the revolving credit facility.
Our revolving credit facility contains customary events of default, including nonpayment of principal or other amounts when due; breach of covenants; inaccuracy of representations and warranties; cross-default and/or cross-acceleration to other indebtedness of the Company or our subsidiaries in excess of $50 million; certain ERISA-related events; noncompliance by us or any of our subsidiaries with any material term or provision of the HMO Regulations or Insurance Regulations (as each such term is defined in the facility); certain voluntary and involuntary bankruptcy events; inability to pay debts; undischarged, uninsured judgments greater than $50 million against us and/or our subsidiaries; actual or asserted invalidity of any loan document; and a change of control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing under the facility, the lenders thereunder may, among other things, terminate their obligations under the facility and require us to repay all amounts owed thereunder.
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As of March 31, 2009, we were in compliance with all covenants under our revolving credit facility.
We can obtain letters of credit in an aggregate amount of $400 million under our revolving credit facility. The maximum amount available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility is reduced by the dollar amount of any outstanding letters of credit. As of March 31, 2009, we had outstanding an aggregate of $322.4 million in letters of credit, none of which had been drawn upon, and outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility of $100 million. As a result, the maximum amount available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility was $477.6 million as of March 31, 2009.
Statutory Capital Requirements
Certain of our subsidiaries must comply with minimum capital and surplus requirements under applicable state laws and regulations, and must have adequate reserves for claims. Management believes that as of March 31, 2009 all of our health plans and insurance subsidiaries met their respective regulatory requirements in all material respects, except Health Net Services (Bermuda) Ltd., which was undercapitalized by approximately $0.6 million. We expect to make a capital contribution to Health Net Services (Bermuda) Ltd. in the second quarter of 2009 such that it will satisfy applicable minimum capital and surplus requirements.
By law, regulation and governmental policy, our health plan and insurance subsidiaries, which we refer to as our regulated subsidiaries, are required to maintain minimum levels of statutory net worth. The minimum statutory net worth requirements differ by state and are generally based on balances established by statute, a percentage of annualized premium revenue, a percentage of annualized health care costs, or risk-based capital (RBC) requirements. The RBC requirements are based on guidelines established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. The RBC formula, which calculates asset risk, underwriting risk, credit risk, business risk and other factors, generates the authorized control level (ACL), which represents the minimum amount of net worth believed to be required to support the regulated entity’s business. For states in which the RBC requirements have been adopted, the regulated entity typically must maintain the greater of the Company Action Level RBC, calculated as 200% of the ACL, or the minimum statutory net worth requirement calculated pursuant to pre-RBC guidelines. Because our regulated subsidiaries are also subject to their state regulators’ overall oversight authority, some of our subsidiaries are required to maintain minimum capital and surplus in excess of the RBC requirement, even though RBC has been adopted in their states of domicile. We generally manage our aggregate regulated subsidiary capital above 300% of ACL, although RBC standards are not yet applicable to all of our regulated subsidiaries. At March 31, 2009, we had sufficient capital to exceed this level.
As necessary, we make contributions to and issue standby letters of credit on behalf of our subsidiaries to meet RBC or other statutory capital requirements under state laws and regulations. During the three months ended March 31, 2009, we made a capital contribution of $3.0 million to one of our subsidiaries to maintain RBC or other statutory capital requirements. Health Net, Inc. did not make any capital contributions to its subsidiaries to meet RBC or other statutory capital requirements under state laws and regulations thereafter through May 1, 2009.
Legislation has been or may be enacted in certain states in which our subsidiaries operate imposing substantially increased minimum capital and/or statutory deposit requirements for HMOs in such states. Such statutory deposits may only be drawn upon under limited circumstances relating to the protection of policyholders.
As a result of the above requirements and other regulatory requirements, certain subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to make dividend payments, loans or other transfers of cash to their parent companies. Such restrictions, unless amended or waived or unless regulatory approval is granted, limit the use of any cash generated by these subsidiaries to pay our obligations. The maximum amount of dividends that can be paid by our insurance company subsidiaries without prior approval of the applicable state insurance departments is subject to restrictions relating to statutory surplus, statutory income and unassigned surplus.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Pursuant to Item 303(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, we identified our known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008 in our Form 10-K. During the three months ended March 31, 2009, there were no significant changes to our contractual obligations as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of March 31, 2009, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
In our Form 10-K, we identified the critical accounting policies which affect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. Those policies include revenue recognition, health plan services, reserves for contingent liabilities, amounts receivable or payable under government contracts, goodwill and recoverability of long-lived assets and investments. We have not changed these policies from those previously disclosed in our Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policy on estimating reserves for claims and other settlements and the quantification of the sensitivity of financial results to reasonably possible changes in the underlying assumptions used in such estimation as of March 31, 2009 is discussed below. There were no other significant changes to the critical accounting estimates as disclosed in our Form 10-K.
Reserves for claims and other settlements include reserves for claims (IBNR and received but unprocessed claims), and other liabilities including capitation payable, shared risk settlements, provider disputes, provider incentives and other reserves for our Health Plan Services reporting segment.
We estimate the amount of our reserves for claims primarily by using standard actuarial developmental methodologies. This method is also known as the chain-ladder or completion factor method. The developmental method estimates reserves for claims based upon the historical lag between the month when services are rendered and the month claims are paid while taking into consideration, among other things, expected medical cost inflation, seasonal patterns, product mix, benefit plan changes and changes in membership. A key component of the developmental method is the completion factor which is a measure of how complete the claims paid to date are relative to the estimate of the claims for services rendered for a given period. While the completion factors are reliable and robust for older service periods, they are more volatile and less reliable for more recent periods since a large portion of health care claims are not submitted to us until several months after services have been rendered. Accordingly, for the most recent months, the incurred claims are estimated from a trend analysis based on per member per month claims trends developed from the experience in preceding months. This method is applied consistently year over year while assumptions may be adjusted to reflect changes in medical cost inflation, seasonal patterns, product mix, benefit plan changes and changes in membership.
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An extensive degree of actuarial judgment is used in this estimation process, considerable variability is inherent in such estimates, and the estimates are highly sensitive to changes in medical claims submission and payment patterns and medical cost trends. As such, the completion factors and the claims per member per month trend factor are the most significant factors used in estimating our reserves for claims. Since a large portion of the reserves for claims is attributed to the most recent months, the estimated reserves for claims are highly sensitive to these factors. The following table illustrates the sensitivity of these factors and the estimated potential impact on our operating results caused by these factors:
| | | |
Completion Factor (a) Percentage-point Increase (Decrease) in Factor | | Health Plan Services (Decrease) Increase in Reserves for Claims |
2% | | $ | (61.8) million |
1% | | $ | (31.4) million |
(1)% | | $ | 32.6 million |
(2)% | | $ | 66.5 million |
| |
Medical Cost Trend (b) Percentage-point Increase (Decrease) in Factor | | Health Plan Services Increase (Decrease) in Reserves for Claims |
2% | | $ | 32.3 million |
1% | | $ | 16.1 million |
(1)% | | $ | (16.1) million |
(2)% | | $ | (32.3) million |
| (a) | Impact due to change in completion factor for the most recent three months. Completion factors indicate how complete claims paid to date are in relation to the estimate of total claims for a given period. Therefore, an increase in the completion factor percent results in a decrease in the remaining estimated reserves for claims. |
| (b) | Impact due to change in annualized medical cost trend used to estimate the per member per month cost for the most recent three months. |
Other relevant factors include exceptional situations that might require judgmental adjustments in setting the reserves for claims, such as system conversions, processing interruptions or changes, environmental changes or other factors. All of these factors are used in estimating reserves for claims and are important to our reserve methodology in trending the claims per member per month for purposes of estimating the reserves for the most recent months. In developing our best estimate of reserves for claims, we consistently apply the principles and methodology described above from year to year, while also giving due consideration to the potential variability of these factors. Because reserves for claims include various actuarially developed estimates, our actual health care services expense may be more or less than our previously developed estimates. Claims processing expenses are also accrued based on an estimate of expenses necessary to process such claims. Such reserves are continually monitored and reviewed, with any adjustments reflected in current operations.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. |
We are exposed to interest rate and market risk primarily due to our investing and borrowing activities. Market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest rates and/or market conditions and in equity prices. Interest rate risk is a consequence of maintaining variable interest rate earning investments and fixed rate liabilities or fixed income investments and variable rate liabilities. We are exposed to interest rate risks arising from changes in the level or volatility of interest rates, prepayment speeds and/or the shape and slope of the yield curve. In addition, we are exposed to the risk of loss related to changes in credit spreads. Credit spread risk arises from the potential that changes in an issuer’s credit rating or credit perception may affect the value of financial instruments. No material changes to any of these risks have occurred since December 31, 2008.
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For a more detailed discussion of our market risks relating to these activities, refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, included in our Form 10-K.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon the evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of such period.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, except as indicated below.
During the first quarter of 2009, the Company began outsourcing to a third party its software applications development and management activities for certain applications significant to the Company’s financial reporting practices, including application development, testing and monitoring services, application maintenance and support services, project management services and cross functional services. The Company completed the outsourcing of certain of these applications in the first quarter of 2009, and expects to complete the outsourcing of the remaining applications during the second and third quarters of 2009. During the first quarter of 2009, the Company also outsourced its internal information technology (IT) environment, including mainframe services, server services, help desk services, end user services, data network services, voice network services and cross functional services, to a third party. The IT environment outsourcing was completed in April 2009.
While outsourcing these activities, the Company adopted a detailed transition model involving extensive transition planning activities and relevant training, guided support, evaluation of quality measures and increased oversight activities. We are not currently aware of any material adverse impacts on our internal control over financial reporting as a result of these changes; however, the new control environment has not been completely tested. Management will be performing an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, including with respect to the new control environment, as of the year ended December 31, 2009. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. There have been no other significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. |
A description of the legal proceedings to which the Company and its subsidiaries are a party is contained in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. |
(c) Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
Our Board of Directors has authorized a $700 million stock repurchase program. As of March 31, 2009, the remaining authorization under our stock repurchase program was $103.3 million. On November 4, 2008 we announced that our stock repurchase program is on hold as a consequence of the uncertain financial environment and the announcement by Health Net’s Board of Directors that Jay Gellert, our President and Chief Executive Officer, will be undertaking a review of the Company’s strategic direction.
Under the Company’s various stock option and long-term incentive plans, employees and non-employee directors may elect for the Company to withhold shares to satisfy minimum statutory federal, state and local tax withholding and/or exercise price obligations, as applicable, arising from the exercise of stock options. For certain other equity awards, the Company has the right to withhold shares to satisfy any tax obligations that may be required to be withheld or paid in connection with such equity award, including any tax obligation arising on the vesting date.
A description of the Company’s stock repurchase program and tabular disclosure of the information required under this Item 2 is contained in Part I—“Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Structure—Share Repurchases.”
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities. |
None.
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. |
None.
Item 5. | Other Information. |
None.
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The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:
| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| |
10.1 | | Omnibus Amendment to Participation Agreement, Put Option Agreement and Call Option Agreement dated as of March 9, 2009 by and among Health Net Funding, Inc., Health Net, Inc., Lodgemore Holdings, Inc., ING Bank N.V., and Health Net Financing, L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 12, 2009). |
| |
10.2 | | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated March 20, 2009 by and between Health Net, Inc. and John Sivori, a copy of which is filed herewith. |
| |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | |
| | | | HEALTH NET, INC. (REGISTRANT) |
| | |
Date: May 8, 2009 | | By: | | /S/ JOSEPH C. CAPEZZA |
| | | | |
| | | | Joseph C. Capezza |
| | | | Chief Financial Officer |
| | |
Date: May 8, 2009 | | By: | | /S/ BRET A. MORRIS |
| | | | |
| | | | Bret A. Morris |
| | | | Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller |
| | | | (Principal Accounting Officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| |
10.1 | | Omnibus Amendment to Participation Agreement, Put Option Agreement and Call Option Agreement dated as of March 9, 2009 by and among Health Net Funding, Inc., Health Net, Inc., Lodgemore Holdings, Inc., ING Bank N.V., and Health Net Financing, L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 12, 2009). |
| |
10.2 | | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated March 20, 2009 by and between Health Net, Inc. and John Sivori, a copy of which is filed herewith. |
| |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |