Fair value of financial instruments | Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for financial instruments classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI), and financial instruments measured at amortized cost. Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter. As at July 31, 2024 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 48,443 $ – $ – $ 8,966 $ 8,966 $ 57,409 $ 57,409 Securities Trading 179,354 1,087 – – – – 180,441 180,441 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 150,499 1,178 99,067 95,027 250,744 246,704 179,354 1,087 150,499 1,178 99,067 95,027 431,185 427,145 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 264,532 – – – 60,869 60,869 325,401 325,401 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 638 – 540 – 615,043 608,916 616,221 610,094 Wholesale 8,908 2,312 991 – 343,365 338,324 355,576 350,535 9,546 2,312 1,531 – 958,408 947,240 971,797 960,629 Other Derivatives 115,659 – – – – – 115,659 115,659 Other assets (1) 9,627 9 – – 47,889 47,889 57,525 57,525 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 356 $ 31,607 $ 478,579 $ 478,843 $ 510,542 $ 510,806 Business and government (2) 174 148,652 660,554 661,586 809,380 810,412 Bank (3) – 9,320 32,023 32,028 41,343 41,348 530 189,579 1,171,156 1,172,457 1,361,265 1,362,566 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 33,972 – – – 33,972 33,972 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 266,457 37,916 37,916 304,373 304,373 Derivatives 126,884 – – – 126,884 126,884 Other liabilities (4) (1,275 ) 2 66,515 66,781 65,242 65,508 Subordinated debentures – – 13,437 13,469 13,437 13,469 As at October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ – $ 10,230 $ 10,230 $ 71,086 $ 71,086 Securities Trading 180,651 9,500 – – – – 190,151 190,151 Investment, net of applicable – – 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 219,579 212,133 180,651 9,500 127,624 842 91,113 83,667 409,730 402,284 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 285,869 – – – 54,322 54,322 340,191 340,191 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 114 362 280 – 566,376 542,480 567,132 543,236 Wholesale 5,629 3,619 597 – 275,796 268,843 285,641 278,688 5,743 3,981 877 – 842,172 811,323 852,773 821,924 Other Derivatives 142,450 – – – – – 142,450 142,450 Other assets (1) 7,579 5 – – 68,450 68,450 76,034 76,034 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 109 $ 26,702 $ 415,135 $ 412,886 $ 441,946 $ 439,697 Business and government (2) 174 137,454 607,447 605,260 745,075 742,888 Bank (3) – 11,462 33,204 33,160 44,666 44,622 283 175,618 1,055,786 1,051,306 1,231,687 1,227,207 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 33,651 – – – 33,651 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 298,679 36,559 36,559 335,238 335,238 Derivatives 142,629 – – – 142,629 142,629 Other liabilities (4) (937 ) 11 92,539 92,441 91,613 91,515 Subordinated debentures – – 11,386 11,213 11,386 11,213 (1) Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets. (2) Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks. (3) Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks. (4) Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities. Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value hiera rch As at July 31, 2024 October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2) Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments (Millions of Canadian dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 48,443 $ – $ $ 48,443 $ – $ 60,856 $ – $ $ 60,856 Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 22,324 1,816 – 24,140 26,675 2,581 – 29,256 Provincial and municipal – 14,395 – 14,395 – 16,389 – 16,389 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1), (2) 255 32,359 – 32,614 2,249 50,439 – 52,688 Other OECD government (3) 2,502 2,532 – 5,034 2,055 2,577 – 4,632 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 Asset-backed securities – 1,399 – 1,399 – 1,245 – 1,245 Corporate debt and other debt – 24,295 – 24,295 – 22,615 – 22,615 Equities 73,848 2,278 2,436 78,562 58,826 2,232 2,266 63,324 98,929 79,076 2,436 180,441 89,805 98,080 2,266 190,151 Investment Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 6,664 8,064 – 14,728 2,731 3,528 – 6,259 Provincial and municipal – 5,207 – 5,207 – 2,748 – 2,748 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) – 79,096 – 79,096 275 73,020 – 73,295 Other OECD government 3,351 6,884 – 10,235 – 6,192 – 6,192 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2,460 29 2,489 – 2,672 29 2,701 Asset-backed securities – 9,440 – 9,440 – 8,706 – 8,706 Corporate debt and other debt – 29,158 146 29,304 – 27,574 149 27,723 Equities 389 305 484 1,178 38 338 466 842 10,404 140,614 659 151,677 3,044 124,778 644 128,466 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed – 264,532 – 264,532 – 285,869 – 285,869 Loans – 11,575 1,814 13,389 – 8,742 1,859 10,601 Other Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 29,458 370 29,828 – 39,243 290 39,533 Foreign exchange contracts – 64,242 1 64,243 – 89,644 4 89,648 Credit derivatives – 217 – 217 – 224 – 224 Other contracts 3,344 20,123 28 23,495 2,352 13,927 111 16,390 Valuation adjustments – (934 ) 2 (932 ) – (1,805 ) 4 (1,801 ) Total gross derivatives 3,344 113,106 401 116,851 2,352 141,233 409 143,994 Netting adjustments (1,192 ) (1,192 ) (1,544 ) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 115,659 142,450 Other assets 5,010 4,618 8 9,636 4,152 3,421 11 7,584 $ 117,687 $ 661,964 $ 5,318 $ (1,192 ) $ 783,777 $ 99,353 $ 722,979 $ 5,189 $ (1,544 ) $ 825,977 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ – $ 31,355 $ 608 $ $ 31,963 $ – $ 26,428 $ 383 $ $ 26,811 Business and government – 148,826 – 148,826 – 137,628 – 137,628 Bank – 9,320 – 9,320 – 11,462 – 11,462 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 14,892 19,080 – 33,972 14,391 19,260 – 33,651 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 266,457 – 266,457 – 298,679 – 298,679 Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 26,245 918 27,163 – 41,249 952 42,201 Foreign exchange contracts – 60,103 47 60,150 – 81,750 53 81,803 Credit derivatives – 239 – 239 – 176 – 176 Other contracts 4,357 35,907 424 40,688 3,119 17,306 549 20,974 Valuation adjustments – (156 ) (8 ) (164 ) – (982 ) 1 (981 ) Total gross derivatives 4,357 122,338 1,381 128,076 3,119 139,499 1,555 144,173 Netting adjustments (1,192 ) (1,192 ) (1,544 ) (1,544 ) Total derivatives 126,884 142,629 Other liabilities 261 (1,534 ) – (1,273 ) 370 (1,296 ) – (926 ) $ 19,510 $ 595,842 $ 1,989 $ (1,192 ) $ 616,149 $ 17,880 $ 631,660 $ 1,938 $ (1,544 ) $ 649,934 (1) As at July 31, 2024, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $16,394 million and $nil (October 31, 2023 – $14,345 million and $nil), respectively, and in all fair value levels of Investment securities were $26,766 million and $2,421 million (October 31, 2023 – $24,365 million and $2,618 million), respectively. (2) United States (U.S.). (3) Organisation for Economic Co-operation Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments) A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments. During the three months ended July 31, 2024, there were no significant changes made to the valuation techniques and ranges and weighted averages of unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value of Level 3 financial instruments. As at July 31, 2024, the impacts of adjusting one or more of the unobservable inputs by reasonably possible alternative assumptions did not change significantly from the impacts disclosed in our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3 For the three months ended July 31, 2024 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – – – – – – – Equities 2,392 (136 ) 2 216 (38 ) 1 (1 ) 2,436 (117 ) 2,392 (136 ) 2 216 (38 ) 1 (1 ) 2,436 (117 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 30 – (1 ) – – – – 29 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 144 – 6 – (4 ) – – 146 n.a. Equities 476 – 11 – (3 ) – – 484 n.a. 650 – 16 – (7 ) – – 659 n.a. Loans 1,837 (33 ) 21 78 (84 ) 9 (14 ) 1,814 (30 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (647 ) 43 – (66 ) 122 18 (18 ) (548 ) 43 Foreign exchange contracts (27 ) (9 ) 1 (1 ) – – (10 ) (46 ) (9 ) Other contracts (298 ) (24 ) (1 ) (11 ) 4 (198 ) 132 (396 ) (13 ) Valuation adjustments (6 ) – – – 16 – – 10 – Other assets 9 – – – (1 ) – – 8 – $ 3,910 $ (159 ) $ 39 $ 216 $ 12 $ (170 ) $ 89 $ 3,937 $ (126 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (633 ) $ (39 ) $ – $ (60 ) $ 38 $ (3 ) $ 89 $ (608 ) $ (23 ) $ (633 ) $ (39 ) $ – $ (60 ) $ 38 $ (3 ) $ 89 $ (608 ) $ (23 ) For the three months ended July 31, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 19 – – – (16 ) – (3 ) – – Equities 2,177 (37 ) (28 ) 70 (9 ) 6 – 2,179 (13 ) 2,196 (37 ) (28 ) 70 (25 ) 6 (3 ) 2,179 (13 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 27 – 3 – – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 150 – (9 ) – – – – 141 n.a. Equities 436 – (6 ) 1 – – – 431 n.a. 613 – (12 ) 1 – – – 602 n.a. Loans 2,410 (28 ) (58 ) 61 (71 ) 2 (5 ) 2,311 (13 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (638 ) (14 ) 1 1 19 7 (8 ) (632 ) (8 ) Foreign exchange contracts (56 ) 3 (1 ) (9 ) 11 – 6 (46 ) 2 Other contracts (413 ) (43 ) 11 (23 ) 17 (37 ) 47 (441 ) (45 ) Valuation adjustments 16 – – – (5 ) – – 11 – Other assets 13 – – – (2 ) – – 11 – $ 4,141 $ (119 ) $ (87 ) $ 101 $ (56 ) $ (22 ) $ 37 $ 3,995 $ (77 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (250 ) $ 1 $ 1 $ (80 ) $ 13 $ (16 ) $ 50 $ (281 ) $ 5 $ (250 ) $ 1 $ 1 $ (80 ) $ 13 $ (16 ) $ 50 $ (281 ) $ 5 For the nine months ended July 31, 2024 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities – – – – – – – – – Corporate debt and other debt – – – – – – – – – Equities 2,266 (190 ) (6 ) 445 (78 ) 1 (2 ) 2,436 (149 ) 2,266 (190 ) (6 ) 445 (78 ) 1 (2 ) 2,436 (149 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 29 – – – – – – 29 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 10 – (13 ) – – 146 n.a. Equities 466 – 16 3 (3 ) 2 – 484 n.a. 644 – 26 3 (16 ) 2 – 659 n.a. Loans 1,859 (87 ) 25 445 (324 ) 50 (154 ) 1,814 (81 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (662 ) 46 – (80 ) 135 30 (17 ) (548 ) 55 Foreign exchange contracts (49 ) (10 ) 6 14 3 2 (12 ) (46 ) (3 ) Other contracts (438 ) (139 ) 5 (59 ) 5 (284 ) 514 (396 ) 1 Valuation adjustments 3 – – (1 ) 8 – – 10 – Other assets 11 – – – (3 ) – – 8 – $ 3,634 $ (380 ) $ 56 $ 767 $ (270 ) $ (199 ) $ 329 $ 3,937 $ (177 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (383 ) $ (90 ) $ 1 $ (417 ) $ 76 $ (93 ) $ 298 $ (608 ) $ (44 ) $ (383 ) $ (90 ) $ 1 $ (417 ) $ 76 $ (93 ) $ 298 $ (608 ) $ (44 ) For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 4 $ – $ – $ – $ (4 ) $ – $ – $ – $ – Asset-backed securities 2 – – – (2 ) – – – – Corporate debt and other debt 7 – – 2 (16 ) 17 (10 ) – – Equities 1,874 (159 ) (34 ) 491 (41 ) 48 – 2,179 (130 ) 1,887 (159 ) (34 ) 493 (63 ) 65 (10 ) 2,179 (130 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 28 – 1 1 – – – 30 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 151 – (2 ) – (8 ) – – 141 n.a. Equities 397 – 34 1 (1 ) – – 431 n.a. 576 – 33 2 (9 ) – – 602 n.a. Loans 1,692 (54 ) (35 ) 1,300 (452 ) 30 (170 ) 2,311 – Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (859 ) (10 ) 6 (7 ) 194 30 14 (632 ) (9 ) Foreign exchange contracts (132 ) 4 10 (8 ) 48 – 32 (46 ) (2 ) Other contracts (785 ) (6 ) 21 (61 ) 83 (96 ) 403 (441 ) (35 ) Valuation adjustments 53 – – – (42 ) – – 11 – Other assets 15 – – – (4 ) – – 11 – $ 2,447 $ (225 ) $ 1 $ 1,719 $ (245 ) $ 29 $ 269 $ 3,995 $ (176 ) Liabilities Deposits $ (241 ) $ (26 ) $ 1 $ (157 ) $ 19 $ (67 ) $ 190 $ (281 ) $ (8 ) $ (241 ) $ (26 ) $ 1 $ (157 ) $ 19 $ (67 ) $ 190 $ (281 ) $ (8 ) (1) These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains on Investment securities recognized in OCI were $ (2) Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income. (3) Net derivatives as at July 31, 2024 included derivative assets of $401 million (July 31, 2023 – $345 million) and derivative liabilities of $1,381 million (July 31, 2023 – $1,453 million). n.a. not applicable Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation. Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1). During the three months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $564 million and Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $417 million. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million. During the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $1,038 million and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $822 million. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $435 million, Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million, and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $112 million. During the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value. During the three months ended July 31, 2024 , transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. During the three months ended July During the three months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3. During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts, Deposits and Loans due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Loans due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. Net interest income from financial instruments Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest income. For the three months ended For the nine months ended (Millions of Canadian dollars) July 31 2024 July 31 2023 July 31 2024 July 31 2023 Interest and dividend income (1), (2) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss $ 8,678 $ 8,546 $ 27,583 $ 22,203 Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 1,927 1,383 5,162 3,439 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 16,485 12,905 45,708 36,847 27,090 22,834 78,453 62,489 Interest expense (1) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss 8,432 7,531 26,227 20,046 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 11,331 9,017 31,944 23,856 19,763 16,548 58,171 43,902 Net interest income $ 7,327 $ 6,286 $ 20,282 $ 18,587 (1) Excludes interest and dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 of $222 million (July 31, 2023 – $186 million ) ), million million million (2) Includes dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 of $778 million |