Loans Receivable, Net | Loans Receivable, Net Loans receivable, net at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Commercial: Commercial and industrial (1) $ 498,245 $ 470,656 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 1,066,351 1,145,065 Commercial real estate – investor 3,804,351 3,491,464 Total commercial 5,368,947 5,107,185 Consumer: Residential real estate 2,189,348 2,309,459 Home equity loans and lines 267,591 285,016 Other consumer 46,651 54,446 Total consumer 2,503,590 2,648,921 Total loans receivable 7,872,537 7,756,106 Deferred origination costs, net 8,029 9,486 Allowance for loan credit losses (59,976) (60,735) Total loans receivable, net $ 7,820,590 $ 7,704,857 (1) The commercial and industrial loans balance at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $109.7 million and $95.4 million, respectively. The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Generally, risk ratings for loans on forbearance pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act are not re-evaluated until the initial 90-day forbearance period ends. At that time, risk ratings are updated with an emphasis on industries that were heavily impacted by the pandemic, as well as individual borrower liquidity, and other measures of resiliency as described below. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis and as such, adversely rated loans will be re-evaluated as government restrictions end and businesses resume normal operations. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower. Special Mention : Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. This includes borrowers that have been negatively affected by the pandemic but demonstrate some degree of liquidity. This liquidity may or may not be adequate to resume operations. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. This includes borrowers whose operations were negatively affected by the pandemic and whom, in our assessment, do not have adequate liquidity available to resume operations at levels sufficient to service their current debt levels. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands): 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total March 31, 2021 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 68,908 $ 85,402 $ 35,616 $ 25,960 $ 13,952 $ 88,010 $ 161,358 $ 479,206 Special Mention — 334 1,866 776 1,328 706 2,029 7,039 Substandard — 567 1,279 881 754 2,033 6,486 12,000 Total commercial and industrial 68,908 86,303 38,761 27,617 16,034 90,749 169,873 498,245 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 20,780 72,657 120,065 122,007 115,902 496,736 10,127 958,274 Special Mention — — 3,488 6,556 1,973 32,144 278 44,439 Substandard — — 14,377 8,926 2,874 36,912 549 63,638 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 20,780 72,657 137,930 137,489 120,749 565,792 10,954 1,066,351 Commercial real estate - investor Pass 399,267 656,812 603,104 306,120 420,926 997,722 214,003 3,597,954 Special Mention — — 25,847 17,113 14,086 41,043 — 98,089 Substandard — 4,311 29,576 1,962 18,244 47,845 6,370 108,308 Total commercial real estate - investor 399,267 661,123 658,527 325,195 453,256 1,086,610 220,373 3,804,351 Residential real estate (1) Pass 122,744 553,741 387,283 188,276 145,840 789,192 — 2,187,076 Special Mention — — 198 — — 335 — 533 Substandard — — — — 221 1,518 — 1,739 Total residential real estate 122,744 553,741 387,481 188,276 146,061 791,045 — 2,189,348 Consumer (1) Pass 5,331 23,648 24,022 72,429 23,595 159,762 2,038 310,825 Special Mention — — 54 18 — 49 — 121 Substandard — — — 17 — 3,279 — 3,296 Total consumer 5,331 23,648 24,076 72,464 23,595 163,090 2,038 314,242 Total loans $ 617,030 $ 1,397,472 $ 1,246,775 $ 751,041 $ 759,695 $ 2,697,286 $ 403,238 $ 7,872,537 (1) For residential real estate and consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total December 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 137,262 $ 40,737 $ 27,967 $ 18,845 $ 33,568 $ 59,339 $ 134,140 $ 451,858 Special Mention 150 583 826 1,422 907 118 1,429 5,435 Substandard 581 1,284 1,243 809 439 1,706 7,301 13,363 Total commercial and industrial 137,993 42,604 30,036 21,076 34,914 61,163 142,870 470,656 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 96,888 114,506 122,962 124,050 104,264 428,423 18,932 1,010,025 Special Mention — 3,512 8,240 1,023 17,115 17,811 439 48,140 Substandard — 34,670 9,001 3,404 3,677 35,509 639 86,900 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 96,888 152,688 140,203 128,477 125,056 481,743 20,010 1,145,065 Commercial real estate - investor Pass 635,930 628,435 317,104 426,268 281,876 812,062 194,913 3,296,588 Special Mention — 15,979 17,113 15,225 4,234 55,872 149 108,572 Substandard 4,311 9,217 1,931 17,222 11,474 36,326 5,823 86,304 Total commercial real estate - investor 640,241 653,631 336,148 458,715 297,584 904,260 200,885 3,491,464 Residential real estate (1) Pass 595,982 437,593 226,435 166,773 146,237 729,037 — 2,302,057 Special Mention — 532 — — 446 2,186 — 3,164 Substandard 570 — 1,489 221 — 1,958 — 4,238 Total residential real estate 596,552 438,125 227,924 166,994 146,683 733,181 — 2,309,459 Consumer (1) Pass 24,954 26,659 83,296 25,469 16,565 156,276 2,145 335,364 Special Mention — — — — 150 382 — 532 Substandard — — — — — 3,566 — 3,566 Total consumer 24,954 26,659 83,296 25,469 16,715 160,224 2,145 339,462 Total loans $ 1,496,628 $ 1,313,707 $ 817,607 $ 800,731 $ 620,952 $ 2,340,571 $ 365,910 $ 7,756,106 (1) For residential real estate and consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Unallocated Total For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 5,390 $ 15,054 $ 26,703 $ 11,818 $ 1,770 $ — $ 60,735 Credit loss (benefit) expense (2,875) (7,257) 10,149 (335) (721) — (1,039) Charge-offs — — (34) (242) (80) — (356) Recoveries 26 30 104 39 437 — 636 Balance at end of period $ 2,541 $ 7,827 $ 36,922 $ 11,280 $ 1,406 $ — $ 59,976 For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 1,458 $ 2,893 $ 9,883 $ 2,002 $ 591 $ 25 $ 16,852 Impact of CECL adoption 2,416 (1,109) (5,395) 3,833 2,981 (25) 2,701 Credit loss expense (benefit) 1,529 1,286 2,377 3,585 (180) — 8,597 Initial allowance for credit losses on PCD loans 1,221 26 260 109 1,023 — 2,639 Charge-offs — — — (1,275) (109) — (1,384) Recoveries 25 — 34 163 8 — 230 Balance at end of period $ 6,649 $ 3,096 $ 7,159 $ 8,417 $ 4,314 $ — $ 29,635 A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial and industrial of $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $12.3 million and $13.8 million, respectively, and commercial real estate - investor of $18.5 million and $18.3 million, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $1.3 million and $1.4 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company were $106,000 and $106,000, respectively. The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 1,689 $ 1,908 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 12,345 13,751 Commercial real estate – investor 18,520 18,287 Residential real estate 6,422 8,671 Consumer 3,782 4,246 $ 42,758 $ 46,863 At March 31, 2021, the non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no loans that were 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands): 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Loans Not Total March 31, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 169 $ 669 $ 394 $ 1,232 $ 497,013 $ 498,245 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 649 — 7,719 8,368 1,057,983 1,066,351 Commercial real estate – investor 3,377 — 9,047 12,424 3,791,927 3,804,351 Residential real estate 11,031 533 1,739 13,303 2,176,045 2,189,348 Consumer 1,873 120 3,298 5,291 308,951 314,242 $ 17,099 $ 1,322 $ 22,197 $ 40,618 $ 7,831,919 $ 7,872,537 December 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 3,050 $ 628 $ 327 $ 4,005 $ 466,651 $ 470,656 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 1,015 — 7,871 8,886 1,136,179 1,145,065 Commercial real estate – investor 8,897 3,233 11,122 23,252 3,468,212 3,491,464 Residential real estate 15,156 3,164 4,238 22,558 2,286,901 2,309,459 Consumer 978 533 3,568 5,079 334,383 339,462 $ 29,096 $ 7,558 $ 27,126 $ 63,780 $ 7,692,326 $ 7,756,106 The Company classifies certain loans as troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty are modified. The modifications may include a reduction in rate, an extension in term, the capitalization of past due amounts and/or the restructuring of scheduled principal payments. Residential real estate and consumer loans where the borrower’s debt is discharged in a bankruptcy filing are also considered TDR loans. For these loans, the Bank retains its security interest in the real estate collateral. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, TDR loans totaled $16.6 million and $17.5 million, respectively. Included in the non-accrual loan total at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $5.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of TDR loans. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no specific reserves allocated to loans that are classified as TDR loans. Non-accrual loans which become TDR loans are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the TDR loans included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has loans classified as accruing TDR loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, which totaled $11.5 million and $12.0 million, respectively. The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Number of Loans Pre-modification Post-modification Three months ended March 31, 2021 Troubled debt restructurings: Consumer 2 $ 26 $ 33 Number of Loans Pre-modification Post-modification Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Troubled debt restructurings: Consumer 4 $ 159 $ 177 Residential real estate 2 226 234 There were no TDR loans that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 which were modified within the preceding year. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact on customers, short-term modification programs that comply with the CARES Act were implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The Commercial Borrower Relief Program allowed for the deferral of principal and interest or principal only. For principal and interest deferrals as well as principal only deferrals, all payments received will first be applied to all accrued and |