Fair value of financial instruments | Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for fi nancial instrum , and financial instruments measured at amortized cost . Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter. As at April 30, 2024 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits $ – $ 30,259 $ – $ – $ 8,200 $ 8,200 $ 38,459 $ 38,459 Securities Trading 172,641 925 – – – – 173,566 173,566 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 138,417 1,171 99,399 93,443 238,987 233,031 172,641 925 138,417 1,171 99,399 93,443 412,553 406,597 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 246,911 – – – 54,886 54,886 301,797 301,797 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 598 – 538 – 608,407 597,432 609,543 598,568 Wholesale 25,524 1,838 947 – 322,687 317,447 350,996 345,756 26,122 1,838 1,485 – 931,094 914,879 960,539 944,324 Other Derivatives 130,199 – – – – – 130,199 130,199 Other assets (1) 10,159 8 – – 54,908 54,908 65,075 65,075 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 258 $ 28,701 $ 470,923 $ 470,299 $ 499,882 $ 499,258 Business and government (2) 205 148,861 645,868 646,013 794,934 795,079 Bank (3) – 4,341 28,446 28,447 32,787 32,788 463 181,903 1,145,237 1,144,759 1,327,603 1,327,125 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 31,487 – – – 31,487 31,487 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 246,702 33,019 33,019 279,721 279,721 Derivatives 136,568 – – – 136,568 136,568 Other liabilities (4) (1,280 ) 2 76,004 76,223 74,726 74,945 Subordinated debentures – – 13,464 13,484 13,464 13,484 As at October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ – $ 10,230 $ 10,230 $ 71,086 $ 71,086 Securities Trading 180,651 9,500 – – – – 190,151 190,151 Investment, net of applicable – – 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 219,579 212,133 180,651 9,500 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 409,730 402,284 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and 285,869 – – – 54,322 54,322 340,191 340,191 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 114 362 280 – 566,376 542,480 567,132 543,236 Wholesale 5,629 3,619 597 – 275,796 268,843 285,641 278,688 5,743 3,981 877 – 842,172 811,323 852,773 821,924 Other Derivatives 142,450 – – – – – 142,450 142,450 Other assets (1) 7,579 5 – – 68,450 68,450 76,034 76,034 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 109 $ 26,702 $ 415,135 $ 412,886 $ 441,946 $ 439,697 Business and government (2) 174 137,454 607,447 605,260 745,075 742,888 Bank (3) – 11,462 33,204 33,160 44,666 44,622 283 175,618 1,055,786 1,051,306 1,231,687 1,227,207 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 33,651 – – – 33,651 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 298,679 36,559 36,559 335,238 335,238 Derivatives 142,629 – – – 142,629 142,629 Other liabilities (4) (937 ) 11 92,539 92,441 91,613 91,515 Subordinated debentures – – 11,386 11,213 11,386 11,213 (1) Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets. (2) Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks. (3) Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks. (4) Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities. Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value hierarchy As at April 30, 2024 October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments (Millions of Canadian dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 30,259 $ – $ $ 30,259 $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ $ 60,856 Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 16,894 2,133 – 19,027 26,675 2,581 – 29,256 Provincial and municipal – 15,795 – 15,795 – 16,389 – 16,389 U.S. federal, state, municipal and (1), (2) 1,570 33,957 – 35,527 2,249 50,439 – 52,688 Other OECD government (3) 2,345 2,002 – 4,347 2,055 2,577 – 4,632 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 1 – 1 – 2 – 2 Asset-backed securities Non-CDO (4) – 1,200 – 1,200 – 1,245 – 1,245 Corporate debt and other debt – 24,011 – 24,011 – 22,615 – 22,615 Equities 68,988 2,278 2,392 73,658 58,826 2,232 2,266 63,324 89,797 81,377 2,392 173,566 89,805 98,080 2,266 190,151 Investment Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 4,408 10,312 – 14,720 2,731 3,528 – 6,259 Provincial and municipal – 3,542 – 3,542 – 2,748 – 2,748 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) 865 70,701 – 71,566 275 73,020 – 73,295 Other OECD government 2,007 7,684 – 9,691 – 6,192 – 6,192 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2,454 30 2,484 – 2,672 29 2,701 Asset-backed securities CDO – 8,532 – 8,532 – 8,265 – 8,265 Non-CDO – 494 – 494 – 441 – 441 Corporate debt and other debt – 27,244 144 27,388 – 27,574 149 27,723 Equities 391 304 476 1,171 38 338 466 842 7,671 131,267 650 139,588 3,044 124,778 644 128,466 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed – 246,911 – 246,911 – 285,869 – 285,869 Loans – 27,608 1,837 29,445 – 8,742 1,859 10,601 Other Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 33,524 257 33,781 – 39,243 290 39,533 Foreign exchange contracts – 80,109 19 80,128 – 89,644 4 89,648 Credit derivatives – 242 – 242 – 224 – 224 Other contracts 2,577 16,216 22 18,815 2,352 13,927 111 16,390 Valuation adjustments – (1,296 ) 2 (1,294 ) – (1,805 ) 4 (1,801 ) Total gross derivatives 2,577 128,795 300 131,672 2,352 141,233 409 143,994 Netting adjustments (1,473 ) (1,473 ) (1,544 ) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 130,199 142,450 Other assets 5,001 5,157 9 10,167 4,152 3,421 11 7,584 $ 105,046 $ 651,374 $ 5,188 $ (1,473 ) $ 760,135 $ 99,353 $ 722,979 $ 5,189 $ (1,544 ) $ 825,977 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ – $ 28,326 $ 633 $ $ 28,959 $ – $ 26,428 $ 383 $ $ 26,811 Business and government – 149,066 – 149,066 – 137,628 – 137,628 Bank – 4,341 – 4,341 – 11,462 – 11,462 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 13,549 17,938 – 31,487 14,391 19,260 – 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 246,702 – 246,702 – 298,679 – 298,679 Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 34,411 904 35,315 – 41,249 952 42,201 Foreign exchange contracts – 72,939 46 72,985 – 81,750 53 81,803 Credit derivatives – 209 – 209 – 176 – 176 Other contracts 2,982 26,779 320 30,081 3,119 17,306 549 20,974 Valuation adjustments – (557 ) 8 (549 ) – (982 ) 1 (981 ) Total gross derivatives 2,982 133,781 1,278 138,041 3,119 139,499 1,555 144,173 Netting adjustments (1,473 ) (1,473 ) (1,544 ) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 136,568 142,629 Other liabilities 451 (1,729 ) – (1,278 ) 370 (1,296 ) – (926 ) $ 16,982 $ 578,425 $ 1,911 $ (1,473 ) $ 595,845 $ 17,880 $ 631,660 $ 1,938 $ (1,544 ) $ 649,934 (1) As at April 30, 2024, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $14,233 million and $nil (October 31, 2023 – $14,345 million and $nil), respectively, and in all fair value levels of Investment securities were $24,951 million and $2,324 million (October 31, 2023 – $24,365 million and $2,618 million), respectively. (2) United States (U.S.). (3) Organisation for Economic Co-operation (4) Collateralized debt obligations (CDO). Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments) A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, there were no significant changes made to the valuation techniques and ranges and weighted averages of unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value of Level 3 financial instruments. As at April 30, 2024, the impacts of adjusting one or more of the unobservable inputs by reasonably possible alternative assumptions did not change significantly from the impacts disclosed in our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3 For the three months ended April 30, 2024 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – – – – – – – Equities 2,286 (36 ) 28 131 (16 ) – (1 ) 2,392 (12 ) 2,286 (36 ) 28 131 (16 ) – (1 ) 2,392 (12 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 30 – – – – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 148 – 1 – (5 ) – – 144 n.a. Equities 462 – 9 3 – 2 – 476 n.a. 640 – 10 3 (5 ) 2 – 650 n.a. Loans 1,815 (8 ) 12 202 (47 ) 3 (140 ) 1,837 (4 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (535 ) (77 ) – (26 ) (3 ) (5 ) (1 ) (647 ) (62 ) Foreign exchange contracts (49 ) 10 4 10 (2 ) 2 (2 ) (27 ) 13 Other contracts (349 ) 8 (8 ) (33 ) 3 (79 ) 160 (298 ) – Valuation adjustments 4 – – (2 ) (8 ) – – (6 ) – Other assets 10 – – – (1 ) – – 9 – $ 3,822 $ (103 ) $ 46 $ 285 $ (79 ) $ (77 ) $ 16 $ 3,910 $ (65 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (429 ) $ (4 ) $ (2 ) $ (235 ) $ 25 $ (89 ) $ 101 $ (633 ) $ 6 $ (429 ) $ (4 ) $ (2 ) $ (235 ) $ 25 $ (89 ) $ 101 $ (633 ) $ 6 For the three months ended April 30, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – 2 – 17 – 19 – Equities 2,106 (108 ) 19 171 (12 ) 1 – 2,177 (87 ) 2,106 (108 ) 19 173 (12 ) 18 – 2,196 (87 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 28 – (2 ) 1 – – – 27 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 8 – (7 ) – – 150 n.a. Equities 420 – 16 – – – – 436 n.a. 597 – 22 1 (7 ) – – 613 n.a. Loans 2,597 26 30 46 (261 ) – (28 ) 2,410 27 Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (654 ) (1 ) – 12 2 5 (2 ) (638 ) (4 ) Foreign exchange contracts (63 ) (4 ) 3 (3 ) – – 11 (56 ) (24 ) Other contracts (547 ) 92 (7 ) (30 ) 4 (28 ) 103 (413 ) 21 Valuation adjustments 17 – – – (1 ) – – 16 – Other assets 13 – – – – – – 13 – $ 4,066 $ 5 $ 67 $ 199 $ (275 ) $ (5 ) $ 84 $ 4,141 $ (67 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (250 ) $ (7 ) $ (1 ) $ (42 ) $ 4 $ (17 ) $ 63 $ (250 ) $ (4 ) $ (250 ) $ (7 ) $ (1 ) $ (42 ) $ 4 $ (17 ) $ 63 $ (250 ) $ (4 ) For the six months ended April 30, 2024 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – – – – – – – Equities 2,266 (54 ) (8 ) 229 (40 ) – (1 ) 2,392 (8 ) 2,266 (54 ) (8 ) 229 (40 ) – (1 ) 2,392 (8 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 29 – 1 – – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 4 – (9 ) – – 144 n.a. Equities 466 – 5 3 – 2 – 476 n.a. 644 – 10 3 (9 ) 2 – 650 n.a. Loans 1,859 (54 ) 4 367 (240 ) 41 (140 ) 1,837 (50 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (662 ) 3 – (14 ) 13 12 1 (647 ) 17 Foreign exchange contracts (49 ) (1 ) 5 15 3 2 (2 ) (27 ) 3 Other contracts (438 ) (115 ) 6 (48 ) 1 (86 ) 382 (298 ) (64 ) Valuation adjustments 3 – – (1 ) (8 ) – – (6 ) – Other assets 11 – – – (2 ) – – 9 – $ 3,634 $ (221 ) $ 17 $ 551 $ (282 ) $ (29 ) $ 240 $ 3,910 $ (102 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (383 ) $ (51 ) $ 1 $ (357 ) $ 38 $ (90 ) $ 209 $ (633 ) $ (28 ) $ (383 ) $ (51 ) $ 1 $ (357 ) $ 38 $ (90 ) $ 209 $ (633 ) $ (28 ) For the six months ended April 30, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 4 $ – $ – $ – $ (4 ) $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – (2 ) – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 7 – – 2 – 17 (7 ) 19 – Equities 1,874 (122 ) (6 ) 421 (32 ) 42 – 2,177 (111 ) 1,887 (122 ) (6 ) 423 (38 ) 59 (7 ) 2,196 (111 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 28 – (2 ) 1 – – – 27 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 151 – 7 – (8 ) – – 150 n.a. Equities 397 – 40 – (1 ) – – 436 n.a. 576 – 45 1 (9 ) – – 613 n.a. Loans 1,692 (26 ) 23 1,239 (381 ) 28 (165 ) 2,410 3 Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (859 ) 4 5 (8 ) 175 23 22 (638 ) 9 Foreign exchange contracts (132 ) 1 11 1 37 – 26 (56 ) (4 ) Other contracts (785 ) 37 10 (38 ) 66 (59 ) 356 (413 ) 30 Valuation adjustments 53 – – – (37 ) – – 16 – Other assets 15 – – – (2 ) – – 13 – $ 2,447 $ (106 ) $ 88 $ 1,618 $ (189 ) $ 51 $ 232 $ 4,141 $ (73 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (241 ) $ (27 ) $ – $ (77 ) $ 6 $ (51 ) $ 140 $ (250 ) $ (15 ) $ (241 ) $ (27 ) $ – $ (77 ) $ 6 $ (51 ) $ 140 $ (250 ) $ (15 ) (1) These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains or losses on Investment securities recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) were $nil for the three months ended April 30, 2024 (April 30, 2023 – gains of $12 million) and gains of $10 million for the six months ended April 30, 2024 (April 30, 2023 – gains of $30 million), excluding the translation gains or losses arising on consolidation. (2) Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income. (3) Net derivatives as at April 30, 2024 included derivative assets of $300 million (April 30, 2023 – $362 million) and derivative liabilities of $1,278 million (April 30, 2023 – $1,453 million). n.a. not applicable Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation. Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1). During the three months ended April 30, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $498 million and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $258 million. During the three months ended April 30, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $112 million. During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. During the six months ended April 30, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $621 million and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $258 million. During the six months ended April 30, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $435 million and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $112 million. During the six months ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value. During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts, Loans and Deposits due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the three months ended April 30, 2023, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. During the six months ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3. During the six months ended April 30, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts, Deposits and Loans due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the six months ended April 30, 2023, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Loans due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. Net interest income from financial instruments Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest income. For the three months ended For the six months ended (Millions of Canadian dollars) April 30 2024 April 30 2023 April 30 2024 April 30 2023 Interest and dividend income (1), (2) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss $ 9,431 $ 6,948 $ 18,905 $ 13,657 Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 1,627 1,114 3,235 2,056 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 14,696 12,256 29,223 23,942 25,754 20,318 51,363 39,655 Interest expense (1) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss 8,711 6,275 17,795 12,515 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 10,420 7,944 20,613 14,839 19,131 14,219 38,408 27,354 Net interest income $ 6,623 $ 6,099 $ 12,955 $ 12,301 (1) Excludes interest and dividend income for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $162 million (April 30, 2023 – $225 million) and for the six months ended April 30, 2024 of $434 million (April 30, 2023 – $368 million), and interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $12 million (April 30, 2023 – $13 million) and for the six months ended April 30, 2024 of $23 million (April 30, 2023 – $17 million) presented in Insurance investment result in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. (2) Includes dividend income for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $776 million (April 30, 2023 – $801 million) and for the six months ended April 30, 2024 of $1,733 million (April 30, 2023 – $1,593 million) presented in Interest and dividend income in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. |