Loans Receivable, Net | Loans Receivable, Net Loans receivable, net at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 502,760 $ 396,434 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 1,220,983 792,653 Commercial real estate – investor 3,331,662 2,296,410 Total commercial 5,055,405 3,485,497 Consumer: Residential real estate 2,458,641 2,321,157 Home equity loans and lines 335,624 318,576 Other consumer 82,920 89,422 Total consumer 2,877,185 2,729,155 Total loans 7,932,590 6,214,652 Deferred origination costs, net 10,586 9,880 Allowance for credit losses (29,635 ) (16,852 ) Total loans, net $ 7,913,541 $ 6,207,680 The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower. Special Mention : Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following table summarizes total loans by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands): 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total March 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 7,718 $ 61,109 $ 60,217 $ 47,452 $ 47,051 $ 111,383 $ 147,529 $ 482,459 Special Mention — — 112 832 712 54 800 2,510 Substandard 400 — 3,912 1,497 72 7,877 4,033 17,791 Total commercial and industrial 8,118 61,109 64,241 49,781 47,835 119,314 152,362 502,760 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 59,276 154,245 138,376 143,086 136,276 531,105 22,560 1,184,924 Special Mention — 191 — 1,399 1,396 1,439 306 4,731 Substandard — 2,138 410 2,431 2,391 23,958 — 31,328 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 59,276 156,574 138,786 146,916 140,063 556,502 22,866 1,220,983 Commercial real estate - investor Pass 200,651 662,802 410,180 511,079 345,525 983,984 144,341 3,258,562 Special Mention — 29 — 3,031 5,950 19,709 8,768 37,487 Substandard — 178 664 — 5,069 25,691 4,011 35,613 Total commercial real estate - investor 200,651 663,009 410,844 514,110 356,544 1,029,384 157,120 3,331,662 Residential real estate Pass 138,889 588,723 347,761 220,624 182,541 976,664 — 2,455,202 Special Mention — — — 221 144 3,074 — 3,439 Substandard — — — — — — — — Total residential real estate 138,889 588,723 347,761 220,845 182,685 979,738 — 2,458,641 Consumer Pass 6,665 37,024 119,311 34,358 21,322 194,187 2,514 415,381 Special Mention — — — — — 530 — 530 Substandard — — 35 — — 2,598 — 2,633 Total consumer 6,665 37,024 119,346 34,358 21,322 197,315 2,514 418,544 Total loans $ 413,599 $ 1,506,439 $ 1,080,978 $ 966,010 $ 748,449 $ 2,882,253 $ 334,862 $ 7,932,590 An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Unallocated Total For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 1,458 $ 2,893 $ 9,883 $ 2,002 $ 591 $ 25 $ 16,852 Impact of CECL adoption 2,416 (1,109 ) (5,395 ) 3,833 2,981 (25 ) 2,701 Credit loss expense 1,529 1,286 2,377 3,585 (180 ) — 8,597 Initial allowance for credit losses on PCD loans 1,221 26 260 109 1,023 2,639 Charge-offs — — — (1,275 ) (109 ) — (1,384 ) Recoveries 25 — 34 163 8 — 230 Balance at end of period $ 6,649 $ 3,096 $ 7,159 $ 8,417 $ 4,314 $ — $ 29,635 For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 1,609 $ 2,277 $ 8,770 $ 2,413 $ 486 $ 1,022 $ 16,577 Credit loss (benefit) expense (19 ) 1,550 (802 ) (23 ) (110 ) 24 620 Charge-offs — (389 ) (21 ) (427 ) (31 ) — (868 ) Recoveries 57 — 295 2 22 — 376 Balance at end of period $ 1,647 $ 3,438 $ 8,242 $ 1,965 $ 367 $ 1,046 $ 16,705 A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. At March 31, 2020 , the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial and industrial of $782,000 , commercial real estate - owner occupied of $4.2 million , and commercial real estate - investor of $7.6 million . In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $3.3 million at March 31, 2020 . The amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company was $334,000 at March 31, 2020 . In accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2019 , excluding PCD loans (in thousands): Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate – Investor Residential Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total December 31, 2019 Allowance for credit losses: Ending allowance balance attributed to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 474 $ — $ — $ 2 $ — $ 476 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,458 2,419 9,883 2,002 589 25 16,376 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,458 $ 2,893 $ 9,883 $ 2,002 $ 591 $ 25 $ 16,852 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 243 $ 6,163 $ 5,584 $ 11,009 $ 3,511 $ — $ 26,510 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 395,848 785,778 2,279,114 2,309,812 404,325 — 6,174,877 Total ending loan balance $ 396,091 $ 791,941 $ 2,284,698 $ 2,320,821 $ 407,836 $ — $ 6,201,387 As of December 31, 2019, the Company defined an impaired loan as non-accrual commercial real estate, multi-family, land, construction and commercial loans in excess of $250,000 . Impaired loans also include all loans modified as troubled debt restructurings. At December 31, 2019 , the impaired loan portfolio totaled $26.5 million for which there was $476,000 specific allocation in the allowance for credit losses. The average balance of impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $32.1 million . In accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the summary of loans individually evaluated for impairment by loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , is as follows, excluding PCI loans (in thousands): Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Credit Losses Allocated As of December 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 265 $ 243 $ — Commercial real estate – owner occupied 4,062 3,968 — Commercial real estate – investor 6,665 5,584 — Residential real estate 11,009 11,009 — Consumer 3,734 3,509 — $ 25,735 $ 24,313 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate – owner occupied 2,376 2,195 474 Commercial real estate – investor — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer 2 2 2 $ 2,378 $ 2,197 $ 476 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 938 $ 3 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 4,153 42 Commercial real estate – investor 11,667 136 Residential real estate 10,046 131 Consumer 3,071 46 $ 29,875 $ 358 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — Commercial real estate – owner occupied 2,250 36 Commercial real estate – investor — — Residential real estate — — Consumer — — $ 2,250 $ 36 The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands). The March 31, 2020 balances include PCD loans while the December 31, 2019 balances exclude PCI loans (in accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020). March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 782 $ 207 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 4,219 4,811 Commercial real estate – investor 9,123 2,917 Residential real estate 6,690 7,181 Consumer 3,075 2,733 $ 23,889 $ 17,849 At March 31, 2020 , there were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans are in non-accrual status. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , loans in the amount of $23.9 million and $17.8 million , respectively, were three or more months delinquent or in the process of foreclosure. At March 31, 2020 , the non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , there were no loans that were ninety days or greater past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands). The March 31, 2020 balances include PCD loans while the December 31, 2019 balances exclude PCI loans (in accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020). 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Not Past Due Total March 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 3,052 $ 575 $ 207 $ 3,834 $ 498,926 $ 502,760 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 8,883 1,307 392 10,582 1,210,401 1,220,983 Commercial real estate – investor 19,152 2,595 7,466 29,213 3,302,449 3,331,662 Residential real estate 18,363 206 3,234 21,803 2,436,838 2,458,641 Consumer 1,825 530 2,633 4,988 413,556 418,544 $ 51,275 $ 5,213 $ 13,932 $ 70,420 $ 7,862,170 $ 7,932,590 December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 100 $ — $ 207 $ 307 $ 395,784 $ 396,091 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 1,541 1,203 1,040 3,784 788,157 791,941 Commercial real estate – investor 381 938 2,792 4,111 2,280,587 2,284,698 Residential real estate 8,161 3,487 2,859 14,507 2,306,314 2,320,821 Consumer 1,048 491 2,388 3,927 403,909 407,836 $ 11,231 $ 6,119 $ 9,286 $ 26,636 $ 6,174,751 $ 6,201,387 The Company classifies certain loans as troubled debt restructurings when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty are modified. The modifications may include a reduction in rate, an extension in term, the capitalization of past due amounts and/or the restructuring of scheduled principal payments. One-to-four family and consumer loans where the borrower’s debt is discharged in a bankruptcy filing are also considered troubled debt restructurings. For these loans, the Bank retains its security interest in the real estate collateral. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans totaled $22.4 million and $24.6 million , respectively. Included in the non-accrual loan total at March 31, 2020 , and December 31, 2019 , were $6.2 million and $6.6 million , respectively, of troubled debt restructurings. At March 31, 2020 , and December 31, 2019 , the Company had $424,000 and $476,000 , respectively, of specific reserves allocated to loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings. Non-accrual loans which become troubled debt restructurings are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the troubled debt restructurings included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has loans classified as accruing troubled debt restructurings at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , which totaled $16.1 million and $18.0 million , respectively. The following table presents information about troubled debt restructurings which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 , and troubled debt restructurings modified within the previous year and which defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Number of Loans Pre-modification Recorded Investment Post-modification Recorded Investment Three months ended March 31, 2020 Troubled Debt Restructurings: Consumer 4 $ 159 $ 177 Residential real estate 2 226 234 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Troubled Debt Restructurings Which Subsequently Defaulted: None None Number of Loans Pre-modification Recorded Investment Post-modification Recorded Investment Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Troubled Debt Restructurings: Residential real estate 3 589 621 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Troubled Debt Restructurings Which Subsequently Defaulted None None In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to customers, a short-term modification program that complies with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. This program allows for a deferral of payments for 90 days, which may extend for an additional 90 days, for a maximum of 180 days on a cumulative and successive basis. The deferred payments along with interest accrued during the deferral period are due and payable on the maturity date. Under recently issued guidance, provided these loans were current as of either year end or the date of the modification, these loans are not considered TDR loans at March 31, 2020 and will not be reported as past due during the deferral period. As part of the Two River and Country Bank acquisitions, the Company has purchased loans, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of those loans is as follows (in thousands): Two River January 1, 2020 Country Bank January 1, 2020 Purchase price of loans at acquisition $ 26,104 $ 24,667 Allowance for credit losses at acquisition 1,343 1,296 Non-credit discount at acquisition 2,562 5,334 Par value of acquired loans at acquisition $ 30,009 $ 31,297 In accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13,the following table summarizes the changes in accretable yield for PCI loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2019 Beginning balance $ 3,630 Acquisition 1,171 Accretion (653 ) Reclassification from non-accretable difference 45 Ending balance $ 4,193 |