FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TEP categorizes financial instruments into the three-level hierarchy based on inputs used to determine the fair value. Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in non-active markets, and pricing models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable and supported by little or no market activity. TEP has no financial instruments categorized as Level 3. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS The following tables present, by level within the fair value hierarchy, TEP’s assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value through net income on a recurring basis classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 Level 2 Total (in millions) September 30, 2024 Assets Cash Equivalents (1) $ 55 $ — $ 55 Restricted Cash (1) 27 — 27 Energy Derivative Contracts, Regulatory Recovery (2) — 27 27 Energy Derivative Contracts, No Regulatory Recovery (2) — 6 6 Total Assets 82 33 115 Liabilities Energy Derivative Contracts, Regulatory Recovery (2) — (25) (25) Total Liabilities — (25) (25) Total Assets (Liabilities), Net $ 82 $ 8 $ 90 (in millions) December 31, 2023 Assets Restricted Cash (1) $ 34 $ — $ 34 Energy Derivative Contracts, Regulatory Recovery (2) — 32 32 Energy Derivative Contracts, No Regulatory Recovery (2) — 3 3 Total Assets 34 35 69 Liabilities Energy Derivative Contracts, Regulatory Recovery (2) — (30) (30) Total Liabilities — (30) (30) Total Assets (Liabilities), Net $ 34 $ 5 $ 39 (1) Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash represent amounts held in money market funds, which approximate fair market value. Cash Equivalents are included in Cash and Cash Equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted Cash is included in Investments and Other Property and in Current Assets—Other on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2) Energy Derivative Contracts include gas swap agreements and forward power purchase and sale contracts entered into to reduce exposure to energy price risk. These contracts are included in Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All energy derivative contracts are subject to legally enforceable master netting arrangements to mitigate credit risk. TEP presents derivatives on a gross basis in the balance sheet. The tables below present the potential offset of counterparty netting and cash collateral: Gross Amount Recognized in the Balance Sheets Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheets Net Amount Counterparty Netting of Energy Contracts Cash Collateral Received/Posted (in millions) September 30, 2024 Derivative Assets Energy Derivative Contracts $ 33 $ 14 $ — $ 19 Derivative Liabilities Energy Derivative Contracts (25) (14) — (11) (in millions) December 31, 2023 Derivative Assets Energy Derivative Contracts $ 35 $ 15 $ — $ 20 Derivative Liabilities Energy Derivative Contracts (30) (15) — (15) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TEP enters into various derivative and non-derivative contracts to reduce exposure to energy price risk associated with its natural gas and purchased power requirements. The objectives for entering into such contracts include: (i) creating price stability; (ii) meeting load and reserve requirements; and (iii) reducing exposure to price volatility that may result from delayed recovery under the PPFAC mechanism. In addition, TEP enters into derivative and non-derivative contracts to optimize the system's generation resources by selling power in the wholesale market for the benefit of TEP's retail customers. TEP primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements. When TEP has observable inputs for substantially the full term of the asset or liability or uses quoted prices in an inactive market, it categorizes the instrument in Level 2. TEP categorizes derivatives in Level 3 when an aggregate pricing service or published prices that represent a consensus reporting of multiple brokers is used. For both purchased power and natural gas prices, TEP obtains quotes from brokers, major market participants, exchanges, or industry publications and relies on its own price experience from active transactions in the market. TEP primarily uses one set of quotations each for purchased power and natural gas and then validates those prices using other sources. TEP believes that the market information provided is reflective of market conditions as of the time and date indicated. Published prices for energy derivative contracts may not be available due to the nature of contract delivery terms such as non-standard time blocks and non-standard delivery points. In these cases, TEP applies adjustments based on historical price curve relationships, transmission costs, and real power line losses. TEP also considers the impact of counterparty credit risk using current and historical default and recovery rates, as well as its own credit risk using credit default swap data. The inputs and TEP's assessments of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements require judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. TEP reviews the assumptions underlying its price curves monthly. Energy Derivative Contracts, Regulatory Recovery TEP enters into energy contracts that are considered derivatives and qualify for regulatory recovery. The realized gains and losses on these energy contracts are recovered through the PPFAC mechanism and the unrealized gains and losses are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. The table below presents the unrealized gains and losses recorded to a regulatory asset or liability in the balance sheet: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Unrealized Net Gain (Loss) (1) $ 8 $ — $ — $ (47) (1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, unrealized net loss on regulatory recoverable derivative contracts was primarily due to decreases in forward market prices of natural gas. Energy Derivative Contracts, No Regulatory Recovery TEP enters into certain energy contracts that are considered derivatives but do not qualify for regulatory recovery. The Company records unrealized gains and losses for these contracts in the income statement unless a normal purchase or normal sale election is made. For contracts that meet the trading definition in the PPFAC plan of administration, TEP must share 10% of any realized gains with retail customers through the PPFAC mechanism. The table below presents amounts recorded in Operating Revenues on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating Revenues $ 3 $ 1 $ 30 $ 18 Derivative Volumes As of September 30, 2024, TEP had energy contracts that will settle on various expiration dates through 2029. The following table presents volumes associated with the energy contracts: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Power Contracts GWh 2,849 1,449 Gas Contracts BBtu 87,681 89,105 CREDIT RISK The use of contractual arrangements to manage the risks associated with changes in energy commodity prices creates credit risk exposure resulting from the possibility of non-performance by counterparties pursuant to the terms of their contractual obligations. TEP enters into contracts for the physical delivery of power and natural gas which contain remedies in the event of non-performance by the supply counterparties. In addition, volatile energy prices can create significant credit exposure from energy market receivables and subsequent measurements at fair value. TEP has contractual agreements for energy procurement and hedging activities that contain provisions requiring TEP and its counterparties to post collateral under certain circumstances. These circumstances include: (i) exposures in excess of unsecured credit limits due to the volume of trading activity; (ii) changes in natural gas or power prices; (iii) credit rating downgrades; or (iv) unfavorable changes in parties' assessments of each other's credit strength. If such credit events were to occur, TEP, or its counterparties, could have to provide certain credit enhancements in the form of cash, LOCs, or other acceptable security to collateralize exposure beyond the allowed amounts. TEP considers the effect of counterparty credit risk in determining the fair value of derivative instruments that are in a net asset position, after incorporating collateral posted by counterparties, and then allocates the credit risk adjustment to individual contracts. TEP also considers the impact of its credit risk on instruments that are in a net liability position, after considering the collateral posted, and then allocates the credit risk adjustment to individual contracts. The fair value of all derivative instruments in net liability positions under contracts with credit risk-related contingent features, including contracts under the normal purchase normal sale exception, was $24 million as of September 30, 2024, compared with $28 million as of December 31, 2023. TEP had no cash posted as collateral to provide credit enhancement as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. TEP would have been required to post $24 million and $28 million of collateral if the credit risk contingent features had been triggered on September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. TEP had $15 million and $13 million in outstanding net payable balances for settled positions as of September 30, 2024 , and December 31, 2023 , respectively. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE The fair value of a financial instrument is the market price to sell an asset or transfer a liability at the measurement date. Due to the short-term nature of borrowings under revolving credit facilities approximating fair value, they have been excluded from the table below. The use of different estimation methods and/or market assumptions may yield different estimated fair value amounts. The following table includes the net carrying value and estimated fair value of TEP's long-term debt: Fair Value Hierarchy Net Carrying Value Fair Value (in millions) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Liabilities Long-Term Debt, including Current Maturities Level 2 $ 2,794 $ 2,397 $ 2,579 $ 2,127 |