Loans Receivable, Net | Loans Receivable, Net Loans receivable, net at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2022 2021 Commercial: Commercial real estate – investor $ 4,607,880 $ 4,378,061 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 1,057,246 1,055,065 Commercial and industrial (1) 502,739 449,224 Total commercial 6,167,865 5,882,350 Consumer: Residential real estate 2,687,927 2,479,701 Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”) 253,184 260,819 Total consumer 2,941,111 2,740,520 Total loans receivable 9,108,976 8,622,870 Deferred origination costs, net of fees 7,301 9,332 Allowance for loan credit losses (50,598) (48,850) Total loans receivable, net $ 9,065,679 $ 8,583,352 (1) The commercial and industrial loans balance at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 includes Paycheck Protection Program loans of $15.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively. The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Generally, risk ratings for loans on forbearance pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (“CRRSA”) Act of 2021, were not re-evaluated until the initial 90-day forbearance period ended. At that time, risk ratings were updated with an emphasis on industries that were heavily impacted by the pandemic, as well as individual borrower liquidity, and other measures of resiliency as described below. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis and as such, adversely rated loans will be re-evaluated as government restrictions ease and businesses resume normal operations. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower. Special Mention : Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. This includes borrowers that have been negatively affected by the pandemic but demonstrate some degree of liquidity. This liquidity may or may not be adequate to resume operations. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. This includes borrowers whose operations were negatively affected by the pandemic and whom, in the assessment, do not have adequate liquidity available to resume operations at levels sufficient to service their current debt levels. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands): 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total March 31, 2022 Commercial real estate - investor Pass $ 325,263 $ 1,368,731 $ 611,037 $ 537,525 $ 262,169 $ 1,110,883 $ 277,149 $ 4,492,757 Special Mention — — — 19,416 9,378 31,267 655 60,716 Substandard — — — 21,625 83 30,803 1,896 54,407 Total commercial real estate - investor 325,263 1,368,731 611,037 578,566 271,630 1,172,953 279,700 4,607,880 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 36,220 119,031 73,971 123,635 90,325 530,927 10,408 984,517 Special Mention — — — 10,851 4,610 9,395 260 25,116 Substandard — — — 4,600 7,722 35,128 163 47,613 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 36,220 119,031 73,971 139,086 102,657 575,450 10,831 1,057,246 Commercial and industrial Pass 17,126 36,479 20,194 19,933 14,809 57,415 324,808 490,764 Special Mention — — — 658 269 325 3,207 4,459 Substandard — — 423 1,764 813 2,124 2,392 7,516 Total commercial and industrial 17,126 36,479 20,617 22,355 15,891 59,864 330,407 502,739 Residential real estate (1) Pass 313,669 869,552 453,895 267,613 114,815 665,096 — 2,684,640 Special Mention — — — 684 — 461 — 1,145 Substandard — — — — — 2,142 — 2,142 Total residential real estate 313,669 869,552 453,895 268,297 114,815 667,699 — 2,687,927 Other consumer (1) Pass 6,056 27,264 17,848 17,712 48,383 133,500 — 250,763 Special Mention — — — — — 175 — 175 Substandard — — — — 60 2,186 — 2,246 Total other consumer 6,056 27,264 17,848 17,712 48,443 135,861 — 253,184 Total loans $ 698,334 $ 2,421,057 $ 1,177,368 $ 1,026,016 $ 553,436 $ 2,611,827 $ 620,938 $ 9,108,976 (1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total December 31, 2021 Commercial real estate - investor Pass $ 1,387,753 $ 609,916 $ 535,551 $ 274,662 $ 375,646 $ 800,089 $ 255,613 $ 4,239,230 Special Mention — — 23,794 9,400 2,731 28,663 582 65,170 Substandard — 4,267 28,802 468 8,495 28,228 3,401 73,661 Total commercial real estate - investor 1,387,753 614,183 588,147 284,530 386,872 856,980 259,596 4,378,061 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 116,355 71,196 125,212 91,531 109,232 449,966 10,913 974,405 Special Mention — — 1,365 3,829 479 14,371 2 20,046 Substandard — — 14,166 8,549 5,606 31,576 717 60,614 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 116,355 71,196 140,743 103,909 115,317 495,913 11,632 1,055,065 Commercial and industrial Pass 42,955 22,573 22,878 16,404 8,671 50,887 271,818 436,186 Special Mention — — 231 350 85 172 3,645 4,483 Substandard — 457 2,281 813 198 2,029 2,777 8,555 Total commercial and industrial 42,955 23,030 25,390 17,567 8,954 53,088 278,240 449,224 Residential real estate (1) Pass 876,135 475,134 288,699 127,756 105,385 602,331 — 2,475,440 Special Mention — 212 — 61 — 1,313 — 1,586 Substandard — — — — 351 2,324 — 2,675 Total residential real estate 876,135 475,346 288,699 127,817 105,736 605,968 — 2,479,701 Other consumer (1) Pass 26,512 19,168 18,179 51,954 17,955 123,783 — 257,551 Special Mention — — — — — 322 — 322 Substandard — — — 18 — 2,928 — 2,946 Total other consumer 26,512 19,168 18,179 51,972 17,955 127,033 — 260,819 Total loans $ 2,449,710 $ 1,202,923 $ 1,061,158 $ 585,795 $ 634,834 $ 2,138,982 $ 549,468 $ 8,622,870 (1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Commercial Residential Other Consumer Unallocated Total For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 25,504 $ 5,884 $ 5,039 $ 11,155 $ 1,268 $ — $ 48,850 Credit loss (benefit) expense (1,867) (840) (406) 5,028 (259) — 1,656 Charge-offs — (4) — — (139) — (143) Recoveries — 13 16 94 112 — 235 Balance at end of period $ 23,637 $ 5,053 $ 4,649 $ 16,277 $ 982 $ — $ 50,598 For the three months ended Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 26,703 $ 15,054 $ 5,390 $ 11,818 $ 1,770 $ — $ 60,735 Credit loss expense (benefit) 10,149 (7,257) (2,875) (335) (721) — (1,039) Charge-offs (34) — — (242) (80) — (356) Recoveries 104 30 26 39 437 — 636 Balance at end of period $ 36,922 $ 7,827 $ 2,541 $ 11,280 $ 1,406 $ — $ 59,976 A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and therefore, non-accruing. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $3.6 million for each period, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $9.6 million and $11.9 million, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $2.8 million and $277,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $440,000 and $438,000 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company was $106,000. The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2022 2021 Commercial real estate – investor $ 3,575 $ 3,614 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 9,632 11,904 Commercial and industrial 2,830 277 Residential real estate 7,047 6,114 Other consumer 3,841 3,585 $ 26,925 $ 25,494 At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At March 31, 2022, there were no loans that were 90 days or greater past due and still accruing. At December 31, 2021, there was one loan for $46,000 that was 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest that was fully paid on January 14, 2022. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands): 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Loans Not Total March 31, 2022 Commercial real estate – investor $ 2,109 $ 74 $ 1,663 $ 3,846 $ 4,604,034 $ 4,607,880 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 4,465 18 373 4,856 1,052,390 1,057,246 Commercial and industrial 66 43 356 465 502,274 502,739 Residential real estate 9,816 1,146 2,142 13,104 2,674,823 2,687,927 Other consumer 779 175 2,246 3,200 249,984 253,184 $ 17,235 $ 1,456 $ 6,780 $ 25,471 $ 9,083,505 $ 9,108,976 December 31, 2021 Commercial real estate – investor $ 1,717 $ 102 $ 1,709 $ 3,528 $ 4,374,533 $ 4,378,061 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 599 — 575 1,174 1,053,891 1,055,065 Commercial and industrial 25 151 277 453 448,771 449,224 Residential real estate 9,705 1,586 2,675 13,966 2,465,735 2,479,701 Other consumer 339 322 2,946 3,607 257,212 260,819 $ 12,385 $ 2,161 $ 8,182 $ 22,728 $ 8,600,142 $ 8,622,870 The Company classifies certain loans as troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty are modified. The modifications may include a reduction in rate, an extension in term, the capitalization of past due amounts and/or the restructuring of scheduled principal payments. Residential real estate and consumer loans where the borrower’s debt is discharged in a bankruptcy filing are also considered TDR loans. For these loans, the Bank retains its security interest in the real estate collateral. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, TDR loans totaled $19.6 million and $23.6 million, respectively. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $11.9 million and $11.3 million, respectively, of TDR loans included in the non-accrual loan totals. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no specific reserves allocated to loans that were classified as TDR loans. Non-accrual loans which become TDR loans are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the TDR loans included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has TDR loans classified as accruing loans which totaled $7.7 million and $12.3 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands): Number of Loans Pre-modification Post-modification Three months ended March 31, 2022 Troubled debt restructurings: Commercial and industrial 1 $ 65 $ 65 Other consumer 3 991 1,109 Three months ended March 31, 2021 Troubled debt restructurings: Other consumer 2 $ 26 $ 33 There were no TDR loans that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, which were modified within the preceding year. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact on customers, short-term modification programs that comply with the CARES Act, extended by the CRRSA Act, were implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The Bank’s Commercial Borrower Relief Program allowed for the deferral of principal and interest or principal only. All payments received will first be applied to all accrued and unpaid interest and the balance, if any, of unpaid principal, then to fees, expenses and other amounts due to the Bank. Monthly payments will continue until the maturity date when all then unpaid principal, interest, fees, and all other charges are due and payable to the Bank. The Consumer Borrower Relief Program allowed for the deferral of principal and interest. The deferred payments along with |