Fair value of financial instruments | Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for financial instruments classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2022 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter. As at July 31, 2023 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 81,356 $ – $ – $ 6,294 $ 6,294 $ 87,650 $ 87,650 Securities Trading 165,913 10,690 – – – – 176,603 176,603 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 116,382 942 78,698 72,692 196,022 190,016 165,913 10,690 116,382 942 78,698 72,692 372,625 366,619 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 296,430 – – – 50,721 50,721 347,151 347,151 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 94 378 277 – 557,876 534,243 558,625 534,992 Wholesale 5,851 3,069 571 – 267,598 261,382 277,089 270,873 5,945 3,447 848 – 825,474 795,625 835,714 805,865 Other Derivatives 115,914 – – – – – 115,914 115,914 Other assets (1) 4,365 5 – – 61,594 61,594 65,964 65,964 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 309 $ 26,452 $ 407,286 $ 405,156 $ 434,047 $ 431,917 Business and government (2) 201 139,696 596,833 595,211 736,730 735,108 Bank (3) – 10,517 34,377 34,323 44,894 44,840 510 176,665 1,038,496 1,034,690 1,215,671 1,211,865 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 36,653 – – – 36,653 36,653 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 301,752 32,713 32,713 334,465 334,465 Derivatives 117,244 – – – 117,244 117,244 Other liabilities (4) (877 ) 19 89,225 89,193 88,367 88,335 Subordinated debentures – – 11,202 11,072 11,202 11,072 As at October 31, 2022 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 84,468 $ – $ – $ 23,543 $ 23,543 $ 108,011 $ 108,011 Securities Trading 138,507 9,698 – – – – 148,205 148,205 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 92,063 828 77,127 70,073 170,018 162,964 138,507 9,698 92,063 828 77,127 70,073 318,223 311,169 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and 264,665 – – – 53,180 53,180 317,845 317,845 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 73 375 218 – 546,767 521,428 547,433 522,094 Wholesale 6,914 3,222 563 – 261,833 253,816 272,532 264,515 6,987 3,597 781 – 808,600 775,244 819,965 786,609 Other Derivatives 154,439 – – – – – 154,439 154,439 Other assets (1) 3,377 – – – 73,084 73,084 76,461 76,461 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 298 $ 21,959 $ 382,675 $ 380,396 $ 404,932 $ 402,653 Business and government (2) 447 152,119 607,304 605,102 759,870 757,668 Bank (3) – 7,196 36,816 36,758 44,012 43,954 745 181,274 1,026,795 1,022,256 1,208,814 1,204,275 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 35,511 – – – 35,511 35,511 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 248,835 25,112 25,112 273,947 273,947 Derivatives 153,491 – – – 153,491 153,491 Other liabilities (4) (360 ) 69 90,348 90,160 90,057 89,869 Subordinated debentures – – 10,025 9,668 10,025 9,668 (1) Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets. (2) Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks. (3) Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks. (4) Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities. Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value hierarchy As at July 31, 2023 October 31, 2022 Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments (Millions of Canadian dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 81,356 $ – $ $ 81,356 $ – $ 84,468 $ – $ $ 84,468 Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 18,595 2,067 – 20,662 15,024 3,779 – 18,803 Provincial and municipal – 14,148 – 14,148 – 13,257 – 13,257 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1), (2) 3,507 48,288 – 51,795 1,254 35,570 4 36,828 Other OECD government (3) 2,919 2,790 – 5,709 1,325 3,452 – 4,777 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 Asset-backed securities Non-CDO (4) – 1,239 – 1,239 – 1,308 2 1,310 Corporate debt and other debt – 22,767 – 22,767 – 21,162 7 21,169 Equities 55,847 2,255 2,179 60,281 46,592 3,593 1,874 52,059 80,868 93,556 2,179 176,603 64,195 82,123 1,887 148,205 Investment Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 1,175 3,659 – 4,834 1,226 2,555 – 3,781 Provincial and municipal – 2,582 – 2,582 – 2,124 – 2,124 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) 102 62,377 – 62,479 440 43,918 – 44,358 Other OECD government – 6,417 – 6,417 – 5,144 – 5,144 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2,521 30 2,551 – 2,860 28 2,888 Asset-backed securities CDO – 7,618 – 7,618 – 7,524 – 7,524 Non-CDO – 432 – 432 – 524 – 524 Corporate debt and other debt – 29,328 141 29,469 – 25,569 151 25,720 Equities 37 474 431 942 36 395 397 828 1,314 115,408 602 117,324 1,702 90,613 576 92,891 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed – 296,430 – 296,430 – 264,665 – 264,665 Loans – 7,929 2,311 10,240 – 9,673 1,692 11,365 Other Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 35,685 237 35,922 – 39,804 263 40,067 Foreign exchange contracts – 65,792 7 65,799 – 99,424 13 99,437 Credit derivatives – 298 – 298 – 388 – 388 Other contracts 2,811 13,327 98 16,236 3,939 14,786 62 18,787 Valuation adjustments – (1,484 ) 3 (1,481 ) – (2,100 ) 45 (2,055 ) Total gross derivatives 2,811 113,618 345 116,774 3,939 152,302 383 156,624 Netting adjustments (860) (860 ) (2,185) (2,185 ) Total derivatives 115,914 154,439 Other assets 1,453 2,906 11 4,370 1,221 2,141 15 3,377 $ 86,446 $ 711,203 $ 5,448 $ (860) $ 802,237 $ 71,057 $ 685,985 $ 4,553 $ (2,185) $ 759,410 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ – $ 26,480 $ 281 $ $ 26,761 $ – $ 22,016 $ 241 $ $ 22,257 Business and government – 139,897 – 139,897 – 152,566 – 152,566 Bank – 10,517 – 10,517 – 7,196 – 7,196 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 15,005 21,648 – 36,653 16,383 19,128 – 35,511 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 301,752 – 301,752 – 248,835 – 248,835 Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 36,323 869 37,192 – 39,592 1,122 40,714 Foreign exchange contracts – 58,164 53 58,217 – 94,310 145 94,455 Credit derivatives – 109 – 109 – 125 – 125 Other contracts 3,408 19,256 539 23,203 3,847 16,663 847 21,357 Valuation adjustments – (609 ) (8 ) (617 ) – (967 ) (8 ) (975 ) Total gross derivatives 3,408 113,243 1,453 118,104 3,847 149,723 2,106 155,676 Netting adjustments (860) (860 ) (2,185) (2,185 ) Total derivatives 117,244 153,491 Other liabilities 400 (1,258 ) – (858 ) 341 (632 ) – (291 ) $ 18,813 $ 612,279 $ 1,734 $ (860) $ 631,966 $ 20,571 $ 598,832 $ 2,347 $ (2,185) $ 619,565 (1) As at July 31, 2023, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $13,037 million million million (2) United States (U.S.). (3) Organisation for Economic Co-operation (4) Collateralized debt obligation s (CDO). Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments) A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, there were no signifi c Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3 For the three months ended July 31, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO securities – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 19 – – – (16 ) – (3 ) – – Equities 2,177 (37 ) (28 ) 70 (9 ) 6 – 2,179 (13 ) 2,196 (37 ) (28 ) 70 (25 ) 6 (3 ) 2,179 (13 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 27 – 3 – – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 150 – (9 ) – – – – 141 n.a. Equities 436 – (6 ) 1 – – – 431 n.a. 613 – (12 ) 1 – – – 602 n.a. Loans 2,410 (28 ) (58 ) 61 (71 ) 2 (5 ) 2,311 (13 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (638 ) (14 ) 1 1 19 7 (8 ) (632 ) (8 ) Foreign exchange contracts (56 ) 3 (1 ) (9 ) 11 – 6 (46 ) 2 Other contracts (413 ) (43 ) 11 (23 ) 17 (37 ) 47 (441 ) (45 ) Valuation adjustments 16 – – – (5 ) – – 11 – Other assets 13 – – – (2 ) – – 11 – $ 4,141 $ (119 ) $ (87 ) $ 101 $ (56 ) $ (22 ) $ 37 $ 3,995 $ (77 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (250 ) $ 1 $ 1 $ (80 ) $ 13 $ (16 ) $ 50 $ (281 ) $ 5 Other Other liabilities – – – – – – – – – $ (250 ) $ 1 $ 1 $ (80 ) $ 13 $ (16 ) $ 50 $ (281 ) $ 5 For the three months ended July 31, 2022 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 16 $ – $ – $ – $ (6 ) $ – $ – $ 10 $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO securities 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 5 – – – (2 ) 9 – 12 – Equities 1,759 (4 ) (4 ) 84 (16 ) – – 1,819 (5 ) 1,782 (4 ) (4 ) 84 (24 ) 9 – 1,843 (5 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 21 – 1 – – – – 22 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 3 – – – – 152 n.a. Equities 349 – (2 ) 2 – – – 349 n.a. 519 – 2 2 – – – 523 n.a. Loans 782 4 (1 ) 136 (3 ) 9 (33 ) 894 7 Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (663 ) 6 – (7 ) (8 ) 15 2 (655 ) – Foreign exchange contracts 24 (13 ) (2 ) 1 (2 ) 9 10 27 (1 ) Other contracts (436 ) 10 2 (23 ) – 10 42 (395 ) 16 Valuation adjustments 28 – – (7 ) – – – 21 – Other assets 15 – – – – – – 15 – $ 2,051 $ 3 $ (3 ) $ 186 $ (37 ) $ 52 $ 21 $ 2,273 $ 17 Liabilities Deposits $ (157 ) $ 3 $ – $ (7 ) $ 6 $ (39 ) $ 13 $ (181 ) $ 5 Other Other liabilities (3 ) – – – – – – (3 ) – $ (160 ) $ 3 $ – $ (7 ) $ 6 $ (39 ) $ 13 $ (184 ) $ 5 For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 4 $ – $ – $ – $ (4 $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO securities 2 – – – (2 – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 7 – – 2 (16 17 (10 – – Equities 1,874 (159 (34 491 (41 48 – 2,179 (130 1,887 (159 (34 493 (63 65 (10 2,179 (130 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 28 – 1 1 – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 151 – (2 – (8 – – 141 n.a. Equities 397 – 34 1 (1 – – 431 n.a. 576 – 33 2 (9 – – 602 n.a. Loans 1,692 (54 (35 1,300 (452 30 (170 2,311 – Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (859 ) (10 6 (7 194 30 14 (632 (9 Foreign exchange contracts (132 4 10 (8 48 – 32 (46 (2 Other contracts (785 (6 21 (61 83 (96 403 (441 (35 Valuation adjustments 53 – – – (42 – – 11 – Other assets 15 – – – (4 – – 11 – $ 2,447 $ (225 $ 1 $ 1,719 $ (245 $ 29 $ 269 $ 3,995 $ (176 Liabilities Deposits $ (241 $ (26 $ 1 $ (157 $ 19 $ (67 $ 190 $ (281 $ (8 Other Other liabilities – – – – – – – – – $ (241 $ (26 $ 1 $ (157 $ 19 $ (67 $ 190 $ (281 $ (8 ) For the nine months ended July 31, 2022 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 25 $ – $ 1 $ – $ (16 ) $ – $ – $ 10 $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO securities 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 25 (2 ) – – (7 ) 9 (13 ) 12 – Equities 1,530 74 30 245 (61 ) 1 – 1,819 75 1,582 72 31 245 (84 ) 10 (13 ) 1,843 75 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 20 – 2 – – – – 22 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 152 – – – – – – 152 n.a. Equities 334 – 41 10 (1 ) – (35 ) 349 n.a. 506 – 43 10 (1 ) – (35 ) 523 n.a. Loans 1,077 (9 ) (33 ) 353 (465 ) 25 (54 ) 894 (54 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (635 ) (151 ) (2 ) 93 58 15 (33 ) (655 ) 38 Foreign exchange contracts 47 (60 ) (1 ) 22 10 9 – 27 (49 ) Other contracts (393 ) 194 (9 ) (138 ) 48 (183 ) 86 (395 ) 218 Valuation adjustments 20 – – (7 ) (11 ) 19 – 21 – Other assets – – – 15 – – – 15 – $ 2,204 $ 46 $ 29 $ 593 $ (445 ) $ (105 ) $ (49 ) $ 2,273 $ 228 Liabilities Deposits $ (151 ) $ (6 ) $ (1 ) $ (86 ) $ 23 $ (75 ) $ 115 $ (181 ) $ 10 Other Other liabilities (7 ) – – – 4 – – (3 ) – $ (158 ) $ (6 ) $ (1 ) $ (86 ) $ 27 $ (75 ) $ 115 $ (184 ) $ 10 (1) These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains on Investment securities recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) were $3 million (2) Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income. (3) Net derivatives as at July 31, 2023 included derivative assets of $345 million million n.a. not applicable Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation. Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1). During the three months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, there were During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $435 million, Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million, and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $ During the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value. During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 or out of Level 3 to Level 2. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3. During the nine months ended July 31, 2022, significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 included Other contracts due to changes in the market observability of inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, significant transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Loans due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2022, there were no significant transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2. Net interest income from financial instruments Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest income. For the three months ended For the nine months ended (Millions of Canadian dollars) July 31 2023 July 31 2022 July 31 2023 July 31 2022 Interest and dividend income (1), (2) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss $ 8,546 $ 2,879 $ 22,203 $ 5,873 Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 1,383 312 3,439 513 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 12,905 7,546 36,847 19,487 22,834 10,737 62,489 25,873 Interest expense (1) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss 7,531 2,346 20,046 4,292 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 9,017 2,501 23,856 5,146 16,548 4,847 43,902 9,438 Net interest income $ 6,286 $ 5,890 $ 18,587 $ 16,435 (1) Excludes the following amounts related to our insurance operations and included in Insurance premiums, investment and fee income in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income: for the three months million million (2) Includes dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2023 of $803 million |