Fair value of financial instruments | Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for financial instruments classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter. As at January 31, 2024 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 51,812 $ – $ – $ 9,268 $ 9,268 $ 61,080 $ 61,080 Securities Trading 192,679 918 – – – – 193,597 193,597 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 120,281 1,239 90,696 85,727 212,216 207,247 192,679 918 120,281 1,239 90,696 85,727 405,813 400,844 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 292,204 – – – 55,667 55,667 347,871 347,871 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 490 – 390 – 566,006 550,375 566,886 551,255 Wholesale 12,740 1,318 952 – 276,420 271,120 291,430 286,130 13,230 1,318 1,342 – 842,426 821,495 858,316 837,385 Other Derivatives 105,038 – – – – – 105,038 105,038 Other assets (1) 8,892 6 – – 59,389 59,389 68,287 68,287 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 241 $ 28,089 $ 423,859 $ 423,208 $ 452,189 $ 451,538 Business and government (2) 180 151,518 592,074 592,014 743,772 743,712 Bank (3) – 9,401 35,806 35,807 45,207 45,208 421 189,008 1,051,739 1,051,029 1,241,168 1,240,458 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 35,012 – – – 35,012 35,012 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 300,662 33,828 33,828 334,490 334,490 Derivatives 106,974 – – – 106,974 106,974 Other liabilities (4) (1,099 ) 6 84,201 84,356 83,108 83,263 Subordinated debentures – – 11,525 11,511 11,525 11,511 As at October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ – $ 10,230 $ 10,230 $ 71,086 $ 71,086 Securities Trading 180,651 9,500 – – – – 190,151 190,151 Investment, net of applicable – – 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 219,579 212,133 180,651 9,500 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 409,730 402,284 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and 285,869 – – – 54,322 54,322 340,191 340,191 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 114 362 280 – 566,376 542,480 567,132 543,236 Wholesale 5,629 3,619 597 – 275,796 268,843 285,641 278,688 5,743 3,981 877 – 842,172 811,323 852,773 821,924 Other Derivatives 142,450 – – – – – 142,450 142,450 Other assets (1) 7,579 5 – – 68,450 68,450 76,034 76,034 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 109 $ 26,702 $ 415,135 $ 412,886 $ 441,946 $ 439,697 Business and government (2) 174 137,454 607,447 605,260 745,075 742,888 Bank (3) – 11,462 33,204 33,160 44,666 44,622 283 175,618 1,055,786 1,051,306 1,231,687 1,227,207 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 33,651 – – – 33,651 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 298,679 36,559 36,559 335,238 335,238 Derivatives 142,629 – – – 142,629 142,629 Other liabilities (4) (937 ) 11 92,539 92,441 91,613 91,515 Subordinated debentures – – 11,386 11,213 11,386 11,213 (1) Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets. (2) Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks. (3) Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks. (4) Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities. Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value hierarchy As at January 31, 2024 October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments (Millions of Canadian dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 51,812 $ – $ $ 51,812 $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ $ 60,856 Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 19,907 3,320 – 23,227 26,675 2,581 – 29,256 Provincial and municipal – 17,816 – 17,816 – 16,389 – 16,389 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1), (2) 1,734 55,806 – 57,540 2,249 50,439 – 52,688 Other OECD government (3) 2,047 2,942 – 4,989 2,055 2,577 – 4,632 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 Asset-backed securities Non-CDO (4) – 1,205 – 1,205 – 1,245 – 1,245 Corporate debt and other debt – 24,175 – 24,175 – 22,615 – 22,615 Equities 60,184 2,173 2,286 64,643 58,826 2,232 2,266 63,324 83,872 107,439 2,286 193,597 89,805 98,080 2,266 190,151 Investment Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 313 3,730 – 4,043 2,731 3,528 – 6,259 Provincial and municipal – 1,957 – 1,957 – 2,748 – 2,748 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) 729 63,053 – 63,782 275 73,020 – 73,295 Other OECD government 2,029 7,620 – 9,649 – 6,192 – 6,192 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2,502 30 2,532 – 2,672 29 2,701 Asset-backed securities CDO – 7,766 – 7,766 – 8,265 – 8,265 Non-CDO – 410 – 410 – 441 – 441 Corporate debt and other debt – 29,994 148 30,142 – 27,574 149 27,723 Equities 369 408 462 1,239 38 338 466 842 3,440 117,440 640 121,520 3,044 124,778 644 128,466 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed – 292,204 – 292,204 – 285,869 – 285,869 Loans – 14,075 1,815 15,890 – 8,742 1,859 10,601 Other Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 30,982 329 31,311 – 39,243 290 39,533 Foreign exchange contracts – 59,066 9 59,075 – 89,644 4 89,648 Credit derivatives – 160 – 160 – 224 – 224 Other contracts 2,478 14,187 42 16,707 2,352 13,927 111 16,390 Valuation adjustments – (1,503 ) 4 (1,499 ) – (1,805 ) 4 (1,801 ) Total gross derivatives 2,478 102,892 384 105,754 2,352 141,233 409 143,994 Netting adjustments (716) (716 ) (1,544) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 105,038 142,450 Other assets 4,602 4,286 10 8,898 4,152 3,421 11 7,584 $ 94,392 $ 690,148 $ 5,135 $ (716) $ 788,959 $ 99,353 $ 722,979 $ 5,189 $ (1,544) $ 825,977 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ – $ 27,901 $ 429 $ $ 28,330 $ – $ 26,428 $ 383 $ $ 26,811 Business and government – 151,698 – 151,698 – 137,628 – 137,628 Bank – 9,401 – 9,401 – 11,462 – 11,462 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 13,343 21,669 – 35,012 14,391 19,260 – 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 300,662 – 300,662 – 298,679 – 298,679 Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 28,964 864 29,828 – 41,249 952 42,201 Foreign exchange contracts – 51,620 58 51,678 – 81,750 53 81,803 Credit derivatives – 166 – 166 – 176 – 176 Other contracts 3,411 22,894 391 26,696 3,119 17,306 549 20,974 Valuation adjustments – (678 ) – (678 ) – (982 ) 1 (981 ) Total gross derivatives 3,411 102,966 1,313 107,690 3,119 139,499 1,555 144,173 Netting adjustments (716) (716 ) (1,544) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 106,974 142,629 Other liabilities 394 (1,487 ) – (1,093 ) 370 (1,296 ) – (926 ) $ 17,148 $ 612,810 $ 1,742 $ (716) $ 630,984 $ 17,880 $ 631,660 $ 1,938 $ (1,544) $ 649,934 (1) As at January 31, 2024, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $13,307 million million million ( (2) United States (U.S.). (3) Organisation for Economic Co-operation (4) Collateralized debt obligations (CDO). Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments) A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments. During the three months ended January 31, 2024, there were no significant changes made to the valuation techniques and ranges and weighted averages of unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value of Level 3 financial instruments. As at January 31, 2024, the impacts of adjusting one or more of the unobservable inputs by reasonably possible alternative assumptions did not change significantly from the impacts disclosed in our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3 For the three months ended January 31, 2024 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – – – – – – – Equities 2,266 (18 ) (36 ) 98 (24 ) – – 2,286 1 2,266 (18 ) (36 ) 98 (24 ) – – 2,286 1 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 29 – 1 – – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 3 – (4 ) – – 148 n.a. Equities 466 – (4 ) – – – – 462 n.a. 644 – – – (4 ) – – 640 n.a. Loans 1,859 (46 ) (8 ) 165 (193 ) 38 – 1,815 (44 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (662 ) 80 – 12 16 17 2 (535 ) 84 Foreign exchange contracts (49 ) (11 ) 1 5 5 – – (49 ) (11 ) Other contracts (438 ) (123 ) 14 (15 ) (2 ) (7 ) 222 (349 ) (71 ) Valuation adjustments 3 – – 1 – – – 4 – Other assets 11 – – – (1 ) – – 10 – $ 3,634 $ (118 ) $ (29 ) $ 266 $ (203 ) $ 48 $ 224 $ 3,822 $ (41 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (383 ) $ (47 ) $ 3 $ (122 ) $ 13 $ (1 ) $ 108 $ (429 ) $ (33 ) $ (383 ) $ (47 ) $ 3 $ (122 ) $ 13 $ (1 ) $ 108 $ (429 ) $ (33 ) For the three months ended January 31, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains (losses) included Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 4 $ – $ – $ – $ (4 ) $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – (2 ) – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 7 – – – – – (7 ) – – Equities 1,874 (14 ) (25 ) 250 (20 ) 41 – 2,106 (32 ) 1,887 (14 ) (25 ) 250 (26 ) 41 (7 ) 2,106 (32 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 28 – – – – – – 28 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 151 – (1 ) – (1 ) – – 149 n.a. Equities 397 – 24 – (1 ) – – 420 n.a. 576 – 23 – (2 ) – – 597 n.a. Loans 1,692 (52 ) (7 ) 1,193 (120 ) 28 (137 ) 2,597 (15 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (859 ) 5 5 (20 ) 173 18 24 (654 ) 8 Foreign exchange contracts (132 ) 5 8 4 37 – 15 (63 ) 8 Other contracts (785 ) (55 ) 17 (8 ) 62 (31 ) 253 (547 ) (26 ) Valuation adjustments 53 – – – (36 ) – – 17 – Other assets 15 – – – (2 ) – – 13 – $ 2,447 $ (111 ) $ 21 $ 1,419 $ 86 $ 56 $ 148 $ 4,066 $ (57 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (241 ) $ (20 ) $ 1 $ (35 ) $ 2 $ (34 ) $ 77 $ (250 ) $ (14 ) $ (241 ) $ (20 ) $ 1 $ (35 ) $ 2 $ (34 ) $ 77 $ (250 ) $ (14 ) (1) These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains on Investment securities recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) were $10 million (2) Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income. (3) Net derivatives as at January 31, 2024 included derivative assets of $384 million million n.a. not applicable Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation. Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1). During the three months ended January 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $123 million. During the three months ended January 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of During the three months ended January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, there were significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value. During the three months ended January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3. During the three months ended January 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Deposits due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. During the three months ended January 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Loans due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. Net interest income from financial instruments Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest income. For the three months ended (Millions of Canadian dollars) January 31 2024 January 31 2023 Interest and dividend income (1), (2) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss $ 9,474 $ 6,709 Financial instrume nt ir 1,608 942 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 14,527 11,686 25,609 19,337 Interest expense (1) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss 9,084 6,240 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 10,193 6,895 19,277 13,135 Net interest income $ 6,332 $ 6,202 (1) Excludes interest and dividend income of $272 million (January 31, 2023 – $143 (2) Includes dividend income for the three months ended January 31, 2024 of $ o |