Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1 Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Waters Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a specialty measurement company that operates with a fundamental underlying purpose to advance the science that enables our customers to enhance human health and well-being. The Company has pioneered analytical workflow solutions involving liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and thermal analysis innovations serving the life, materials and food sciences for more than 60 years. The Company primarily designs, manufactures, sells and services high-performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (“UPLC TM (“LC-MS”) LC-MS TM On May 16, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Wyatt Technology, LLC and its three operating subsidiaries, Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Wyatt Technology France and Wyatt Technology UK Ltd. (collectively, “Wyatt”), for a total purchase price of $1.3 billion in cash. Wyatt is a pioneer in innovative light scattering and field-flow fractionation instruments, software, accessories and services. The acquisition will expand Waters’ portfolio and increase exposure to large molecule applications. The Company financed this transaction with a combination of cash on its balance sheet and borrowings under its revolving credit facility. The Company’s interim fiscal quarter typically ends on the thirteenth Saturday of each quarter. Since the Company’s fiscal year end is December 31, the first and fourth fiscal quarters may have more or less than thirteen complete weeks. The Company’s third fiscal quarters for 2023 and 2022 ended on September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. It is management’s opinion that the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which are normal and recurring) that are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K Risks and Uncertainties The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the analytical instrument industry, including, but not limited to, global economic and financial market conditions, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, fluctuations in customer demand, development by its competitors of new technological innovations, costs of developing new technologies, levels of debt and debt service requirements, risk of disruption, dependence on key personnel, protection and litigation of proprietary technology, shifts in taxable income between tax jurisdictions and compliance with regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and similar foreign regulatory authorities and agencies. Through the date of the issuance of these financial statements, the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows have not been materially impacted and, thus, the Company concluded that no interim goodwill or long-lived asset impairment analyses were required. Further, there have been no violations of debt covenants. Any prolonged material disruption to the Company’s employees, suppliers, manufacturing, or customers could result in a material impact to its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows in the future. Translation of Foreign Currencies The functional currency of each of the Company’s foreign operating subsidiaries is the local currency of its country of domicile, except for the Company’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Singapore and the Cayman Islands, where the underlying transactional cash flows are denominated in currencies other than the respective local currency of domicile. The functional currency of the Hong Kong, Singapore and Cayman Islands subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, based on the respective entity’s cash flows. For the Company’s foreign operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the respective period. Any resulting translation gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments, with original maturities of 90 days or less, while investments with longer maturities are classified as investments. The Company maintains cash balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits, and in foreign subsidiary accounts in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $307 million out of $337 million and $472 million out of $481 million, respectively, of the Company’s total cash, cash equivalents and investments were held by foreign subsidiaries. In addition, $196 million out of $337 million and $336 million out of $481 million of cash, cash equivalents and investments were held in currencies other than the U.S. dollar at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company has very limited use of rebates and other cash considerations payable to customers and, as a result, the transaction price determination does not have any material variable consideration. The Company does not consider there to be significant concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables due to the short-term nature of the balances, the Company having a large and diverse customer base, and the Company having a strong historical experience of collecting receivables with minimal defaults. As a result, credit risk is considered low across territories and trade receivables are considered to be a single class of financial asset. The allowance for credit losses is based on a number of factors and is calculated by applying a historical loss rate to trade receivable aging balances to estimate a general reserve balance along with an additional adjustment for any specific receivables with known or anticipated issues affecting the likelihood of recovery. Past due balances with a probability of default based on historical data as well as relevant available forward-looking information are included in the specific adjustment. The historical loss rate is reviewed on at least an annual basis and the allowance for credit losses is reviewed quarterly for any required adjustments. The Company does not have any off-balance Trade receivables related to instrument sales are collateralized by the instrument that is sold. If there is a risk of default related to a receivable that is collateralized, then the fair value of the collateral is calculated and adjusted for the cost to re-possess, re-sell The following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022 (in thousands): Balance at Additions Deductions Balance at Allowance for Credit Losses September 30, 2023 $ 14,311 $ 3,727 $ (3,434 ) $ 14,604 October 1, 2022 $ 13,228 $ 4,980 $ (4,973 ) $ 13,235 Other Investments During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded realized gains of approximately $0.7 million. During the nine months ended October 1, 2022, the Company recorded realized gains of approximately $7 million and incurred approximately $6 million in losses. Realized gains and losses on equity investments are recorded within other income, net on the statement of operations. Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, at the date of each acquisition, the Company measures the fair value of all identifiable assets acquired (including intangible assets) and liabilities assumed and allocates the amounts paid to all items measured. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired is based on valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management and which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. Any excess of the fair value consideration transferred over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or on an interim basis when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is the operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company has the option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary before performing the quantitative assessment. If, as a result of the qualitative assessment, it is more-likely-than-not TM TM The Company’s intangible assets include purchased technology; capitalized software; costs associated with acquiring Company patents, trademarks and intellectual properties, such as licenses; and acquired IPR&D. Purchased intangibles are recorded at their fair market values as of the acquisition date and amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one one Fair Value Measurements In accordance with the accounting standards for fair value measurements and disclosures, certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize observable data, such as quoted prices in active markets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The following table represents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2023 (in thousands): Total at Quoted Prices for Identical (Level 1) Significant Significant (Level 3) Assets: Time deposits $ 898 $ — $ 898 $ — Waters 401(k) Restoration Plan assets 26,460 26,460 — — Foreign currency exchange contracts 129 — 129 — Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements 25,679 — 25,679 — Interest rate swap cash flow hedge 778 — 778 — Total $ 53,944 $ 26,460 $ 27,484 $ — Liabilities: Foreign currency exchange contracts $ 119 $ — $ 119 $ — Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements 1,018 — 1,018 — Interest rate swap cash flow hedge 175 — 175 — Total $ 1,312 $ — $ 1,312 $ — The following table represents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Total at Quoted Prices for Identical (Level 1) Significant Significant (Level 3) Assets: Time deposits $ 862 $ — $ 862 $ — Waters 401(k) Restoration Plan assets 25,532 25,532 — — Foreign currency exchange contracts 231 — 231 — Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements 19,163 — 19,163 — Total $ 45,788 $ 25,532 $ 20,256 $ — Liabilities: Contingent consideration $ 1,509 $ — $ — $ 1,509 Foreign currency exchange contracts 98 — 98 — Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements 4,783 — 4,783 — Total $ 6,390 $ — $ 4,881 $ 1,509 Fair Value of 401(k) Restoration Plan Assets The 401(k) Restoration Plan is a nonqualified defined contribution plan and the assets were held in registered mutual funds and have been classified as Level 1. The fair values of the assets in the plan are determined through market and observable sources from daily quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges. Fair Value of Cash Equivalents, Investments, Foreign Exchange Contracts, Interest Rate Cross-Currency Swap Agreements and Interest Rate Swap Cash Flow Hedges The fair values of the Company’s cash equivalents, investments, foreign currency exchange contracts, interest rate cross-currency swap agreements and interest rate swap cash flow hedges are determined through market and observable sources and have been classified as Level 2. These assets and liabilities have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, typically utilizing third-party pricing services. The pricing services use many inputs to determine value, including reportable trades, benchmark yields, credit spreads, broker/dealer quotes, current spot rates and other industry and economic events. The Company validates the prices provided by third-party pricing services by reviewing their pricing methods and obtaining market values from other pricing sources. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The Company’s accounts receivable and accounts payable are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company’s variable interest rate debt approximates fair value due to the variable nature of the interest rate. The carrying value of the Company’s fixed interest rate debt was $1.3 billion at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of the Company’s fixed interest rate debt was estimated using discounted cash flow models, based on estimated current rates offered for similar debt under current market conditions for the Company. The fair value of the Company’s fixed interest rate debt was estimated to be $1.1 billion at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, using Level 2 inputs. Derivative Transactions The Company is a global company that operates in over 35 countries and, as a result, the Company’s net sales, cost of sales, operating expenses and balance sheet amounts are significantly impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is exposed to currency price risk on foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations when it translates its non-U.S. The Company’s principal strategies in managing exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates are to (1) naturally hedge the foreign-currency-denominated liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet against corresponding assets of the same currency, such that any changes in liabilities due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates are typically offset by corresponding changes in assets and (2) mitigate foreign exchange risk exposure of international operations by hedging the variability in the movement of foreign currency exchange rates on a portion of its euro-denominated and yen-denominated Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts The Company does not specifically enter into any derivatives that hedge foreign-currency-denominated operating assets, liabilities or commitments on its balance sheet, other than a portion of certain third-party accounts receivable and accounts payable, and the Company’s net worldwide intercompany receivables and payables, which are eliminated in consolidation. The Company periodically aggregates its net worldwide balances by currency and then enters into foreign currency exchange contracts that mature within 90 days to hedge a portion of the remaining balance to minimize some of the Company’s currency price risk exposure. The foreign currency exchange contracts are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. Principal hedged currencies include the euro, Japanese yen, British pound, Mexican peso and Brazilian real. Cash Flow Hedges The Company’s Credit Facility is a variable borrowing and has interest payments based on a contractually specified interest rate index. The contractually specified index on the Credit Facility is the 3-month Term SOFR. The variable rate interest payments create interest risk for the Company as interest payments will fluctuate based on changes in the contractually specified interest rate index over the life of the Credit Facility. In order to reduce interest rate risk, the Company enters into interest rate swaps that will effectively lock-in the forecasted interest payments on the variable rate borrowing over its term. The interest rate swaps represent cash flow hedges and are assessed for hedge effectiveness each reporting period. When the hedge relationship is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows, the Company will record the entire change in fair value of the interest rate swaps in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The amount in accumulated other comprehensive loss is reclassified to earnings in the period that the underlying transaction impacts consolidated earnings. If it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur, the hedge relationship will be de-designated and amounts accumulated in other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to earnings in the current period. Interest settlements due to benchmark interest rate changes are recorded in interest income or interest expense. For the three and nine months ended September Interest Rate Cross-Currency Swap Agreements As of September 30, 2023, the Company had entered into with durations up to three years yen-denominated The Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts, interest rate cross-currency swap agreements and interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges are included in the consolidated balance sheets are classified as follows (in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value Foreign currency exchange contracts: Other current assets $ 16,000 $ 129 $ 42,047 $ 231 Other current liabilities $ 24,790 $ 119 $ 13,450 $ 98 Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements: Other assets $ 505,000 $ 25,679 $ 400,000 $ 19,163 Other liabilities $ 120,000 $ 1,018 $ 185,000 $ 4,783 Accumulated other comprehensive income $ 20,306 $ 10,026 Interest rate swap cash flow hedges: Other assets $ 50,000 $ 778 $ — $ — Other liabilities $ 50,000 $ 175 $ — $ — Accumulated other comprehensive income $ 510 $ — The following is a summary of the activity included in the consolidated statements of operations and statements of comprehensive income related to the foreign currency exchange contracts, interest rate cross-currency swap agreements and interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges (in thousands): Financial Statement Classification Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 October 1, September 30, 2023 October 1, Foreign currency exchange contracts: Realized losses on closed contracts Cost of sales $ (755 ) $ (3,811 ) $ (50 ) $ (6,603 ) Unrealized gains (losses) on open contracts Cost of sales 168 461 (123 ) (93 ) Cumulative net pre-tax losses Cost of sales $ (587 ) $ (3,350 ) $ (173 ) $ (6,696 ) Interest rate cross-currency swap agreements: Interest earned Interest income $ 2,720 $ 2,362 $ 8,048 $ 6,214 Unrealized gains Other comprehensive on open contracts income $ 18,936 $ 31,108 $ 10,280 $ 73,812 Interest rate swap cash flow hedges: Interest earned Interest income $ 93 $ — $ 93 $ — Unrealized gains Other comprehensive on open contracts income $ 510 $ — $ 510 $ — Stockholders’ Equity In January 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $4 billion of its outstanding common stock over a two-year pre-existing Product Warranty Costs The Company accrues estimated product warranty costs at the time of sale, which are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. The amount of the accrued warranty liability is based on historical information, such as past experience, product failure rates, number of units repaired and estimated costs of material and labor. The liability is reviewed for reasonableness at least quarterly. The following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s accrued warranty liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022 (in thousands): Balance at Accruals for Settlements Balance at Accrued warranty liability: September 30, 2023 $ 11,949 $ 4,813 $ (5,642 ) $ 11,120 October 1, 2022 $ 10,718 $ 6,606 $ (6,663 ) $ 10,661 Restructuring In July 2023, the Company made organizational changes to better align its resources with its growth and innovation strategies, resulting in a worldwide workforce reduction, that has impacted approximately , respectively, in connection , , |