Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index measures the U.S. investment-grade fixed-rate bond market. The index is calculated on a total return basis. The index is unmanaged, its returns do not reflect any fees, expenses, or sales charges, and it is not available for direct investment.
Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield Bond Index
The Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield Bond Index measures the U.S. dollar-denominated, high yield, fixed-rate corporate bond market. The index is calculated on a total return basis. The index is unmanaged, its returns do not reflect any fees, expenses, or sales charges, and it is not available for direct investment.
Credit Default Swap (“CDS”)
A CDS is a financial derivative contract that shifts the credit risk of a fixed income product to a counterparty in exchange for a premium. The buyer of the CDS makes a series of payments (the CDS “fee” or “spread”) to the seller and, in exchange, may expect to receive a payoff if the asset defaults.
Exchange-Traded Fund (“ETF”)
An open-end fund that is traded on a stock exchange. Most ETFs have a portfolio of stocks or bonds that track a specific market index.
Federal Funds Rate
The target interest rate set by the Fed at which commercial banks borrow and lend their extra reserves to one another overnight.
Federal Reserve (the “Fed”)
The central bank of the United States, responsible for controlling the money supply, interest rates and credit with the goal of keeping the U.S. economy and currency stable. Governed by a seven-member board, the system includes 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, 25 branches and all national and state banks that are part of the system.
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”)
A government-owned corporation that buys mortgages and packages them into mortgage-backed securities.
Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”)
A government-sponsored, publicly traded enterprise that makes mortgages available to low- and moderate-income borrowers. It does not provide loans, but backs or guarantees them in the secondary mortgage market.
Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA” or “Ginnie Mae”)
A U.S. government corporation that guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on mortgage-backed securities (MBSs) issued by approved Ginnie Mae lenders, with the goal of expanding the pool of homeowners by mostly aiding lending to homeowners who are traditionally underserved in the mortgage marketplace such as first-time home buyers and low-income borrowers.
Hard Currency
Hard currency refers to a currency that is generally issued by developed countries, globally traded, and seen as politically and economically stable. Generally, when a fund invests in hard currency sovereign debt, that debt is denominated in U.S. dollars.
London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)
A benchmark rate that some of the world’s leading banks charge each other for short-term loans and that serves as the first step to calculating interest rates on various loans throughout the world.
J.P. Morgan CEMBI Broad Diversified Index
The J.P. Morgan CEMBI Broad Diversified Index tracks total returns of U.S. dollar denominated debt instruments issued by corporate entities in emerging market countries and consists of an investable universe of corporate bonds. The minimum amount outstanding required is $300 million for the J.P. Morgan CEMBI Broad Diversified. The J.P. Morgan CEMBI Broad Diversified limits the weights of those index countries with larger corporate debt stocks by only including a specified portion of these countries’ eligible current face amounts of debt outstanding. The index is calculated on a total return basis. The index is unmanaged, its returns do not reflect any fees, expenses, or sales charges, and is not available for direct investment.
J.P. Morgan EMBI Global Diversified Index
The J.P. Morgan EMBI Global Diversified (EMBI Global Diversified) tracks total returns for U.S. dollar-denominated debt instruments issued by emerging markets sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities: Brady bonds, loans, and Eurobonds. The index limits the weights of those index countries with larger debt stocks by only including specified portions of these countries’ eligible current face amounts outstanding. The Index tracks total returns for traded external debt instruments in the emerging markets. The index is calculated on a total return basis. The index is unmanaged, its returns do not reflect any fees, expenses, or sales charges, and is not available for direct investment.