Finance Receivables | 4. Finance Receivables Finance Receivables Portfolio Finance receivables consist of Contracts and Direct Loans and are detailed as follows: (In thousands) September 30, 2019 March 31, 2019 September 30, 2018 Finance receivables $ 222,320 $ 228,994 $ 267,236 Accrued interest receivable 3,046 2,889 2,542 Unearned dealer discounts (8,995 ) (10,083 ) (11,352 ) Unearned insurance and fee commissions (2,741 ) (2,826 ) (3,009 ) Finance receivables, net of unearned 213,630 218,974 255,417 Purchase price discount (676 ) — — Allowance for credit losses (13,502 ) (16,932 ) (19,176 ) Finance receivables, net $ 199,452 $ 202,042 $ 236,241 Contracts and Direct Loans each comprise a portfolio segment. The following tables present selected information on the entire portfolio of the Company: As of September 30, Contract Portfolio 2019 2018 Average APR 22.7 % 22.4 % Average discount 7.7 % 7.2 % Average term (months) 52 54 Number of active contracts 27,294 30,548 As of September 30, Direct Loan Portfolio 2019 2018 Average APR 26.5 % 25.1 % Average term (months) 27 32 Number of active contracts 2,921 2,458 The Company purchases Contracts from automobile dealers at a negotiated price that is less than the original principal amount being financed by the purchaser of the automobile. The Contracts are predominantly for used vehicles. As of September 30, 2019, the average model year of vehicles collateralizing the portfolio was a 2010 vehicle. Direct Loans are typically for amounts ranging from $500 to $11,000 and are generally secured by a lien on an automobile, watercraft or other permissible tangible personal property. The majority of Direct Loans are originated with current or former customers under the Company’s automobile financing program. The typical Direct Loan represents a better credit risk than the typical Contract due to the customer’s prior payment history with the Company; however, the underlying collateral is “typically” less valuable. In deciding whether to make a loan, the Company considers the individual’s credit history, job stability, income, and impressions created during a personal interview with a Company loan officer. Additionally, because most of the Direct Loans made by the Company to date have been made to current or former customers, the payment history of the borrower is a significant factor in making the loan decision. As of September 30, 2019, loans made by the Company pursuant to its Direct Loan program constituted approximately 4.3% of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s loan portfolio. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for both Contracts and Direct Loans were driven primarily by consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate, then an additional charge to the provision would be recorded to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. Additionally, credit loss trends over several reporting periods are utilized in estimating future losses and overall portfolio performance. Conversely, the Company could identify abnormalities in the composition of the portfolio, which would indicate the calculation is overstated and management judgement may be required to determine the allowance of credit losses for both Contracts and Direct Loans. Each portfolio segment consists of smaller balance homogeneous loans which are collectively evaluated for impairment. Allowance for Credit Losses The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Contracts and Direct Loans for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018: Three months ended September 30, 2019 Six months ended September 30, 2019 Contracts Direct Loans Consolidated Contracts Direct Loans Consolidated Balance at beginning of period $ 15,494 $ 618 $ 16,112 $ 16,575 $ 357 $ 16,932 Provision for credit losses 3,600 400 4,000 7,580 805 8,385 Charge-offs (8,140 ) (182 ) (8,322 ) (14,675 ) (339 ) (15,014 ) Recoveries 1,698 14 1,712 3,172 27 3,199 Balance at September 30, 2019 $ 12,652 $ 850 $ 13,502 $ 12,652 $ 850 $ 13,502 Three months ended September 30, 2018 Six months ended September 30, 2018 Contracts Direct Loans Consolidated Contracts Direct Loans Consolidated Balance at beginning of period $ 18,116 $ 949 $ 19,065 $ 19,433 $ 833 $ 20,266 Provision for credit losses 8,684 (310 ) 8,374 13,912 (111 ) 13,801 Charge-offs (8,578 ) (164 ) (8,742 ) (15,629 ) (254 ) (15,883 ) Recoveries 470 9 479 976 16 992 Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 18,692 $ 484 $ 19,176 $ 18,692 $ 484 $ 19,176 During the first quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019, the Company began using the trailing six-month charge-offs, annualized, to calculate the allowance for credit losses. The following table is an assessment of the credit quality by creditworthiness: (In thousands) September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Contracts Direct Loans Total Contracts Direct Loans Total Performing accounts $ 205,458 $ 9,309 $ 214,767 $ 244,730 $ 7,248 $ 251,978 Non-performing accounts 6,938 171 7,109 11,365 217 11,582 Total 212,396 9,480 221,876 256,095 7,465 263,560 Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts 436 8 444 3,582 94 3,676 Finance receivables $ 212,832 $ 9,488 $ 222,320 $ 259,677 $ 7,559 $ 267,236 A performing account is defined as an account that is less than 61 days past due. The Company defines an automobile contract as delinquent when more than 10% of a payment contractually due by a certain date has not been paid by the immediately following due date, which date may have been extended within limits specified in the servicing agreements or as a result of a deferral. The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are contractually past due, as extended where applicable. In certain circumstances, the Company will grant obligors one-month payment extensions. The only modification of terms in those circumstances is to advance the obligor’s next due date by one month and extend the maturity date of the receivable. There are no other concessions, such as a reduction in interest rate, or forgiveness of principal or of accrued interest. Accordingly, the Company considers such extensions to be insignificant delays in payments rather than troubled debt restructurings. A non-performing account is defined as an account that is contractually delinquent for 61 days or more or is a Chapter 13 bankruptcy account for which the corresponding bankruptcy plan has not been confirmed by the relevant court. Once the account is deemed non-performing, the accrual of interest income is suspended. As of February 2019, the Company changed the charge-off policy from 181 days contractually delinquent to 121 days contractually delinquent. Also, as of February 2019, once Chapter 13 bankruptcy plans are confirmed by the relevant court, the corresponding accounts are charged off. In the event an account is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company will decide, based on several factors, to begin repossession proceedings or to allow the customer to begin making regularly scheduled payments. The Company does consider Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts, for which the corresponding bankruptcy plan has not been confirmed as of the period end to be troubled debt restructurings and included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses is a specific reserve of approximately $232,000 and $771,000 for these accounts as of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. The following tables present certain information regarding the delinquency rates experienced by the Company with respect to Contracts and Direct Loans, excluding Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts: Contracts (In thousands, except percentages) Balance Outstanding 30 – 59 days 60 – 89 days 90 – 119 days 120+ Total September 30, 2019 $ 212,396 $ 13,981 $ 4,950 $ 1,946 $ 42 $ 20,919 6.58 % 2.33 % 0.92 % 0.02 % 9.85 % September 30, 2018 $ 256,095 $ 17,399 $ 7,132 $ 2,190 $ 2,043 $ 28,764 6.79 % 2.78 % 0.86 % 0.80 % 11.23 % Direct Loans Balance Outstanding 30 – 59 days 60 – 89 days 90 – 119 days 120+ Total September 30, 2019 $ 9,480 $ 219 $ 115 $ 56 $ — $ 390 2.31 % 1.21 % 0.59 % — 4.11 % September 30, 2018 $ 7,465 $ 162 $ 122 $ 27 $ 68 $ 379 2.17 % 1.63 % 0.36 % 0.91 % 5.08 % |