Major Customers, Partnerships and Strategic Alliances | NOTE 5—MAJOR CUSTOMERS, PARTNERSHIPS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES Collaboration Agreements Collaboration and License Agreement with Biogen Inc. in Human Therapeutics In January 2014 the Company entered into a Global Research, Development and Commercialization Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Biogen Agreement”) with Biogen, pursuant to which Sangamo and Biogen collaborate to discover, develop, seek regulatory approval for and commercialize therapeutics based on Sangamo’s zinc finger DNA-binding protein (ZFP) technology for hemoglobinopathies, including beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). Under the Biogen Agreement, Sangamo and Biogen jointly conduct two research programs: the beta-thalassemia program and the SCD program. For the beta-thalassemia program, Sangamo is responsible for all discovery, research and development activities through the first human clinical trial for the first ZFP Therapeutic developed under the Biogen Agreement for the treatment of beta-thalassemia. For the SCD program, both parties are responsible for research and development activities through the submission of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for ZFP Therapeutics intended to treat SCD. For both programs, Biogen is responsible for subsequent world-wide clinical development, manufacturing and commercialization of licensed products developed under the Biogen Agreement. At the end of specified research terms for each program or under certain specified circumstances, Biogen retains the right to step in and take over any remaining activities of Sangamo. Furthermore, Sangamo has an option to co-promote in the United States any licensed product to treat beta-thalassemia and SCD developed under the Biogen Agreement, and Biogen agrees to compensate Sangamo for such co-promotion activities. Sangamo received an upfront license fee of $20.0 million upon entering into the Biogen Agreement. In addition, the Company will also be eligible to receive $126.3 million in payments upon the achievement of specified research, regulatory, clinical development milestones, as well as $167.5 million in payments upon the achievement of specified commercialization and sales milestones. Biogen reimburses Sangamo for agreed upon costs incurred in connection with research and development activities conducted by Sangamo. In addition, Sangamo is eligible to receive contingent payments upon the achievement of specified regulatory, clinical development, commercialization and sales milestones. The total amount of potential regulatory, clinical development, commercialization and sales contingent payments, assuming the achievement of all specified milestone events in the Biogen Agreement, is $293.8 million, including Phase 1 contingent payments of $7.5 million for each of the beta-thalassemia and SCD programs. In addition, if products are commercialized under the Biogen Agreement, Biogen will pay Sangamo incremental royalties for each licensed product that are a tiered double-digit percentage of annual net sales of such product. To date, no milestone payments have been received and no products have been approved and therefore no royalty fees have been earned under the Biogen Agreement. All contingent payments under the Biogen Agreement, when earned, will be non-refundable and non-creditable. The Company has evaluated the contingent payments under the Biogen Agreement based on the authoritative guidance for research and development milestones and determined that certain of these payments meet the definition of a milestone and that all such milestones are evaluated to determine if they are considered substantive milestones. Milestones are considered substantive if they are related to events (i) that can be achieved based in whole or in part on either the Company’s performance or on the occurrence of a specific outcome resulting from the Company’s performance, (ii) for which there was substantive uncertainty at the date the agreement was entered into that the event would be achieved and (iii) that would result in additional payments being due to the Company. Accordingly, consideration received for the achievement of milestones that are determined to be substantive will be recognized as revenue in their entirety in the period when the milestones are achieved and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue for the achievement of milestones that are not substantive will be recognized over the remaining period of the Biogen Agreement, assuming all other applicable revenue recognition criteria have been met. Subject to the terms of the Biogen Agreement, Sangamo grants Biogen an exclusive, royalty-bearing license, with the right to grant sublicenses, to use certain ZFP and other technology controlled by Sangamo for the purpose of researching, developing, manufacturing and commercializing licensed products developed under the Biogen Agreement. Sangamo also grants Biogen a non-exclusive, world-wide, royalty free, fully paid license, with the right to grant sublicenses, of Sangamo’s interest in certain other intellectual property developed pursuant to the Biogen Agreement. The Company has identified the deliverables within the arrangement as a license to the technology and on-going research services activities. The Company has concluded that the license is not a separate unit of accounting as it does not have stand-alone value to Biogen apart from the research services to be performed pursuant to the Biogen Agreement. As a result, the Company will recognize revenue from the upfront payment on a straight-line basis over a forty-month estimated initial research term during which the Company will perform research services. As of September 30, 2015, the Company has deferred revenue of $10.2 million related to the Biogen Agreement. Revenues recognized under the agreement with Biogen for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Revenue related to Biogen Collaboration: Recognition of upfront fee $ 1,556 $ 1,557 $ 4,619 $ 3,756 Research services 2,594 3,508 5,827 5,270 Total $ 4,150 $ 5,065 $ 10,446 $ 9,026 Related costs and expenses incurred under the Biogen agreement related to the beta-thalassemia project, which was co-funded with California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), were $2.3 million and $2.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and, 2014, respectively and $4.7 million and $4.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and, 2014, respectively. Related costs and expenses for other projects including sickle cell disease under the Biogen agreement were $0.7 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and, 2014, respectively and $2.7 million and $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Collaboration and License Agreement with Shire International GmbH in Human Therapeutics and Diagnostics In January 2012 the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the “Shire Agreement”) with Shire, pursuant to which the Company and Shire collaborate to research, develop and commercialize human therapeutics and diagnostics for monogenic diseases based on Sangamo’s novel ZFP technology. This agreement was amended on September 1, 2015. Under the original Shire Agreement, the Company and Shire agreed to develop potential human therapeutic or diagnostic products for seven gene targets. The initial four gene targets selected were blood clotting Factors VII, VIII, IX and X, and products developed for such initial gene targets will be used for treating or diagnosing hemophilia A and B. In June 2012, Shire selected a fifth gene target for the development of a ZFP Therapeutic for Huntington’s disease. Shire had the right, subject to certain limitations, to designate two additional gene targets. Pursuant to the Shire Agreement, the Company granted Shire an exclusive, world-wide, royalty-bearing license, with the right to grant sublicenses, to use Sangamo’s ZFP technology for the purpose of developing and commercializing human therapeutic and diagnostic products for the gene targets. Under the terms of the Shire Agreement, the Company was responsible for all research activities through the submission of an IND or European Clinical Trial Application (CTA), while Shire was responsible for clinical development and commercialization of products generated from the research program from and after the acceptance of an IND or CTA for the product. Shire reimbursed Sangamo for agreed upon internal and external program-related research costs. The Company received an upfront license fee of $13.0 million upon entering into the Shire Agreement in 2012. In 2014 Sangamo recognized a $1.0 million milestone payment related to the hemophilia program. On September 1, 2015, the Shire Agreement was amended such that Shire agreed to return to Sangamo the exclusive, world-wide rights to gene targets for the development and commercialization of ZFP Therapeutics for hemophilia A and B. Shire retains the rights and will continue to develop a ZFP Therapeutic for Huntington’s disease and a ZFP Therapeutic for one additional gene target yet to be named. Sangamo will provide certain target feasibility services, and upon Shire’s request, certain research activities according to a research plan as agreed upon by both companies. Such research activities performed by Sangamo will be reimbursed by Shire. Shire’s rights with respect to other targets contemplated in the original agreement revert to Sangamo. Under the revised agreement, each company is responsible for expenses associated with its own programs and will reimburse the other for any ongoing services provided. Shire is responsible for reimbursement of $4.0 million related to obligations prior to the amendment date which will be recognized in revenue as expenses are incurred. During the 3 months ended September 30, 2015, $2.3 million was incurred and recognized related to prior obligations. Sangamo has granted Shire a right of first negotiation to license the hemophilia A and B programs. Under the amended agreement, Shire does not have any milestone payment obligations to us with respect to the retained programs, but it is required to pay single digit percentage royalties to us, up to a specified maximum cap, on the commercial sales of ZFP therapeutic products from such programs. Under the Agreement, Sangamo has full control over, and full responsibility for the costs of, the hemophilia programs returned to us, subject to certain diligence obligations and Shire’s right of first negotiation to obtain a license to such programs under certain circumstances. The Company is required to pay single digit percentage royalties to Shire, up to a specified maximum cap, on commercial sales of ZFP therapeutic products from such returned programs. The Company has identified the deliverables within the amended arrangement as a license to the technology and on-going research services activities. The Company has concluded that the license is not a separate unit of accounting as it does not have stand-alone value to Shire apart from the research services to be performed pursuant to the Shire amendment. Sangamo continues to be responsible for research activities related to our licensed technology with Shire under the amendment. As a result, the Company will continue to recognize revenue from the upfront payment received upon entering into the original Shire agreement in 2012 on a straight-line basis over the six-year initial research term during which the Company expects to perform research services. As of September 30, 2015, the Company has deferred revenue of $7.1 million related to the Shire Agreement. Revenues recognized under the agreement with Shire for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Revenue related to Shire Collaboration: Recognition of upfront fee $ 542 $ 542 $ 1,625 $ 1,625 Recognition of milestone — 1,000 — 1,000 Research services 3,313 5,002 11,729 15,912 Total $ 3,855 $ 6,544 $ 13,354 $ 18,537 Related costs and expenses incurred under the Shire agreement were $3.2 million and $5.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $11.9 million and $15.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Agreement with Sigma-Aldrich Corporation in Laboratory Research Reagents, Transgenic Animal and Commercial Protein Production Cell-line Engineering In July 2007 the Company entered into a license agreement (the “Sigma Agreement”) with Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (Sigma). Under the Sigma Agreement, Sangamo agreed to provide Sigma with access to Sangamo’s proprietary ZFP technology and the exclusive right to use the technology to develop and commercialize research reagent products and services in the research field, excluding certain agricultural research uses that Sangamo previously licensed to Dow AgroSciences LLC (DAS). Under the Sigma Agreement, Sangamo and Sigma agreed to conduct a three-year research program to develop laboratory research reagents using Sangamo’s ZFP technology during which time Sangamo agreed to assist Sigma in connection with its efforts to market and sell services employing the Company’s ZFP technology in the research field. Sangamo has transferred its ZFP manufacturing technology to Sigma. In October 2009 the Company expanded the Sigma Agreement. In addition to the original terms of the Sigma Agreement, Sigma received exclusive rights to develop and distribute ZFP-modified cell lines for commercial production of protein pharmaceuticals and certain ZFP-engineered transgenic animals for commercial applications. Under the terms of the Sigma Agreement as expanded in 2009, Sigma made an upfront cash payment of $20.0 million consisting of a $4.9 million purchase of 636,133 shares of Sangamo common stock and a $15.1 million upfront license fee. The upfront license fee was recognized on a straight-line basis from the effective date of the expanded license through July 2010, which represents the period over which Sangamo was obligated to perform research services for Sigma. Sangamo is also eligible to receive commercial license fees of $5.0 million based upon a percentage of net sales. As of September 30, 2015 Sangamo has received the entire $5.0 million of commercial license fees and is eligible to receive royalty payments of 5.25% of net sales and sublicensing revenue. In addition, upon the achievement of certain cumulative commercial milestones Sigma will make milestone payments to Sangamo up to an aggregate of $25.0 million. Revenues recognized under the agreement with Sigma for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Revenue related to Sigma Collaboration: Royalty revenues $ 97 $ 67 $ 390 $ 270 License fee revenues 172 269 4,449 447 Total $ 269 $ 336 $ 4,839 $ 717 Related costs and expenses incurred under the Sigma agreement were both $0.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Related costs and expenses incurred under the Sigma agreement were $0.3 million and $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Agreement with Dow AgroSciences in Plant Agriculture In October 2005 the Company entered into an exclusive commercial license agreement with DAS (the “DAS Agreement”). Under the DAS Agreement, Sangamo provides DAS with access to Sangamo’s proprietary ZFP technology and the exclusive right to use the technology to modify the genomes or alter the nucleic acid or protein expression of plant cells, plants, or plant cell cultures. Sangamo has retained rights to use plants or plant-derived products to deliver ZFP transcription factors (ZFP TFs) or ZFP nucleases (ZFNs) into humans or animals for diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. The DAS Agreement provided for an initial three-year research term. In June 2008, DAS exercised its option under the agreement to obtain a commercial license to sell products incorporating or derived from plant cells generated using the Company’s ZFP technology, including agricultural crops, industrial products and plant-derived biopharmaceuticals. The exercise of the option triggered a one-time commercial license fee of $6.0 million, payment of the remaining $2.3 million of the previously agreed $4.0 million in research milestones, development and commercialization milestone payments for each product, and royalties on sales of products. Furthermore, DAS has the right to sublicense Sangamo’s ZFP technology to third parties for use in plant cells, plants or plant cell cultures. Sangamo will be entitled to 25% of any cash consideration received by DAS under such sublicenses. In December 2010, the Company amended the DAS Agreement to extend the period of reagent manufacturing services and research services through December 31, 2012. The DAS Agreement also provides for minimum license fees each year due to Sangamo every October, provided the Agreement is not terminated by DAS. Annual fees range from $250,000 to $3.0 million and total $25.3 million over 11 years. The Company does not have any ongoing performance obligations under the agreement with DAS. DAS has the right to terminate the agreement at any time; accordingly, the Company’s actual license fees over the term of the DAS Agreement could be lower than $25.3 million. In addition, each party may terminate the DAS Agreement upon an uncured material breach by the other party. In the event of any termination of the DAS Agreement, all rights to use the Company’s ZFP technology will revert to Sangamo, and DAS will no longer be permitted access to Sangamo’s ZFP technology or to develop or, except in limited circumstances, commercialize any products derived from the Company’s ZFP technology. There were no revenues or related costs and expenses recognized under the DAS Agreement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Funding from Research Foundations California Institute for Regenerative Medicine - HIV In May 2014 CIRM agreed to fund a $5.6 million Strategic Partnership Award to fund the clinical studies of this potentially curative ZFP Therapeutic for HIV/AIDS based on the application of its ZFN genome editing technology in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The four year grant provides matching funds to support evaluation of the Company’s stem cell-based ZFP Therapeutic in a clinical trial in HIV-infected individuals conducted at City of Hope. There were no revenues attributable to research and development performed under the Strategic Partnership Award during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Related costs and expenses incurred under the CIRM Strategic Partnership Award were $0.6 million and $0.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $1.3 million and $0.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. California Institute for Regenerative Medicine - Beta-Thalassemia In May 2013 CIRM granted Sangamo a $6.4 million Strategic Partnership Award to develop a potentially curative ZFP Therapeutic for beta-thalassemia based on the application of its ZFN gene editing technology in HSCs. The four-year grant was intended to provide matching funds for preclinical work to support an IND application and a Phase 1 clinical trial in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients using the BCL11A knockout strategy. In May 2015 Sangamo announced a consolidated development path for its beta-thalassemia and SCD programs using the “BCL11A Enhancer” target. Due to the switch to the BCL11A Enhancer strategy, CIRM and Sangamo terminated the Strategic Partnership Award as of June 30, 2015. Sangamo returned $3.0 million in unused funds received from CIRM under the award during the three months ended September 30, 2015. Revenue attributable to research and development performed under the CIRM grant agreement for beta-thalassemia was $0.0 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $1.2 million and $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Related costs and expenses incurred under the CIRM grant agreement were $0.0 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $1.2 million and $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. |