Kentucky Bancshares (KTYB) 10-Q 2019 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period March 31, 2019

or

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                         to                         

Commission File Number:  000-52598

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kentucky	61-0993464
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

P.O. Box 157, Paris, Kentucky	40362-0157
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (859) 987-1795

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer   ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	KTYB	OTCQX

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 30, 2019:  5,981,326.

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

Table of Contents

Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Consolidated Statements of Income	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	6
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	45
Part II - Other Information	46
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 6. Exhibits	47
Signatures	48

2

Item 1 – Financial Statements

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share data)

	3/31/2019		12/31/2018
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	37,676	$	25,835
Federal funds sold		230		266
Cash and cash equivalents		37,906		26,101
Interest bearing time deposits		2,175		2,175
Securities available for sale		297,969		315,369
Loans held for sale		1,282		1,203
Loans		687,484		686,144
Allowance for loan losses		(7,882)		(8,127)
Net loans		679,602		678,017
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		7,034		7,034
Real estate owned, net		852		830
Bank premises and equipment, net		17,332		17,349
Interest receivable		4,177		4,150
Mortgage servicing rights		1,483		1,536
Goodwill		14,001		14,001
Other intangible assets		210		238
Bank owned life insurance		10,282		10,198
Operating lease right of use asset		6,262		—
Other assets		6,406		7,811
Total assets	$	1,086,973	$	1,086,012
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits
Non-interest bearing	$	241,400	$	231,429
Time deposits, $250,000 and over		44,631		59,736
Other interest bearing		558,107		559,277
Total deposits		844,138		850,442
Repurchase agreements		6,604		8,077
Short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		11,400		11,600
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		90,347		88,852
Note payable		2,592		2,718
Subordinated debentures		7,217		7,217
Interest payable		902		893
Operating lease liability		6,262		—
Other liabilities		5,802		9,420
Total liabilities		975,264		979,219
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, 300,000 shares authorized and unissued		—		—
Common stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,981,326 and 5,955,242 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		21,521		21,170
Retained earnings		90,897		89,101
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(709)		(3,478)
Total stockholders’ equity		111,709		106,793
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,086,973	$	1,086,012

See Accompanying Notes

3

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	3/31/2019		3/31/2018
INTEREST INCOME:
Loans, including fees	$	8,800	$	8,012
Securities
Taxable		1,829		1,502
Tax exempt		333		513
Other		217		193
Total interest income		11,179		10,220
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposits		1,537		847
Repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased		24		23
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		543		435
Note payable		34		36
Subordinated debentures		102		85
Total interest expense		2,240		1,426
Net interest income		8,939		8,794
Provision for loan losses		125		—
Net interest income after provision		8,814		8,794
NON-INTEREST INCOME:
Service charges		1,194		1,288
Loan service fee income, net		73		52
Trust department income		328		315
Gain (loss) on sale of available for sale securities, net		94		(44)
Gain on sale of loans		207		374
Brokerage income		136		209
Debit card interchange income		790		763
Net increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance		86		7
Other		92		87
Total other income		3,000		3,051
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,690		4,493
Occupancy expenses		981		980
Repossession expenses, net		53		15
FDIC Insurance		77		79
Legal and professional fees		216		229
Data processing		601		469
Debit card expenses		530		434
Amortization expense of intangible assets, excluding mortgage servicing right		29		36
Advertising and marketing		234		219
Taxes other than payroll, property and income		324		312
Telephone		127		79
Postage		31		85
Loan fees		25		40
Other		847		820
Total other expenses		8,765		8,290
Income before income taxes		3,049		3,555
Provision for income taxes		238		407
Net income	$	2,811	$	3,148
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.47	$	0.53
Diluted		0.47		0.53

See Accompanying Notes

4

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

		Three Months Ended
	3/31/2019		3/31/2018
Net income	$	2,811	$	3,148
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period		3,599		(4,344)
Reclassification of realized amount		(94)		44
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities		3,505		(4,300)
Less: Tax impact		(736)		903
Other comprehensive income (loss)		2,769		(3,397)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	5,580	$	(249)

See Accompanying Notes

5

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share data)

						Accumulated
						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Earnings		Loss		Equity
Balances, December 31, 2017	5,943,044	$	20,931	$	80,395	$	(997)	$	100,329
Common stock issued (employee stock grants of 10,674 shares, net of 766 shares forfeited, director stock awards of 1,962 shares and director stock options exercised of 1,200 shares)	13,836		64		—		—		64
Stock compensation expense	—		45		—		—		45
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(3,397)		(3,397)
Net income	—		—		3,148		—		3,148
Dividends declared - $0.155 per share	—		—		(923)		—		(923)
Balances, March 31, 2018	5,956,880	$	21,040	$	82,620	$	(4,394)	$	99,266

(1) Common Stock has no par value; amount includes Additional Paid-in Capital

						Accumulated
						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Earnings		Loss		Equity
Balances, December 31, 2018	5,955,242	$	21,170	$	89,101	$	(3,478)	$	106,793
Common stock issued (employee stock grants of 23,260 shares, net of 120 shares forfeited, and director stock grants of 2,824 shares)	26,084		295		—		—		295
Stock compensation expense	—		56		—		—		56
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		2,769		2,769
Net income	—		—		2,811		—		2,811
Dividends declared - $0.170 per share	—		—		(1,015)		—		(1,015)
Balances, March 31, 2019	5,981,326	$	21,521	$	90,897	$	(709)	$	111,709

(1)  Common Stock has no par value; amount includes Additional Paid-in Capital

See Accompanying Notes

6

KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	3/31/2019		3/31/2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net Income	$	2,811	$	3,148
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		300		299
Amortization (accretion), net		(31)		(133)
Securities amortization (accretion), net		174		232
Stock based compensation expense		56		45
Provision for loan losses		125		—
Securities losses (gains) available for sale gains, net		(94)		44
Net increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance		(84)		(7)
Originations of loans held for sale		(8,435)		(11,343)
Proceeds from sale of loans		8,563		11,727
Gain on sale of loans		(207)		(374)
Losses (gains) on other real estate		—		(1)
Write-downs of other real estate, net		38		—
Changes in:
Interest receivable		(27)		142
Other assets		664		21
Interest payable		9		(197)
Deferred taxes		5		(45)
Other liabilities		(3,618)		(2,342)
Net cash from operating activities		249		1,216
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Net change in interest bearing time deposits		—		45
Purchases of securities available for sale		(8,022)		(9,599)
Purchase of bank owned life insurance		—		(10,000)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale		16,318		3,922
Proceeds from principal payments, maturities and calls securities available for sale		12,529		13,280
Net change in loans		(1,670)		(1,013)
Purchases of bank premises and equipment		(283)		(1,053)
Capitalized expenditures for other real estate		—		(74)
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate		12		203
Net cash used in investing activities		18,884		(4,289)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net change in deposits		(6,304)		1,469
Net change in repurchase agreements		(1,473)		(7,667)
Net change in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		(200)		(200)
Proceeds from long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		5,000		—
Repayment of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		(3,505)		(1,820)
Repayment of note payable		(126)		(237)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		295		64
Dividends paid		(1,015)		(923)
Net cash (used in) from financing activities		(7,328)		(9,314)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		11,805		(12,387)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		26,101		39,172
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	37,906	$	26,785
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the year for:
Interest expense	$	2,231	$	1,623
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing activities
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		72		—
In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, as detailed in Note 10 of the unaudited consolidated        financial statements, an operating lease asset and a related lease liability was recognized		6,262		—

See Accompanying Notes

7

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The financial information presented as of any date other than December 31 has been prepared from the Company’s books and records without audit. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting and reporting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Basis of Presentation:  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. (the Company), its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Kentucky Bank (the Bank) and KBI Insurance Company, Inc., a captive insurance subsidiary, and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, KB Special Assets Unit, LLC.  Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Nature of Operations:  The Bank operates under a state bank charter and provides full banking services, including trust services, to customers located in Bourbon, Clark, Elliot, Fayette, Harrison, Jessamine, Madison, Rowan, Scott, Woodford and adjoining counties in Kentucky.  As a state bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Kentucky Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).  The Company, a bank holding company, is regulated by the Federal Reserve. KBI Insurance Company, Inc., a captive insurance subsidiary, is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.

Subsequent Events:  The Company has evaluated subsequent events for recognition and disclosure through May 10, 2019 which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued.

Estimates in the Financial Statements:  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Cash Flows:  For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, federal funds sold, and certain short-term investments with maturities of less than three months.  Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.  Net cash flows are reported for loan, deposit and short-term borrowing transactions.

Interest Bearing Time Deposits: Interest bearing time deposits in other financial institutions have original maturities between one and three years and are carried at cost.

Securities:  The Company is required to classify its securities portfolio into one of three categories:  trading securities, securities available for sale and securities held to maturity.  Fair value adjustments are made to the securities based on their classification with the exception of the held to maturity category.  The Company has no investments classified as trading securities or held to maturity.  Securities available for sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses for securities which are classified as available for sale are reported in other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax. 

8

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount.  Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated.  Premiums on purchased callable debt securities are amortized to the earliest call date.  Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the settlement date and determined using the specific identification method.

On January 1st, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for Financial Instruments, which requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.  Equity investments are included in other assets with changes in fair value recorded in other income. 

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.  For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer.  Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings.

For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income.  The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. 

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value as determined by outstanding commitments from investors or current secondary market prices, calculated on the aggregate loan basis.  The Company also provides for any losses on uncovered commitments to lend or sell.  The Company sells loans with servicing rights retained and also with servicing rights released.

Loans:  Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, net of deferred loan origination fees and costs and acquired purchase premiums and discounts, reduced by an allowance for loan losses.  Interest income on loans is recognized  on the accrual basis except for those loans on a nonaccrual status.  Interest income on real estate mortgage (1-4 family residential and multi-family residential) and consumer loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent, and interest income on real estate construction, non-farm and non-residential mortgage, agricultural and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 120 days delinquent, unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection.  Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan.  In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.  Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.  Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield on the related loan.  Recorded investment is the outstanding loan balance, excluding accrued interest receivable.

When interest accrual is discontinued, interest income received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.  Typically, the Company seeks to establish a payment history of at least six consecutive payments made on a timely basis before returning a loan to accrual status.  Consumer and credit card loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

Concentration of Credit Risk:  Most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located within Bourbon, Clark, Elliott, Fayette, Harrison, Jessamine, Madison, Rowan, Scott, Woodford and surrounding counties located in Kentucky.  Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy in these counties.

9

Allowance for Loan Losses:  The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses.  Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed.  Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Adjustments are made to the historical loss experience ratios based on the qualitative factors as outlined in the regulatory Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses.  These qualitative factors include the nature and volume of portfolio, economic and business conditions, classification, past due and non-accrual trends.  Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors.  Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated at the portfolio segment level using the same methodology for each segment.  The recent historical actual net losses is the basis for the general reserve for each segment which is then adjusted for qualitative factors as outlined above (i.e., nature and volume of portfolio, economic and business conditions, classification, past due and non-accrual trends) specifically evaluated at individual segment levels.

The allowance consists of specific and general components.  The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired.  The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors for non-classified loans and a migration analysis for classified loans.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Loans, for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and has been granted a concession, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.

Loans are charged off when available information confirms that loans, or portions thereof, are uncollectible.  While management considers the number of days a loan is past due in its evaluation process, we also consider a variety of other factors.

Factors considered by management in evaluating the charge-off decision include collateral value, availability of current financial information for both borrower and guarantor, and the probability of collecting contractual principal and interest payments.  These considerations may result in loans being charged off before they are 90 days or more past due.  This evaluation framework for determining charge-offs is consistently applied to each segment. 

From time to time, the Company will charge-off a portion of impaired and non-performing loans.  Loans that meet the criteria under ASC 310 are evaluated individually for impairment.  Management considers payment status, collateral value, availability of current financial information for the borrower and guarantor, actual and expected cash flows, and probability of collecting amounts due.  If a loan’s collection status is deemed to be collateral dependent or foreclosure is imminent, the loan is charged down to the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs.  In circumstances where the loan is not deemed to be collateral dependent, but we believe, after completing our evaluation process, that probable loss has been incurred, we will provide a specific allocation on that loan.

The impact of recording partial charge-offs is a reduction of gross loans and a reduction of the loan loss reserve.  The net loan balance is unchanged in instances where the loan had a specific allocation as a component of the allowance for loan losses.  The allowance as a percentage of total loans may be lower as the allowance no longer needs to include a component for the loss, which has now been recorded, and net charge-off amounts are increased as partial charge-offs are recorded.

10

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Commercial and real estate construction and real estate mortgage loans (multi-family residential, and non-farm and non-residential mortgage) over $200 thousand are individually evaluated for impairment.  If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.  Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and 1-4 family residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures.  Troubled debt restructurings are separately identified for impairment disclosures and are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception.    If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.

The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors.  The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 5 years.  This actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment.  These economic factors include consideration of the following:  levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

A “portfolio segment” is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for loan losses.  The Company has identified the following portfolio segments:  commercial, real estate construction, real estate mortgage, agricultural, consumer (credit cards and other consumer) and other (overdrafts).

Commercial:  These loans to businesses do not have real estate as the underlying collateral.  Instead of real estate, collateral could be business assets such as equipment or accounts receivable or the personal guarantee of one or more guarantors.  These loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by commercial real estate because in the event of default by the borrower, the business assets must be liquidated and/or guarantors pursued for deficit funds.  Business assets are worth more while they are in use to produce income for the business and worth significantly less if the business is no longer in operation.  Within the commercial portfolio, risk analysis is performed primarily based on the individual loan type.

Real estate construction:  Real estate construction consists of loans secured by real estate for additions or alterations to existing structures, as well as constructing new structures.  They include fixed and floating rate loans.  Real estate construction loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by 1-4 family residential real estate primarily because of the length of the construction period, potential change in prices of construction, the incomplete status of the collateral and economic cycles.  Because of these factors, real estate construction loans generally have higher qualitative adjustments.

11

Real Estate Mortgage:

1-4 family residential:  Loans secured by 1-4 family residential real estate represent the lowest risk of loans for the Company.  They include fixed and floating rate loans as well as loans for commercial purposes or consumer purposes.  The Company generally does not hold subprime residential mortgages. Borrowers with loans in this category, whether for commercial or consumer purposes, tend to make their payments timely as they do not want to risk foreclosure and loss of property.

Multifamily residential:  Loans secured by multifamily residential real estate consist primarily of loans secured by apartment buildings and can be either fixed or floating rate loans.  Multi-family residential real estate loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by 1-4 family residential real estate because the borrower’s repayment ability typically comes from rents from tenants.  Local economic and employment fluctuations impact rent rolls and potentially the borrower’s repayment ability.

Non-farm & non-residential:  Loans secured by non-farm non-residential real estate consist of loans secured by commercial real estate that is not owner occupied.  These loans generally consist of loans collateralized by property whereby rents received from commercial tenants of the borrower are the source of repayment.   These loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by owner occupied commercial real estate because repayment risk is expanded to be dependent on the success of multiple businesses which are paying rent to the borrower.  If multiple businesses fail due to deteriorating economic conditions or poor business management skills, the borrower may not have enough rents to cover their monthly payment.  Repayment risk is also increased depending on the level of surplus available commercial lease space in the local market area.

Agricultural:  These loans to agricultural businesses do not have real estate as the underlying collateral.  Instead of real estate, collateral could be assets such as equipment or accounts receivable or the personal guarantee of one or more guarantors.  These loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by real estate because in the event of default by the borrower, the assets must be liquidated and/or guarantors pursued for deficit funds.  Farm assets are worth more while they are in use to produce income and worth significantly less if the farm is no longer in operation.

Consumer:  Consumer loans are generally loans to borrowers for non-business purposes.  They can be either secured or unsecured.  Consumer loans are generally small in the individual amount of principal outstanding and are repaid from the borrower’s private funds earned from employment.  Consumer lending risk is very susceptible to local economic trends.

If there is a consumer loan default, any collateral that may be repossessed is generally not well maintained and has a diminished value.  For this reason, consumer loans tend to have higher overall interest rates to cover the higher cost of repossession and charge-offs.  However, due to their smaller average balance per borrower, consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment in determining the appropriate allowance for loan losses.

Other:  All other loan types are aggregated together for credit risk evaluation due to the varying nature but small number of the remaining types of loans in the Company’s loan portfolio.  Loans in this segment include but are not limited to overdrafts.  Due to their smaller balance, other loans are collectively evaluated for impairment in determining the appropriate allowance for loan losses.

Due to the overall high level of real estate mortgage loans within the loan portfolio as a whole, as compared to other portfolio segments, for risk assessment and allowance purposes this segment was segregated into more granular pools by collateral property type. 

The non-farm non-residential and the multi-family real estate mortgage loan portfolio segments had the next highest level of qualitative adjustments due to the effects of local markets and economies on the underlying collateral property values, as well as for industry concentrations and risks related to the this type of property. 

Mortgage Servicing Rights:  The Bank has sold certain residential mortgage loans to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) while retaining the servicing rights.

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Servicing rights are recognized separately when they are acquired through sales of loans.  When mortgage loans are sold, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gain on sale of mortgage loans.  Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income.  The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.  All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into loan service fee income, net, included in non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount.  Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type.  Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount.  If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income.  The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement as loan service income, net, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans.  The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned.  The amortization of mortgage servicing rights and valuation allowance are netted against loan servicing fee income.  Servicing fees totaled $134 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $125 thousand for the first three months of 2018. Servicing fees are included in loan service fee income in the income statement.  Late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing are not material.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock:  The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts.  FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value.  Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance:  The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees.  Bank- owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Bank Premises and Equipment:  Land is carried at cost.  Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 5 to 40 years.  Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line (or accelerated) method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years.

Real Estate Owned:  Real estate acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  The value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the allowance for loan losses, if necessary.  Any subsequent write-downs are charged to operating expenses.  Operating expenses of such properties, net of related income, and gains and losses on their disposition are included in other expenses.

Investments in Limited Partnerships:  Investments in limited partnerships represent the Company’s investments in affordable housing projects for the primary purpose of available tax benefits.  The Company is a limited partner in these investments and as such, the Company is not involved in the management or operation of such investments.  These investments are amortized over the period that the Company expects to receive the tax benefits.  These investments are evaluated for impairment when events indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

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The investment recorded at March 31, 2019 was $4.0 million and $3.6 million at March 31, 2018, respectively, and is included with other assets in the balance sheet.  During the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized amortization expense of $159 thousand and $156 thousand, respectively, which was included within other noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income.

Leases:  The Company adopted FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-

02”), including the adoption of the practical expedients, on January 1, 2019. Lessees are required to recognize

assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. The Company

recorded assets and liabilities of $6.3 million, as of March 31, 2019, as a result of recording operating lease contracts where the Company is lessee.  The Company did not restate comparative periods. The right of use asset and the lease obligations are included reported on the Company’s balance sheet in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition

Repurchase Agreements:  Substantially all repurchase agreement liabilities represent amounts advanced by various customers.  Securities are pledged to cover these liabilities, which are not covered by federal deposit insurance.

Stock-Based Compensation:  Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant.  A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.  Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period.  For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Revenue Recognition:  The Company’s services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within Non-Interest Income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisifies its obligation to the customer.  Services within the scope of ASC 606 include trust department income, service charges, debit card interchange income and brokerage income.

· Trust department income: We earn wealth management fees based upon asset custody, investment management, trust, and estate services provided to customers. Most of these customers receive monthly billings for services rendered based upon the market value of assets and/or income generated. Fees that are transaction based are recognized at the point in time that the transaction is executed.  These fees totaled $328 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $315 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

· Service charges: We earn fees from our deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees and overdraft fees are recognized at a point in time, since the customer generally has a right to cancel the depository arrangement at any time. The arrangement is considered a day-to-day contract with ongoing renewals and optional purchases, so the duration of the contract does not extend beyond the services already performed. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a montrepresenting the period over which we satisfy our performance obligation.  These fees totaled $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

· Debit card interchange income: As with the transaction-based fees on deposit accounts, debit card interchange income is recognized at the point in time that we fulfill the customer’s request. We earn interchange fees from cardholder transactions processed through card association networks. Interchange rates are generally set by the card associations based upon purchase volumes and other factors. Interchange fees represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.  These fees totaled $790 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $763 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

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· Brokerage income: Brokerage income fees are the commissions and fees received from a registered broker/dealer and investment adviser that provide those services to our customers. We act as an agent in arranging the relationship between the customer and the third-party service provider. These fees are recognized monthly from the third-party broker based upon services already performed.  These fees totaled $136 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $209 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

Income Taxes:  Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates.  A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company recognizes interest related to income tax matters as interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as other expense.

Retirement Plans:  Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching contributions.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets:  Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually.  The Company has selected December 31 as the date to perform the annual impairment test.  Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values.  Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our balance sheet.

Intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible assets arising from whole bank and branch acquisitions.  They are initially measured at fair value and then are amortized on either an accelerated or straight-line basis, over ten or fifteen years.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments:  Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs.  The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay.  Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Earnings Per Common Share:  Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock options.  Earnings and dividends per share have been adjusted in all periods presented to give effect to all stock splits and dividends through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Stock Split:  On November 21, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a two-for-one stock split (the “Stock Split”) of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock (“Common Stock”), no par value per share, pursuant to which one (1) additional share of the Common Stock was issued for each share of Common Stock held by shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 3, 2018.  The additional shares were issued on December 10, 2018.  Earnings and dividends per share, and the number of shares are restated for the Stock Split through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss):  Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income.  Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, which are also recognized as a separate component of equity.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments:  Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note.  Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items.  Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

Operating Segments:  While the Company’s chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of the various Company products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis.  Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment: banking.

Reclassifications:  Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity. 

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

We adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” on January 1, 2019, the effective date of the guidance, using the

practical expedient transition method whereby we did not revise comparative period information or disclosure. The new standard requires lessees to record assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carryforward the historical lease classification. We also elected certain optional practical expedients including the hindsight practical expedient under which we considered the actual outcomes of lease renewals and terminations when measuring the lease term at adoption, and we made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. We recognize these lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and we have elected the practical expedient to account for these as a single lease component.

We evaluate our contracts at inception to determine if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company has no finance leases.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments made less any lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

Our operating leases relate primarily to land and building leases for bank branches and office space. In conjunction with the adoption on January 1, 2019, we recognized operating lease liabilities of $6.4 million and related lease assets of $6.4 million on our balance sheet.  The adoption of ASU 2016-02  had no material impact on our consolidated income statement or cash flow statement.

ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” Issued in June 2016, ASU 2016-13 will add Financial Accounting Standards Board “FASB” ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” and finalizes amendments to FASB ASC Subtopic 825-15, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.” The amendments of ASU 2016-13 are intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information related to expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit by replacing the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates.

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The amendment requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to enhance their credit loss estimates.  The amendment requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio.  In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.  The amendments in this update become effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption was permitted after December 15, 2018.

As previously disclosed, the Company formed a steering committee to oversee the adoption of the ASU at the effective date.  Appropriate members of Senior Management  have developed a plan focused on understanding the ASU, researching issues, identifying data needs for modeling inputs, technology requirements, and modeling considerations.  During 2019, the Company is focused on the completion of its model, refining assumptions, and continued review of the model.  Concurrent with this, the Company is also focused on researching and resolving interpretive accounting issues in the ASU, contemplating various related accounting policies, developing processes and related controls, and considering various reporting disclosures.

As of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, the Company expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment increasing the allowance for loan losses, if any, since the ASU covers credit losses over the expected life of a loan as well as considering future changes in macroeconomic conditions. The magnitude of any such one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements cannot yet be reasonably estimated, however, we expect to run multiple parallel models during 2019 before finalizing the adjustment amount by December 31, 2019.

In December 2018, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC approved a final rule to address changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP, including banking organizations’ implementation of CECL.  The final rule provides banking organizations the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the new accounting standard.

ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718):  Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  Issued in June 2018, the amendments in ASU 2018-07 to Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, are intended to align the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees and nonemployees. 

Changes to the accounting for nonemployee awards include: 1) equity classified share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees will now be measured on the grant date, instead of the previous requirement to remeasure the awards through the performance completion date; 2) for performance conditions, compensation cost associated with the award will be recognized when achievement of the performance condition is probable, rather than upon achievement of the performance condition; and 3) the current requirement to reassess the classification (equity or liability) for nonemployee awards upon vesting will be eliminated, except for awards in the form of convertible instruments.  The new guidance also clarifies that any share-based payment awards issued to customers should be evaluated under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  

The Company's share-based payment awards to nonemployees consist only of grants made to the Company's Board of Directors as compensation solely related to the individual's role as a Director.  As such, in accordance with ASC 718, the Company accounts for these share-based payment awards to its Directors in the same manner as share-based payment awards for its employees.  Accordingly, the amendments in this guidance were adopted on January 1, 2019 and did not have an effect on the accounting for the Company's share-based payment awards to its Directors.

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2.SECURITIES

SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE

Period-end securities are as follows:

(in thousands)

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Available for Sale
March 31, 2019
U.S. treasury notes	$	4,029	$	—	$	(28)	$	4,001
U. S. government agencies		30,902		568		(243)		31,227
States and political subdivisions		53,128		985		(68)		54,045
Mortgage-backed - residential		115,344		254		(1,465)		114,133
Mortgage-backed - commercial		79,896		130		(924)		79,102
Asset-backed		15,568		65		(172)		15,461
Total	$	298,867	$	2,002	$	(2,900)	$	297,969
December 31, 2018
U.S. treasury notes	$	4,032	$	—	$	(57)	$	3,975
U. S. government agencies		41,122		515		(459)		41,178
States and political subdivisions		64,196		503		(495)		64,204
Mortgage-backed - residential		150,704		159		(3,614)		147,249
Mortgage-backed - commercial		49,484		—		(921)		48,563
Asset-backed		10,234		56		(90)		10,200
Total	$	319,772	$	1,233	$	(5,636)	$	315,369

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown below.  Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.  Securities not due at a single maturity are shown separately.  Further discussion concerning Fair Value Measurements can be found in Note 9.

	Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		39,534		39,990
Due after five years through ten years		20,598		20,790
Due after ten years		27,927		28,493
		88,059		89,273
Mortgage-backed - residential		115,344		114,133
Mortgage-backed - commercial		79,896		79,102
Asset-backed		15,568		15,461
Total	$	298,867	$	297,969

Proceeds from sales of securities during the first three months of 2019 and 2018 were $16.3 million and $3.9 million.  Gross gains of $109 thousand and $34 thousand and gross losses of $15 thousand and $78 thousand were realized on those sales, respectively.  The tax provision related to these realized net gains or losses was $20 thousand and $(9) thousand, respectively. 

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Securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2019 and at December 31, 2018 not recognized in income are as follows:

March 31, 2019

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Description of Securities	Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss
U.S. treasury notes	$	—	$	—	$	4,001	$	(28)	$	4,001	$	(28)
U.S. government agencies		—		—		18,695		(243)		18,695		(243)
States and political subdivisions		283		(1)		8,399		(67)		8,682		(68)
Mortgage-backed - residential		3,725		(6)		84,952		(1,459)		88,677		(1,465)
Mortgage-backed - commercial		1,992		(1)		61,250		(923)		63,242		(924)
Asset-backed		8,353		(172)		—		—		8,353		(172)
Total temporarily impaired	$	14,353	$	(180)	$	177,297	$	(2,720)	$	191,650	$	(2,900)

December 31, 2018

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Description of Securities	Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss
U.S. treasury notes	$	—	$	—	$	3,975	$	(57)	$	3,975	$	(57)
U.S. government agencies		—		—		21,102		(459)		21,102		(459)
States and political subdivisions		8,007		(125)		25,540		(370)		33,547		(495)
Mortgage-backed - residential		19,250		(144)		112,369		(3,470)		131,619		(3,614)
Mortgage-backed - commercial		—		—		45,949		(921)		45,949		(921)
Asset-backed		1,920		(90)		—		—		1,920		(90)
Total temporarily impaired	$	29,177	$	(359)	$	208,935	$	(5,277)	$	238,112	$	(5,636)

The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation.  In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, we may consider many factors including, (1) whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, (2) whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, (3) the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition and near-term prospects, (4) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, and (5) whether we intend to sell the investment security or more likely than not will be required to sell the investment security before its anticipated recovery.

Unrealized losses on securities included in the tables above have not been recognized into income because (1) all rated securities are investment grade and are of high credit quality, (2) management does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that management would not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, (3) management believes the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and (4) management believes the declines in fair value are temporary.  The Company believes the fair value will recover as the securities approach maturity.

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3.LOANS

Loans at period-end are as follows:

(in thousands)

	3/31/2019		12/31/2018
Commercial	$	88,214	$	86,149
Real estate construction		20,700		24,254
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		256,704		252,318
Multi-family residential		45,434		46,403
Non-farm & non-residential		197,394		196,674
Agricultural		58,822		60,049
Consumer		20,047		20,089
Other		169		208
Total	$	687,484	$	686,144

Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three month period indicated was as follows:

		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
		(in thousands)
		Beginning								Ending
	��	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision		Balance
Commercial		$	1,159	$	(191)	$	7	$	(32)	$	943
Real estate construction			414		—		—		(63)		351
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential			2,605		(99)		8		146		2,660
Multi-family residential			733		—		—		(10)		723
Non-farm & non-residential			1,649		(17)		—		(23)		1,609
Agricultural			420		—		1		(15)		406
Consumer			410		(61)		14		26		389
Other			58		(241)		209		44		70
Unallocated			679		—		—		52		731
		$	8,127	$	(609)	$	239	$	125	$	7,882

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
	Beginning								Ending
	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision		Balance
Commercial	$	975	$	—	$	—	$	(16)	$	959
Real estate Construction		462		—		—		(70)		392
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		2,316		(62)		257		(12)		2,499
Multi-family residential		640		—		3		133		776
Non-farm & non-residential		1,554		—		—		—		1,554
Agricultural		494		—		23		(33)		484
Consumer		582		(28)		16		(9)		561
Other		18		(214)		190		30		24
Unallocated		679		—		—		(23)		656
	$	7,720	$	(304)	$	489	$	—	$	7,905

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The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment (excluding accrued interest receivable amounting to $2.8 million as of March 31, 2019 and $2.8 million at December 31, 2018) in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	Individually		Collectively
As of March 31, 2019	Evaluated for		Evaluated for
(in thousands)	Impairment		Impairment		Total
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Commercial	$	—	$	943	$	943
Real estate construction		—		351		351
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		19		2,641		2,660
Multi-family residential		—		723		723
Non-farm & non-residential		—		1,609		1,609
Agricultural		—		406		406
Consumer		—		389		389
Other		—		70		70
Unallocated		—		731		731
	$	19	$	7,863	$	7,882
Loans:
Commercial	$	—	$	88,214	$	88,214
Real estate construction		374		20,326		20,700
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		1,455		255,249		256,704
Multi-family residential		1,952		43,482		45,434
Non-farm & non-residential		276		197,118		197,394
Agricultural		528		58,294		58,822
Consumer		—		20,047		20,047
Other		—		169		169
Total	$	4,585	$	682,899	$	687,484

	Individually		Collectively
As of December 31, 2018	Evaluated for		Evaluated for
(in thousands)	Impairment		Impairment		Total
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Commercial	$	191	$	968	$	1,159
Real estate construction		—		414		414
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		10		2,595		2,605
Multi-family residential		—		733		733
Non-farm & non-residential		—		1,649		1,649
Agricultural		—		420		420
Consumer		—		410		410
Other		—		58		58
Unallocated		—		679		679
	$	201	$	7,926	$	8,127
Loans:
Commercial	$	191	$	85,958	$	86,149
Real estate construction		374		23,880		24,254
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		1,003		251,315		252,318
Multi-family residential		1,973		44,430		46,403
Non-farm & non-residential		227		196,447		196,674
Agricultural		1,164		58,885		60,049
Consumer		—		20,089		20,089
Other		—		208		208
Total	$	4,932	$	681,212	$	686,144

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The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	Unpaid				Allowance for		Average		Interest		Cash Basis
	Principal		Recorded		Loan Losses		Recorded		Income		Interest
	Balance		Investment		Allocated		Investment		Recognized		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate construction	$	374	$	374	$	—	$	374	$	—	$	—
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		200		200		—		100		4		4
Multi-family residential		1,952		1,952		—		1,963		43		43
Non-farm and non-residential		276		276				252		5		5
Agricultural		528		528		—		846		4		4
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		1,255		1,255		19		1,129		7		7
Total	$	4,585	$	4,585	$	19	$	4,664	$	63	$	63

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality.

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

			Year to Date		Year to Date
	Average		Interest		Cash Basis
	Recorded		Income		Interest
(in thousands):	Investment		Recognized		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential	$	169	$	4	$	4
Multi-family residential		712		12		12
Non-farm and non-residential		1,404		18		18
Agricultural		283		6		6
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		570		7		7
Total	$	3,138	$	47	$	47

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality.

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The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

	Unpaid				Allowance for		Average		Interest		Cash Basis
	Principal		Recorded		Loan Losses		Recorded		Income		Interest
	Balance		Investment		Allocated		Investment		Recognized		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real-estate construction	$	374	$	374	$	—	$	187	$	3	$	3
Real-estate mortgage:
Multi-family		1,973		1,973		—		1,991		101		101
Non-farm & non-residential		227		227		—		679		12		12
Agricultural		1,164		1,164		—		724		54		54
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial		191		191		191		96		18		18
Real estate mortgage
1-4 family residential		1,003		1,003		10		605		13		13
Total	$	4,932	$	4,932	$	201	$	4,282	$	201	$	201

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual, loans past due over 89 days still on accrual and accruing troubled debt restructurings by class of loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

			Loans Past Due
			Over 89 Days
As of March 31, 2019			Still		Troubled Debt
(in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Accruing		Restructurings
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—
Real estate construction		374		—		—
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		554		941		—
Non-farm & non-residential		65		—		—
Agricultural		249		—		—
Consumer		26		4		—
Total	$	1,268	$	945	$	—

			Loans Past Due
			Over 89 Days
As of December 31, 2018			Still		Troubled Debt
(in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Accruing		Restructurings
Commercial	$	191	$	—	$	—
Real estate construction		—		374		—
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		525		784		—
Non-farm & non-residential		156		14		—
Agricultural		252		—		—
Consumer		17		10		—
Total	$	1,141	$	1,182	$	—

Nonaccrual loans secured by real estate make up 97.6% of the total nonaccrual loan balances at March 31, 2019.

Nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 89 days and still accruing include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  All amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest payments and the contractual principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement.

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Nonaccrual loans are loans for which payments in full of principal or interest is not expected or which principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection.  Other impaired loans may be loans showing signs of weakness or interruptions in cash flow, but ultimately are current or less than 90 days past due with respect to principal and interest and for which we anticipate full payment of principal and interest but not in accordance with contractual terms.

Additional factors considered by management in determining impairment and non-accrual status include payment status, collateral value, availability of current financial information, and the probability of collecting all contractual principal and interest payments.

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due and non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by class of loans:

	30–59		60–89		Greater than				Total
As of March 31, 2019	Days		Days		89 Days				Past Due &		Loans Not
(in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Non-accrual		Non-accrual		Past Due
Commercial	$	116	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	116	$	88,098
Real estate construction		—		—		—		374		374		20,326
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		1,859		163		941		554		3,517		253,187
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—		—		45,434
Non-farm & non-residential		400		—		—		65		465		196,929
Agricultural		313		200		—		249		762		58,060
Consumer		123		34		4		26		187		19,860
Other		—		—		—		—		—		169
Total	$	2,811	$	397	$	945	$	1,268	$	5,421	$	682,063

	30–59		60–89		Greater than				Total
As of December 31, 2018	Days		Days		89 Days				Past Due &		Loans Not
(in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Non-accrual		Non-accrual		Past Due
Commercial	$	10	$	24	$	—	$	191	$	225	$	85,924
Real estate construction		309		—		374		—		683		23,571
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		2,158		563		784		525		4,030		248,288
Multi-family residential		951		—		—		—		951		45,452
Non-farm & non-residential		68		84		14		156		322		196,352
Agricultural		502		15		—		252		769		59,280
Consumer		119		15		10		17		161		19,928
Other		—		—		—		—		—		208
Total	$	4,117	$	701	$	1,182	$	1,141	$	7,141	$	679,003

Troubled Debt Restructurings:

Management periodically reviews renewals and modifications of previously identified troubled debt restructurings (TDR), for which there was no principal forgiveness, to consider if it is appropriate to remove the TDR classification. If the borrower is no longer experiencing financial difficulty and the renewal/modification did not contain a concessionary interest rate or other concessionary terms, management considers the potential removal of the TDR classification. If deemed appropriate based upon current underwriting, the TDR classification is removed as the borrower has complied with the terms of the loan at the date of renewal/modification and there was a reasonable expectation that the borrower will continue to comply with the terms of the loan after the date of the renewal/modification. Additionally, TDR classification can be removed in circumstances in which the Company performs a non-concessionary re-modification of the loan at terms considered to be at market for loans with comparable risk and management expects the borrower will continue to perform under the re-modified terms based on the borrower's past history of performance.

The Company had no loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

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Credit Quality Indicators:

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as:  current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.  The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk.  This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis.  The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention.  Loans classified as special mention have one or more potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution's credit position at some future date.

Substandard.  Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified have a well-defined and documented weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful.  Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows:

As of March 31, 2019			Special
(in thousands)	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
Commercial	$	87,873	$	318	$	23	$	—
Real estate construction		20,303		—		397		—
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		247,063		3,638		6,003		—
Multi-family residential		41,017		2,465		1,952		—
Non-farm & non-residential		188,830		8,086		478		—
Agricultural		53,576		4,259		987		—
Total	$	638,662	$	18,766	$	9,840	$	—

As of December 31, 2018			Special
(in thousands)	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
Commercial	$	84,911	$	994	$	53	$	191
Real estate construction		23,857		—		397		—
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential		244,382		2,685		5,201		50
Multi-family residential		43,248		1,182		1,973		—
Non-farm & non-residential		188,186		7,967		503		18
Agricultural		54,654		3,715		1,680		—
Total	$	639,238	$	16,543	$	9,807	$	259

For consumer loans, the Company evaluates the credit quality based on the aging of the recorded investment in loans, which was previously presented.  Non-performing consumer loans are loans which are greater than 89 days past due or on non-accrual status, and total $30 thousand at March 31, 2019 and $27 thousand at December 31, 2018.

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Non-consumer loans with an outstanding balance less than $200 thousand are evaluated similarly to consumer loans. Loan performance is evaluated based on delinquency status. Both are reviewed at least quarterly and credit quality grades are updated as needed

4.REAL ESTATE OWNED

Activity in real estate owned, net was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning of year	$	830	$	2,404
Additions		72		—
Capitalized Expenditures		—		74
Sales		(12)		(202)
Fair value adjustments		(38)		—
End of period	$	852	$	2,276

Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019		2018
Beginning of year	$	407	$	777
Fair value adjustments		38		—
End of Period	$	445	$	777

Expenses related to foreclosed assets include (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2019		2018
Net gains on sales, included in other income on income statement	$	—	$	1
Fair value adjustments		38		—
Operating expenses, net of rental income		15		15
Repossession expense, net		53		15
Net expense, net of gain or loss on sales, for the period	$	53	$	16

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5.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock based compensation agreements.

The factors used in the earnings per share computation follow:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net Income	$	2,811	$	3,148
Weighted average common shares outstanding		5,929		5,924
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.47	$	0.53

Restricted stock grants for 2019 and 2018 were excluded in shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic and diluted earnings per share.

6.STOCK COMPENSATION

We have two stock based compensation plans as described below.

2005 Restricted Stock Grant Plan

On May 10, 2005, the Company’s stockholders approved a restricted stock grant plan.  Total shares issuable under the plan were 100,000. There were no shares issued during the first three months of 2019 or 2018.  The plan is now expired and no additional shares will be issued from the 2005 plan.  There were 12 shares forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 142 shares were forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested shares for the year follows (in thousands, except per share data):

		Weighted-Average		Fair
		Grant-Date		Value
Nonvested Shares	Shares	Fair Value		Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2019	5,924	$	77,404	$	13.07
Vested	(4,254)		(54,566)		12.83
Forfeited	(12)		(164)		13.68
Nonvested at March 31, 2019	1,658	$	22,674	$	13.68

As of March 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested shares granted under the 2005 Restricted Stock Grant Plan will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.  Further, as of March 31, 2019, no additional shares are available for issuance under the 2005 Restricted Stock Grant Plan.

2009 Stock Award Plan

On May 13, 2009, the Company’s stockholders approved a stock award plan that provides for the granting of both incentive and nonqualified stock options and other share based awards.  Total shares issuable under the plan are 300,000.  There were 23,380 shares issued during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 11,440 shares were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2018. There were 108 shares forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 624 shares were forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

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A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested shares for the year follows (in thousands, except per share data):

		Weighted-Average		Fair
		Grant-Date		Value
Nonvested Shares	Shares	Fair Value		Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2019	25,778	$	482,213	$	18.71
Granted	23,380		549,430		23.50
Vested	(9,132)		(173,164)		18.96
Forfeited	(108)		(2,046)		18.94
Nonvested at March 31, 2019	39,918	$	856,433	$	21.45

As of March 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested shares granted under the 2009 Restricted Stock Grant Plan will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.0 years.  As of March 31, 2019, 229,750 shares are still available for issuance.

7.REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS

Repurchase agreements totaled $6.6 million at March 31, 2019. Of this, $3.6 million in balances were overnight obligations and $3.0 million in balances had terms extending through May 2021 with a weighted remaining average life of 1.1 years. The Company pledged U.S. government agency securities with a total carrying amount of $12.1 million to secure repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2019.

8.OTHER BORROWINGS

On July 20, 2015, the Company borrowed $5.0 million which had an outstanding balance of $2.6 million as of March 31, 2019. The term loan has a fixed interest rate of 5.02%, requires quarterly principal and interest payments, matures July 20, 2025 and is collateralized by Kentucky Bank stock.  The maturity schedule for the term loan as of March 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

2019	$	387
2020		539
2021		567
2022		596
Thereafter		503
	$	2,592

9.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and sets forth disclosures about fair value measurements.  ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, allows entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value.  The Company has not elected the fair value option for any financial assets or liabilities.

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ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  This Topic describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value:

Investment Securities:  The fair values for available for sale investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1).  For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2).  For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). 

Impaired Loans:  The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses is generally based on recent third party real estate appraisals.  These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans.

Net adjustments totaled $(182) thousand the first three months of 2019 and $44 for the first three months of 2018 and resulted in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. 

Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification.  Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy.  

Other Real Estate Owned:  Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure and classified as other real estate owned “OREO” are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than annually.  These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach with data from comparable properties.  Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available.  Such adjustments were $38 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and resulted in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.  Real estate owned properties are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Mortgage Servicing Rights:  Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income, resulting in a Level 3 classification. 

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Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis:

Available for sale investment securities and trading assets are the Company’s only balance sheet items that meet the disclosure requirements for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  Disclosures are as follows in the tables below.

Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

			Quoted Prices
			In Active
			Markets for		Significant Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Description	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
U.S. treasury notes	$	4,001	$	—	$	4,001	$	—
U. S. government agencies		31,227		—		31,227		—
States and political subdivisions		54,045		—		54,045		—
Mortgage-backed - residential		114,133		—		114,133		—
Mortgage-backed-commercial		79,102		—		79,102		—
Asset-backed		15,461		—		15,461		—
Other Assets		287		287		—		—
Total	$	298,256	$	287	$	297,969	$	—

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

			Quoted Prices
			In Active
			Markets for		Significant Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Description	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
U.S. treasury notes	$	3,975	$	—	$	3,975	$	—
U. S. government agencies		41,178		—		41,178		—
States and political subdivisions		64,204		—		64,204		—
Mortgage-backed - residential		147,249		—		147,249		—
Mortgage-backed - commercial		48,563		—		48,563		—
Asset-backed		10,200		—		10,200		—
Other Assets		284		284		—		—
Total	$	315,653	$	284	$	315,369	$	—

There were no transfers between level 1 and level 2 during 2019 or 2018.

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Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2019 Using :
				Quoted Prices
				In Active
				Markets for		Significant Other		Significant
				Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	Value			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Description
Impaired loans:
1-4 family residential	$	1,236	$	—	$	—	$		1,236
Other real estate owned, net:
Commercial		246		—		—			246
Agricultural		233		—		—			233
Mortgage servicing rights		412		—		—			412

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using :
				Quoted Prices
				In Active
				Markets for		Significant Other	Significant
				Identical		Observable	Unobservable
	Carrying			Assets		Inputs	Inputs
(In thousands)	Value			(Level 1)		(Level 2)	(Level 3)
Description
Impaired loans:
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 family residential	$	993	$	—	$	—	$	993
Other real estate owned, net:
Commercial		246		—		—		246
Mortgage servicing rights		430		—		—		430

Impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans had a net carrying amount of $1.2 million, which includes a valuation allowance of $19 thousand as of March 31, 2019.  Impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans had a net carrying amount of $993 thousand, with a valuation allowance of $201 thousand at December 31, 2018.    

Four new loans became impaired during the three months ended March 31, 2019 when compared to December 31, 2018 and resulted in additional provision for loan loss expense of $10 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Five new loans became impaired during the three months ended March 31, 2018 which resulted in $44 thousand in additional provision for loan losses expense.  

Other real estate owned measured at fair value less costs to sell had a net carrying amount of $479 thousand, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $924 thousand, net of a valuation allowance of $445 thousand as of March 31, 2019. Other real estate owned which was measured at fair value less costs to sell, had a net carrying amount of $246 thousand, which was made up of the outstanding balance of $653 thousand, net of a valuation allowance of $407 thousand at December 31, 2018.   The Company recorded $38 thousand in write-downs of other real estate owned properties for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Impaired mortgage servicing rights, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, were carried at their fair value of $412 thousand, which was made up of the outstanding balance of $456 thousand net of a valuation allowance of $44 thousand as of March 31, 2019.  Impaired mortgage servicing rights, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, were carried at their fair value of $430 thousand, which was made up of the outstanding balance of $469 thousand, net of a valuation allowance of $39 thousand as of December 31, 2018 .  For the first three months of 2019, the Company recorded net writedowns of $6 thousand.  For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded net recoveries of prior write-downs of $56 thousand.

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The following table presents quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

					Range
March 31, 2019		Fair	Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
(In thousands)		Value	Technique(s)	Input(s)	Average)
Impaired loans
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential	$	1,236	sales comparison	adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	(16)% - 6%	(5)%
Other real estate owned:
Commercial		246	income approach	capitalization rate	10% - 10%	(10)%
Agricultural		233	sales comparison	adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	(29)% - 41%	(13)%
Mortgage servicing rights		412	discounted cash flow	constant prepayment rates	7% - 25%	(10)%

					Range
December 31, 2018		Fair	Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
(In thousands)		Value	Technique(s)	Input(s)	Average)
Impaired loans
Real estate mortgage:
1-4 family residential	$	1,494	sales comparison	adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	(16)% - 6%	(5)%
Other real estate owned:
Commercial		246	income approach	capitalization rate	10% - 10%	(10)%
Mortgage servicing rights		430	discounted cash flow	constant prepayment rates	7% - 25%	(9)%

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

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March 31, 2019:

	Carrying
(in thousands)	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	37,906	$	37,906	$	—	$	—	$	37,906
Interest bearing time deposits		2,175		2,175		—		—		2,175
Securities available for sale		297,969		—		297,969		—		297,969
Loans held for sale		1,282		—		1,296		—		1,296
Net Loans		679,602		—		—		668,580		668,580
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		7,034		—		—		—		N/A
Interest receivable		4,177		—		1,337		2,840		4,177
Financial liabilities
Total deposits	$	844,138	$	640,620	$	201,652	$	—	$	842,272
Repurchase agreements		6,604		—		6,549		—		6,549
Short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		11,400		—		11,398		—		11,398
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		90,347		—		88,166		—		88,166
Note payable		2,592				2,740				2,740
Subordinated debentures		7,217		—		—		7,216		7,216
Interest payable		902		—		886		16		902

December 31, 2018:
	Carrying
(in thousands)	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	26,101	$	26,101	$	—	$	—	$	26,101
Interest bearing time deposits		2,175		2,175		—		—		2,175
Securities available for sale		315,369		—		315,369		—		315,369
Loans held for sale		1,203		—		1,224		—		1,224
Net Loans		678,017		—		—		666,942		666,942
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		7,034		—		—		—		N/A
Interest receivable		4,150		—		1,346		2,804		4,150
Financial liabilities
Total deposits	$	850,442	$	620,885	$	226,734	$	—	$	847,619
Repurchase agreements		8,077		—		8,009		—		8,009
Short-term Federal Home Loan advances		11,600		—		11,592		—		11,592
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances		88,852		—		84,983		—		84,983
Note payable		2,718		—		2,841		—		2,841
Subordinated debentures		7,217		—		—		7,213		7,213
Interest payable		893		—		877		16		893

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.

Interest Bearing Deposits - The carrying amounts of interest bearing deposits approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.

FHLB Stock - It is not practical to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

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Loans - Fair values of loans are estimated based on discounted cash flows of portfolios of loans with similar credit quality and financial characteristics including the type of loan, interest terms and repayment history. The Company calculates a fair value by using a net present value of scheduled cash flows methodology incorporating estimated maturities using estimated market discount rates. Estimated market discount rates are reflective of market rates for similarly offered products, market interest rate projections, credit spreads and prepayment assumptions. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the fair value of loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are based on the notion of exit price.

The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts and quotes from third party investors resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Deposits - The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, passbook savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting in a Level 1 classification.  The carrying amounts of variable rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date resulting in a Level 1 classification.  Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flows calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Borrowings - The carrying amounts of borrowings under repurchase agreements approximate their fair values resulting in a Level 2 classification.

The carrying amount of the Company’s variable rate borrowings approximate their fair values resulting in a Level 2 classification.

FHLB Advances, Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures - The fair values of the Company’s FHLB advances and other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.

The fair values of the Company’s Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 3 classification.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable - The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a Level 2 or Level 3 classification based on the level of the related asset/liability.

Off-balance Sheet Instruments - Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.  The fair value of off-balance sheet instruments is not material.

10.LEASES

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Leases (Topic 842) establishes a right of use model that requires a lessee to record a right of use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms longer 12 months.  As of March 31, 2019, the Company is obligated under six operating leases, three of which are for building leases and three of which are for land leases, with terms extending through 2078. The Company's lease agreements include options to renew at the Company's discretion.

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The extensions are reasonably certain to be exercised, therefore they were considered in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability.

	Statement of
	Financial Condition
	Location	March 31, 2019
			(in thousands)
Operating Lease Right of Use Asset:
Gross Carrying Amount		$	6,373
Accumulated Amortization			(111)
Net Book Value	Operating lease right of use asset	$	6,262
Operating Lease Liabilities
Right of use lease obligations	Operating lease liability	$	6,262

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 29.7 years and the weighted- average discount rate used in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was 3.96%. The Company utilized the FHLB fixed rate advance rate as of December 31, 2018 for the term most closely aligning with the remaining lease term.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
		(in thousands)
Lease Cost:
Operating lease cost	$	111
Total lease cost	$	111
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	130

Maturity analysis of liabilities under operating leases with terms longer than 12 months, are as follows at March 31, 2019:

	As of March 31, 2019
		(in thousands)
Twelve months ended March 31,
2020	$	454
2021		463
2022		468
2023		482
2024		426
Thereafter		11,503
Total undiscounted lease payments	$	13,796
Amounts representing interest		(7,534)
Lease liability	$	6,262

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Item 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion provides information about the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates and periods indicated.  This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report and the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

This discussion contains forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties.  We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the federal securities laws. These statements are not historical facts, but rather statements based on our current expectations regarding our business strategies and their intended results and our future performance.  Forward-looking statements are preceded by terms such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “potential,” “may,” and similar expressions.

Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements included herein will prove to be accurate.  Factors that could cause actual results to differ from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:  economic conditions (both generally and more specifically in the markets, including the tobacco market and the thoroughbred horse industry, in which we and our Bank operate); competition for our subsidiary’s customers from other providers of financial and mortgage services; government legislation, regulation and monetary policy (which changes from time to time and over which we have no control); changes in interest rates (both generally and more specifically mortgage interest rates); ability to successfully gain regulatory approval when required; material unforeseen changes in the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of our subsidiary’s customers; adequacy of the allowance for losses on loans and the level of future provisions for losses on loans; future acquisitions, changes in technology, information security breaches or cyber security attacks involving the Company, its subsidiaries, or third-party service providers; and other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control.

As a result of the uncertainties and the assumptions on which this discussion and the forward-looking statements are based, actual future operations and results in the future may differ materially from those indicated herein.  You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf.  Our forward-looking statements are made as of the date of the report, and we undertake no obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Summary

The Company recorded net income of $2.8 million, or $0.47 basic earnings and diluted earnings per share for the first three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $3.1 million or $0.53 basic earnings and diluted earnings per share for the three month period ended March 31, 2018.  The first three months net earnings reflect a decrease when compared to the same time period in 2018 although net interest income increased.  Net interest income increased $145 thousand, or 1.6%, and the provision for loan losses increased $125 thousand.  The increase in net interest income was partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income of $51 thousand, or 2%.  The decrease in non-interest income is mostly attributed to a decrease in gain on sale of loans.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, service charges decreased $94 thousand, gain on the sale of loans decreased $167 thousand, and gain on the sale of available for sale securities increased $138 thousand. Salaries and benefits expense increased $197 thousand, data processing fees increased $132 thousand and debit card expenses increased $96 thousand.  

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Return on average assets was 1.04% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 1.20% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Return on average equity was 10.39% for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 and 12.73% for the three month period ended March 31, 2018. 

Securities available for sale decreased $17.4 million from $315.4 million at December 31, 2018 to $298.0 million at March 31, 2019. 

Gross Loans increased $1.4 million from $686.1 million on December 31, 2018 to $687.5 million at March 31, 2019.

The overall increase in loan balances from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 is comprised of the following: an increase of $4.4 million in 1-4 family residential loans, an increase of $2.1 million in commercial loans, a decrease of $969 thousand in multi-family residential loans, a decrease of $1.2 million in agricultural loans, an increase of $720 thousand in non-farm and non-residential loans, a decrease of $42 thousand in consumer loans, and a decrease of $3.6 million in real-estate construction loans. Other loan balances decreased $39 thousand from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019. 

Total deposits decreased from $850.4 million on December 31, 2018 to $844.1 million on March 31, 2019, a decrease of $6.3 million. Time deposits $250 thousand and over decreased $15.1 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 while non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts increased $10.0 million and other interest bearing deposit accounts decreased $1.2 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019. 

Public fund account balances decreased $26.0 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Public fund accounts typically decrease during the first three quarters of the year and increase during the last quarter of the year due to tax payments collected during the fourth quarter and then withdrawn from the Bank during subsequent months. 

Borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank increased $1.3 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019,  repurchase agreements decreased $1.5 million and the note payable decreased $126 thousand.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

Net interest income was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of 1.7%. 

The interest spread, excluding tax equivalent adjustments, was 3.27% for the first three months of 2019 compared to 3.48% for the first three months of 2018.  For the first three months in 2019, the yield on interest earning assets increased from 4.14% in 2018 to 4.49% in 2019, excluding tax equivalent adjustments.  

The yield on loans, excluding tax equivalent adjustments, increased seventeen basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 4.98% to 5.15%. The yield on securities, excluding tax equivalent adjustments, increased twenty-six basis points during the first three months of 2019 compared to 2018 from 2.65% in 2018 to 2.91% in 2019.  The cost of liabilities was 1.22% for the first three months in 2019 compared to 0.60% in 2018.  

Year to date average loans, excluding overdrafts, increased $34.1 million, or 5.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.  Loan interest income increased $788 thousand during the first three months of 2019 compared to the first three months of 2018.  Year to date average total deposits increased from March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 by $24.8 million or 3.0%.  Year to date average interest bearing deposits increased $15.7 million, or 2.6%, from March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.  Deposit interest expense increased $690 thousand for the first three months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  Year to date average borrowings, including repurchase agreements, increased $2.8 million, or 2.6%, from March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.  Interest expense on borrowed funds, including repurchase agreements, increased $124 thousand for the first three months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  

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The volume rate analysis for the three months ended March 31, 2019 indicates that $358 thousand of the increase in loan interest income is attributable to an increase in loan rates and the increase of $149 thousand in securities interest income is attributable primarily to increases in rates of our security portfolio.  Much of the increase in loan income is attributed to variable rate loans repricing at higher rates.  Further, an increase in loan volume caused an increase of $430 thousand in interest income. The net effect to interest income was an increase of $959 thousand for the first three months of 2019 compared to the same time period in 2018.

Also based on the following volume rate analysis for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase in demand deposit interest rates resulted in $385 thousand additional interest expense, interest paid for savings deposits remained flat, and increases in interest rates paid for time deposits resulted in additional interest expense of $276 thousand. The change in volume in deposits and borrowings was responsible for a $23 thousand decrease in interest expense, of which an increase in demand deposits resulted in an increase of $4 thousand in interest expense, an increase in time deposits resulted in an increase of $25 thousand in interest expense, a decrease in repurchase agreements resulted in a decrease of $73 thousand in interest expense, and an increase in other borrowings resulted in an increase of $21 thousand in interest expense.  The net effect to interest expense was an increase of $814 thousand.  As a result, the increase in net interest income for the first three months in 2019 is mostly attributed to increasing rates.

Changes in Interest Income and Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019 vs. 2018
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in
(in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Net Change
INTEREST INCOME
Loans	$	430	$	358	$	788
Investment Securities		(615)		762		147
Other		(273)		297		24
Total Interest Income		(458)		1,417		959
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits
Demand		4		385		389
Savings		—		—		—
Negotiable Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposits		25		276		301
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings		(73)		89		16
Federal Home Loan
Bank advances		21		87		108
Total Interest Expense		(23)		837		814
Net Interest Income	$	(435)	$	580	$	145

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income decreased $51 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, to $3.0 million.  

Favorable variances to non-interest income for the first three months of 2019 include an increase of $138 thousand in gain on sale of available for sale securities, $79 thousand in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance, an increase of $13 thousand in trust department income, an increase of $21 thousand in loan net service fee income and an increase of $27 thousand in debit card interchange income.  Decreases to non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 include a decrease of $94 thousand in service charge income, a decrease of $73 thousand in brokerage income and a decrease of $167 thousand in gain on sale of loans.   

The gain on the sale of loans decreased from $374 thousand during the first three months of 2018 to $207 thousand during the first three months of 2019, a decrease of $167 thousand.  

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The volume of loans originated to sell during the first three months of 2019 decreased $2.9 million compared to the same time period in 2018.  The volume of mortgage loan originations and sales is generally inverse to rate changes.  A change in the mortgage loan rate environment can have a significant impact on the related gain on sale of mortgage loans.  Loan service fee income, net of amortization and impairment expense, was $73 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $52 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $21 thousand.  During the first three months of 2019, the market value adjustment to the carrying value of the mortgage servicing right was a net writedown of $6 thousand, as the fair value of this asset decreased.  During the first three months of 2018, the market value adjustment to the carrying value of the mortgage servicing right asset was a net recovery of prior write-downs of $56 thousand, as the fair value of the mortgage servicing asset increased. 

Non-Interest Expense

Total non-interest expense increased $475 thousand, or 5.7%, for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  Management continues to consider opportunities for branch expansion and will also consider acquisition opportunities that help advance its strategic objectives, which would result in additional future non-interest expense.  Our most recent expansion involves constructing a new branch in Lexington, KY on the corner of Man-O-War Boulevard and Polo Club Boulevard. We believe this location to be a key position given its proximity to new households and an ever expanding retail district. We anticipate the new branch to be open by the end of 2019 or early 2020.  In addition, On May 2, 2019, we issued a notice of intent to establish a full service branch at 4161 Tates Creek Centre Drive in Lexington, Kentucky.  This location is in an existing retail shopping center and is subject to regulatory approval.

For the comparable three month periods, salaries and employees benefits expense increased $197 thousand, an increase of 4.4%.  The number of full-time employee equivalent employees decreased from 232 at March 31, 2018 to 230 at March 31, 2019, a decrease of two full-time equivalent employees.  

Occupancy expense remained steady, increasing just $1 thousand to $981 thousand for the first three months of 2018 compared to the same time period in 2017.

Debit card expenses increased $96 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the first three months of 2018.  The increase in debit card expense is attributed to an increase in debit card interchange activity which also resulted in increases in debit card interchange income as shown on the income statement. 

Data processing expense increased $132 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the first three months of 2018.  The increase in data processing expense is due to additional services obtained from vendors.

Repossession expense increased $38 thousand for the first three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same time period in 2018.  The increase is attributed to a fair value adjustment of $38 thousand that was recorded in the first quarter of 2019.   Repossession expenses are reported net of rental income earned on repossessed properties.  

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 7.8% compared to 11.4% in 2018.  The effective tax rate is lower in 2019 due to taxable income decreasing.  These effective tax rates are less than the statutory rate as a result of the Company investing in tax-free securities, loans and other investments which generate tax credits for the Company.  On December 22, 2017, the ‘Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’ was enacted into legislation. As a result, the 2019 statutory tax rate for the Company is 21% compared to 34% in years prior to 2018.

The Company also has a captive insurance subsidiary which contributes to reducing taxable income.  Income tax expense decreased $169 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the first three months in 2018.  Tax-exempt interest income decreased $180 thousand for the first three months of 2019 compared to the first three months of 2018.  Further, for the first three months of 2019, the Company had tax credits totaling $138 thousand for investments made in low income housing projects compared to similar tax credits of $139 for the first three months of 2018. 

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As part of normal business, the Bank typically makes tax free loans to select municipalities in our market and invests in selected tax free securities, primarily in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.  In making these investments, the Company considers the overall impact to managing our net interest margin, credit worthiness of the underlying issuer and the favorable impact on our tax position.  For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company averaged $46.6 million in tax free securities and $37.9 million in tax free loans.  As of March 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining maturity for the tax free securities is 96 months, while the weighted average remaining maturity for the tax free loans is 144 months.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company averaged $60.1 million in tax free securities, and $38.2 million in tax free loans.  As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average remaining maturity for the tax free securities is 115 months, while the weighted average remaining maturity for the tax free loans is 149 months.  

On March 26, 2019, Governor Bevin signed House Bill 354 into law which, among other things, repealed the bank franchise tax structure in Kentucky.  The capital based franchise tax structure will be replaced with the state-wide corporate income tax structure starting in 2021.  Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. has historically filed a separate return in Kentucky,  and has generated a Kentucky net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward, given the nature of its operations.   Given House Bill 354, Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. will file a combined return in 2021, unless the Company decides to timely elect to file on a consolidated basis.

On April 9, 2019, Governor Bevin signed House Bill 458 into law which, among other things, allows a taxpayer to utilize certain net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards to offset other members in the combined filing group starting in 2021.  As a result of this tax law change, we anticipate booking a deferred tax asset of $380 thousand in the second quarter of 2019 for these NOL’s.

Liquidity and Funding

Liquidity is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations.  The Company’s primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, maturities and sales of investment securities and Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings.

Liquidity risk is the possibility that we may not be able to meet our cash requirements in an orderly manner.  Management of liquidity risk includes maintenance of adequate cash and sources of cash to fund operations and to meet the needs of borrowers, depositors and creditors.  Excess liquidity has a negative impact on earnings as a result of the lower yields on short-term assets.

Cash and cash equivalents were $37.9 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $26.1 million at December 31, 2018.  The increase in cash and cash equivalents is attributed to an increase of $11.8 million in cash and due from banks.

In addition to cash and cash equivalents, the securities portfolio provides an important source of liquidity.  Securities available for sale totaled $298.0 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $315.4 million at December 31, 2018.  The securities available for sale are available to meet liquidity needs on a continuing basis.  However, we expect our customers’ deposits to be adequate to meet our funding demands.

Generally, we rely upon net cash inflows from financing activities, supplemented by net cash inflows from operating activities, to provide cash used in our investing activities.  As is typical of many financial institutions, significant financing activities include deposit gathering and the use of short-term borrowings, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements along with long-term debt.  Our primary investing activities include purchasing investment securities and loan originations.

For the first three months of 2019, deposits decreased $6.3 million compared to December 31, 2018.  The Company’s borrowed funds from the Federal Home Loan Bank increased $1.3 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, federal funds purchased remained at zero, and total repurchase agreements decreased $1.5 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.

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Management is aware of the challenge of funding sustained loan growth.  Therefore, in addition to deposits, other sources of funds, such as Federal Home Loan Bank advances, may be used.  We rely on Federal Home Loan Bank advances for both liquidity and asset/liability management purposes.  These advances are used primarily to fund long-term fixed rate residential mortgage loans.  As of March 31, 2019, we have sufficient collateral to borrow an additional $71.5 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank. 

In addition, as of March 31, 2019, $38 million is available in overnight borrowing through various correspondent banks and the Company has access to an additional $276 million available in brokered deposits.  In light of this, management believes there is sufficient liquidity to meet all reasonable borrower, depositor and creditor needs in the present economic environment.

Capital Requirements

In August 2018, the Federal Reserve Board issued an interim final ruling that holding companies with assets less than $3 billion are not subject to minimum capital requirements. As a result, only Bank capital data and capital ratios are presented as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for US banks (Basel III rules) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and was fully phased in on January 1, 2019. Under the Basell III rules, the Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% for 2019. The capital conservation buffer for 2019 is 2.50% and was 1.875% for 2018. The net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital.

Management believes as of March 31, 2019, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of Total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to riskweighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital to average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restortation plans are required. At March 31, 2019 and at December 31, 2018, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table.  There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

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The Bank’s actual amounts and ratios, exclusive of the capital conservation buffer, are presented in the following table:

									To Be Well
									Capitalized
									Under Prompt
					For Capital				Corrective
	Actual				Adequacy Purposes				Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
March 31, 2019
Bank Only
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	106,562	14.9	%	$	57,335	8.0	%	$	71,668	10.0	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)		98,605	13.8			43,001	6.0			57,335	8.0
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)		98,605	13.8			32,251	4.5			46,584	6.5
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)		98,605	9.2			42,779	4.0			53,473	5.0
December 31, 2018
Bank Only
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	105,345	14.7	%	$	57,496	8.0	%	$	71,870	10.0	%
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)		97,143	13.5			43,122	6.0			57,496	8.0
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)		97,143	13.5			32,341	4.5			46,715	6.5
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets)		97,143	9.2			42,348	4.0			53,047	5.0

Non-Performing Assets

As of March 31, 2019, our non-performing assets totaled $3.1 million or 0.28% of assets compared to $3.2 million or 0.29% of assets at December 31, 2018 (See table below.)  The Company experienced an increase of $127 thousand in non-accrual loans from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.  As of March 31, 2019, non-accrual loans include $374 thousand in loans secured by construction real estate, $249 thousand in loans secured by farmland, $65 thousand in loans secured by non-farm non-residential property, $554 thousand in loans secured by 1-4 family properties and $26 thousand in consumer loans.  

Loans secured by real estate composed 98.8% of the non-performing loans as of March 31, 2019 and 90.6% as of December 31, 2018.  Forgone interest income on non-accrual loans totaled $31 thousand for the first three months of 2019 compared to forgone interest of $15 thousand for the same time period in 2018.  Accruing loans that are contractually 90 days or more past due as of March 31, 2019 totaled $945 thousand compared to $1.2 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $237 thousand. Total nonperforming and restructured loans decreased $110 thousand from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.  The decrease in non-performing loan balances contributed to the decrease in the ratio of nonperforming and restructured loans to loans which decreased 2 basis points to 0.32% from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.

In addition, the amount the Company has recorded as other real estate owned increased $22 thousand from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.  As of March 31, 2019, the amount recorded as other real estate owned totaled $852 thousand compared to $830 thousand at December 31, 2018.  During the first three months of 2019, two new additions were added to other real estate properties and $12 thousand in other real estate properties were sold.  The allowance as a percentage of non-performing and restructured loans and other real estate owned decreased from 258% at December 31, 2018 to 257% at March 31, 2019.

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Nonperforming and Restructured Assets

	3/31/2019			12/31/2018
	(in thousands)
Non-accrual Loans	$	1,268		$	1,141
Accruing Loans which are Contractually past due over 89 days		945			1,182
Accruing Troubled Debt Restructurings		—			—
Total Nonperforming and Restructured Loans		2,213			2,323
Other Real Estate		852			830
Total Nonperforming and Restructured Loans and Other Real Estate	$	3,065		$	3,153
Nonperforming and Restructured Loans as a Percentage of Loans		0.32	%		0.34	%
Nonperforming and Restructured Loans and Other Real Estate as a Percentage of Total Assets		0.28	%		0.29	%
Allowance as a Percentage of Period-end Loans		1.15	%		1.18	%
Allowance as a Percentage of Non-performing and Restructured Loans and Other Real Estate		257	%		258	%

We maintain a “watch list” of agricultural, commercial, real estate mortgage, and real estate construction loans and review those loans at least quarterly but more often if needed.  Generally, assets are designated as “watch list” loans to ensure more frequent monitoring.  If we determine that there is serious doubt as to performance in accordance with original terms of the contract, then the loan is generally downgraded and often placed on non-accrual status.

We review and evaluate nonaccrual loans, past due loans, and loans graded substandard or worse on a regular basis to determine if the loan should be evaluated for impairment and whether specific allocations are needed.

Provision for Loan Losses

The loan loss provision for the first three months of 2019 was $125 thousand compared to $0 for the first three months of 2018.  The increase in the total loan loss provision during the first three months of 2019 compared to the same time period in 2018 is attributed to the Company recording net recoveries of $185 thousand during the first quarter of 2018.  The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans was 1.15% at March 31, 2019 compared to 1.22% at March 31, 2018.  

Management evaluates the loan portfolio by reviewing the historical loss rate for each respective loan type and assigns risk multiples to certain categories to account for qualitative factors including current economic conditions.  The average loss rates are reviewed for trends in the analysis, as well as comparisons to peer group loss rates.

Management makes allocations within the allowance for loan losses for specifically classified loans regardless of loan amount, collateral or loan type.  Loan categories are evaluated utilizing subjective factors in addition to the historical loss calculations to determine a loss allocation for each of those types. As this analysis, or any similar analysis, is an imprecise measure of loss, the allowance is subject to ongoing adjustments.  Therefore, management will often take into account other significant factors that may be necessary or prudent in order to reflect probable incurred losses in the total loan portfolio.

Nonperforming loans and restructured loans decreased $110 thousand from December 31, 2018 to $2.2 million at March 31, 2019.  The Company recorded net charge-offs of $370 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net recoveries of $185 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  The net charge-offs of $370 thousand recorded during the first three months of 2019 were mostly attributed to one loan which had a charged-off balance of $191 thousand during the first quarter of 2019.  This loan had a specific reserve of $191 thousand at December 31, 2018; thus, this charged-off balance did not result in additional loan loss provision expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The net recoveries recorded during the first quarter of 2018 were attributed to the Company recording a recovery of $246 thousand for one loan which was charged-off in a prior year.  Future levels of charge-offs will be determined by the particular facts and circumstances surrounding individual loans.

Based on the above information, management believes the current loan loss allowance is sufficient to meet probable incurred loan losses.

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Loan Losses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(in thousands)
		2019			2018
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	8,127		$	7,720
Amounts Charged-Off:
Commercial		191			—
1-4 family residential		99			61
Non-farm & non-residential		17			—
Consumer and other		302			243
Total Charged-off Loans		609			304
Recoveries on Amounts Previously Charged-off:
Commercial		7			—
1-4 family residential		8			257
Multi-family residential		—			3
Agricultural		1			23
Consumer and other		223			206
Total Recoveries		239			489
Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)		370			(185)
Provision for Loan Losses		125			—
Balance at End of Period		7,882			7,905
Loans
Average		685,928			652,212
At March 31,		687,484			649,845
As a Percentage of Average Loans:
Net Charge-offs for the period		0.05	%		(0.03)	%
Provision for Loan Losses for the period		0.02	%		—	%
Allowance as a Multiple of Net Charge-offs annualized		5.3			(10.7)

Item 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Asset/Liability management control is designed to ensure safety and soundness, maintain liquidity and regulatory capital standards, and achieve acceptable net interest income.  Management considers interest rate risk to be the most significant market risk since a bank’s net income is largely dependent on net interest income.  Our exposure to market risk is reviewed on a regular basis by the Asset/Liability Committee.  Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. 

These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values.  The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk, while at the same time, maximize income.

Management realizes certain risks are inherent and that the goal is to identify and minimize the risks.  The primary tools used by management are interest rate shock and economic value of equity (EVE) simulations. 

Using interest rate shock simulations, the following table depicts the change in net interest income resulting from 100 and 300 basis point changes in rates on the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

The projections are based on balance sheet growth assumptions and repricing opportunities for new, maturing and adjustable rate amounts.  As of March 31, 2019, the projected percentage changes are within limits approved by our Board of Directors (“Board”).

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Although management does analyze and monitor the projected percentage change in a declining interest rate environment, due to the current rate environment many of the current deposit rates cannot decline an additional 100 basis points.  Therefore, management places more emphasis in the rising rate environment scenarios.  Similar to prior periods, this period’s volatility is comparable in each rate shock simulation when compared to the same period a year ago.

Our projected interest rate sensitivity as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 is as follows:

March 31, 2019:

				Level
Change in basis points:	- 100			Rates		+ 100		+ 300
Year One (4/19-3/20)
Net interest income percentage change		(3.6)	%		N/A	1.0	%		2.0	%
Board approved limit		> (6.0)	%		N/A	> (6.0)	%		> (13.0)	%

March 31, 2018:

				Level
Change in basis points:	- 100			Rates		+ 100		+ 300
Year One (4/18-3/19)
Net interest income percentage change		(2.5)	%		N/A	0.7	%		0.8	%
Board approved limit		>(4.0)	%		N/A	>(4.0)	%		>(10.0)	%

Projections from March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, year one reflected declines of 3.6% and 2.5% in net interest income assuming rates were to decline 100 basis points.  Assuming an increase in rates of 100 basis points, projections  reflected a 1.0% increase in net interest income as of March 31, 2019 and a 0.7% increase as of March 31, 2018.

EVE applies discounting techniques to future cash flows to determine the present value of assets, liabilities, and therefore equity.  Based upon applying these techniques to March 31, 2019,  balance sheet, a 100 basis point decrease in rates results in a 5.6% decrease in EVE.  A 100 basis point increase in rates results in a 2.1% increase in EVE.  These are within the Board approved limits.

Item 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, and pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act).  Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in all material respects, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

We also conducted an evaluation of internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on this evaluation, there has been no such change during the quarter covered by this report.

Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

	(a)			(c) Total Number	(d) Maximum Number
	Total	(b)		of Shares (or Units)	(or Approximate Dollar
	Number of	Average		Purchased as Part	Value) of Shares (or
	Shares (or	Price Paid		of Publicly	Units) that May Yet Be
	Units)	Per Share		Announced Plans	Purchased Under the
Period	Purchased	(or Unit)		Or Programs	Plans or Programs
1/1/19-1/31/19	—	$	—	—	201,824 shares
2/1/19-2/28-19	—		—	—	201,824 shares
3/1/19-3/31/19	—		—	—	201,824 shares
Total	—	$	—	—	201,824 shares

On October 25, 2000, we announced that our Board approved a stock repurchase program and authorized the Company to purchase up to 200,000 shares of its outstanding common stock.  On November 11, 2002, the Board approved and authorized the Company’s repurchase of an additional 200,000 shares.  On May 20, 2008, the Board of Directors approved and authorized the Company to purchase an additional 200,000 shares.  On May 17, 2011, the Board approved and authorized the Company’s repurchase of an additional 200,000 shares.  On November 18, 2016, the Board of Directors approved and authorized the Company’s repurchase of an additional 100,000 shares.  Shares will be purchased from time to time in the open market depending on market prices and other considerations.  Through March 31, 2019, 698,176 shares have been purchased.

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Item 6.     Exhibits

Ay
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger with Peoples Bancorp of Sandy Hook is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed February 24, 2006.
2.2	Agreement and Plan of Share Exchange with Madison Financial Corporation is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed January 21, 2015.
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2000 and filed May 15, 2000.
3.2	Bylaws of the Registrant are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed November 21, 2007.
3.3	Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Annual Report of Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 and filed March 29, 2006.
31.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

       101 INS XBRL Instance Document

       101 SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document

       101 CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

       101 DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

       101 LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

       101 PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document   

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		KENTUCKY BANCSHARES, INC.
Date	5/10/19	/s/Louis Prichard
		Louis Prichard, President and C.E.O.
Date	5/10/19	/s/Gregory J. Dawson
		Gregory J. Dawson, Chief Financial Officer

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