Loans Receivable, Net | Loans Receivable, Net Loans receivable, net at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Commercial: Commercial real estate – investor $ 5,322,755 $ 5,353,974 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 914,582 943,891 Commercial and industrial 677,176 666,532 Total commercial 6,914,513 6,964,397 Consumer: Residential real estate 2,965,276 2,979,534 Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”) 245,859 250,664 Total consumer 3,211,135 3,230,198 Total loans receivable 10,125,648 10,194,595 Deferred origination costs, net of fees 9,734 9,263 Allowance for loan credit losses (67,173) (67,137) Total loans receivable, net $ 10,068,209 $ 10,136,721 The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower. Special Mention : Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands): 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate - investor Pass $ 48,428 $ 136,697 $ 1,170,068 $ 1,327,264 $ 525,806 $ 1,352,769 $ 644,938 $ 5,205,970 Special Mention — — — 2,389 — 42,787 12,695 57,871 Substandard — — — 595 4,535 53,784 — 58,914 Total commercial real estate - investor 48,428 136,697 1,170,068 1,330,248 530,341 1,449,340 657,633 5,322,755 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 12,333 65,173 116,684 98,566 57,582 513,115 23,133 886,586 Special Mention — — — — — 8,705 — 8,705 Substandard — — — — — 18,672 619 19,291 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 12,333 65,173 116,684 98,566 57,582 540,492 23,752 914,582 Commercial and industrial Pass 12,487 122,952 65,864 18,212 7,671 55,600 377,278 660,064 Special Mention — — — — — 170 2,239 2,409 Substandard — — 589 69 — 1,217 12,828 14,703 Total commercial and industrial 12,487 122,952 66,453 18,281 7,671 56,987 392,345 677,176 Residential real estate (1) Pass 43,812 279,313 904,132 555,218 378,827 800,232 — 2,961,534 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 869 — 220 732 1,921 — 3,742 Total residential real estate 43,812 280,182 904,132 555,438 379,559 802,153 — 2,965,276 Other consumer (1) Pass 5,247 31,232 19,401 20,089 12,440 126,222 29,339 243,970 Special Mention — — — — — 298 — 298 Substandard — — — — — 1,591 — 1,591 Total other consumer 5,247 31,232 19,401 20,089 12,440 128,111 29,339 245,859 Total loans $ 122,307 $ 636,236 $ 2,276,738 $ 2,022,622 $ 987,593 $ 2,977,083 $ 1,103,069 $ 10,125,648 (1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 and prior Revolving lines of credit Total December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate - investor Pass $ 137,028 $ 1,165,955 $ 1,328,012 $ 529,745 $ 490,438 $ 930,337 $ 679,804 $ 5,261,319 Special Mention — — 2,413 790 1,446 22,147 — 26,796 Substandard — — 648 3,750 13,275 48,186 — 65,859 Total commercial real estate - investor 137,028 1,165,955 1,331,073 534,285 505,159 1,000,670 679,804 5,353,974 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 102,703 441,713 21,052 914,673 Special Mention — — — — 1,272 8,314 — 9,586 Substandard — — — — 2,019 16,900 713 19,632 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 105,994 466,927 21,765 943,891 Commercial and industrial Pass 112,914 64,770 19,473 8,645 7,778 51,082 383,013 647,675 Special Mention — — — — — 184 2,859 3,043 Substandard — 622 117 — 145 1,385 13,545 15,814 Total commercial and industrial 112,914 65,392 19,590 8,645 7,923 52,651 399,417 666,532 Residential real estate (1) Pass 283,296 916,153 564,515 388,392 223,247 600,118 — 2,975,721 Special Mention — — — — 131 271 — 402 Substandard 323 366 — 258 487 1,977 — 3,411 Total residential real estate 283,619 916,519 564,515 388,650 223,865 602,366 — 2,979,534 Other consumer (1) Pass 32,859 19,918 20,737 12,675 12,937 118,486 30,658 248,270 Special Mention — 172 — — — 386 — 558 Substandard — — — — 6 1,698 132 1,836 Total other consumer 32,859 20,090 20,737 12,675 12,943 120,570 30,790 250,664 Total loans $ 633,062 $ 2,288,236 $ 2,039,019 $ 1,003,434 $ 855,884 $ 2,243,184 $ 1,131,776 $ 10,194,595 (1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Commercial Residential Other Consumer Total For the three months ended March 31, 2024 Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 27,899 $ 4,354 $ 6,867 $ 27,029 $ 988 $ 67,137 (Benefit) provision for credit losses (865) (107) 769 9 579 385 Charge-offs (1) (46) — — — (395) (441) Recoveries 2 4 5 66 15 92 Balance at end of period $ 26,990 $ 4,251 $ 7,641 $ 27,104 $ 1,187 $ 67,173 For the three months ended March 31, 2023 Allowance for credit losses on loans Balance at beginning of period $ 21,070 $ 4,423 $ 5,695 $ 24,530 $ 1,106 $ 56,824 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 1,379 (304) 131 2,390 (272) 3,324 Charge-offs (1) — (6) (3) — (1) (10) Recoveries 2 3 4 8 40 57 Balance at end of period $ 22,451 $ 4,116 $ 5,827 $ 26,928 $ 873 $ 60,195 (1) Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $441,000 included one commercial real estate loan of $46,000, which was originated in 2021. The remainder of the charge-offs were related to loans that were originated prior to 2019. Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $10,000 related to loans that were originated prior to 2018. A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and, therefore, is classified as non-accruing. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $16.0 million and $15.2 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $3.4 million and $352,000, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $567,000 and $304,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $2.3 million and $2.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Commercial real estate – investor (1) $ 21,507 $ 20,820 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 3,355 351 Commercial and industrial 567 304 Residential real estate 7,181 5,542 Other consumer 2,401 2,531 $ 35,011 $ 29,548 (1) At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, non-performing loans included the remaining exposure of $8.8 million on a commercial real estate relationship that was partially charged-off during the year ended December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no loans that were past due 90 days or greater and still accruing interest. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands): 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Loans Not Total March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate – investor (1) $ 4,746 $ — $ 16,004 $ 20,750 $ 5,302,005 $ 5,322,755 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 531 368 318 1,217 913,365 914,582 Commercial and industrial 3 — 567 570 676,606 677,176 Residential real estate 10,793 — 3,742 14,535 2,950,741 2,965,276 Other consumer 795 298 1,591 2,684 243,175 245,859 $ 16,868 $ 666 $ 22,222 $ 39,756 $ 10,085,892 $ 10,125,648 December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate – investor (1) $ 978 $ 684 $ 15,201 $ 16,863 $ 5,337,111 $ 5,353,974 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 335 352 293 980 942,911 943,891 Commercial and industrial 163 — 145 308 666,224 666,532 Residential real estate 14,858 402 3,411 18,671 2,960,863 2,979,534 Other consumer 872 558 1,836 3,266 247,398 250,664 $ 17,206 $ 1,996 $ 20,886 $ 40,088 $ 10,154,507 $ 10,194,595 (1) At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 90 days or greater past due loans included the remaining exposure of $8.8 million on a commercial real estate relationship that was partially charged-off during the year ended December 31, 2023. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-02 on January 1, 2023. Since adoption, the Company has modified and may modify in the future certain loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include a reduction in interest rate, an extension in term, principal forgiveness and/or other than insignificant payment delay. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount, and the allowance for credit losses is subsequently adjusted by an amount equal to the total loss rate as applied to the reduced amortized cost basis. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans with modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $12.0 million and $8.9 million, respectively. There were no outstanding commitments to lend additional funds to such borrowers with loan modifications as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The following table presents loans modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): Term Extension Combination of Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Other Than Insignificant Payment Delay Total % of Total by Loan Portfolio Segment For the three months ended March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate – owner occupied $ — $ — $ 2,994 $ 2,994 0.33 % Residential real estate 129 — — 129 — Other consumer — 148 — 148 0.06 $ 129 $ 148 $ 2,994 $ 3,271 — % For the three months ended March 31, 2023 Residential real estate $ 435 $ — $ — $ 435 0.02 % Other consumer 40 — — 40 0.02 $ 475 $ — $ — $ 475 — % The modifications during the periods presented had an insignificant financial effect on the Company. The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table provides the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and since adoption of the standard for March 31, 2023 (in thousands): Current 60 - 89 Days past due 90 Days or Greater past due Total March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate – investor $ 7,758 $ — $ — $ 7,758 Commercial real estate – owner occupied 2,994 — — 2,994 Residential real estate 258 — 153 (1) 411 Other consumer 419 — — 419 $ 11,429 $ — $ 153 $ 11,582 March 31, 2023 Residential real estate $ 297 $ 138 $ — $ 435 Other consumer 40 — — 40 $ 337 $ 138 $ — $ 475 |