ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | 9. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The allowance for loan losses may consist of specific and general components. The Bank’s periodic evaluation of its allowance for loan losses is comprised of four primary components: (1) impaired loans; (2) non-impaired substandard loans; (3) non-impaired special mention loans; and (4) pass graded loans. Within these components, the Company has identified the following portfolio segments for purposes of assessing its allowance for loan losses: (1) real estate loans; and (2) consumer loans. Within these segments, the Bank analyzes the allowance for loan losses based upon the underlying collateral type (classes). Due to their small homogeneous balances, consumer loans were not individually evaluated for impairment as of either June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. Impaired Loan Component All multifamily residential, mixed use, commercial real estate and construction loans that are deemed to meet the definition of impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. In addition, all condominium or cooperative apartment and one- to four-family residential real estate loans in excess of the FNMA Limits are individually evaluated for impairment. Impairment is typically measured using the difference between the outstanding loan principal balance and either: (1) the likely realizable value of a note sale; (2) the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of likely disposal costs, if repayment is expected to come from liquidation of the collateral; or (3) the present value of estimated future cash flows (using the loan's pre-modification rate in the case of some performing TDRs). For impaired loans on non-accrual status, either of the initial two measurements is utilized. All TDRs are considered impaired loans and are evaluated individually for measurable impairment, if any. If a TDR is substantially performing in accordance with its restructured terms, management will look to either the present value of the expected cash flows from the debt service or the potential net liquidation proceeds of the underlying collateral in measuring impairment (whichever is deemed most appropriate under the circumstances). If a TDR has re-defaulted, the likely realizable net proceeds from either a note sale or the liquidation of the collateral are generally considered when measuring impairment. While measured impairment is generally charged off immediately, impairment attributed to a reduction in the present value of expected cash flows of a performing TDR is generally reflected as an allocated reserve within the allowance for loan losses. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no allocated reserves related to TDRs within the allowance for loan losses. Smaller balance homogeneous real estate loans, such as condominium or cooperative apartment and one-to four-family residential real estate loans with balances equal to or less than the FNMA Limits, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, are not separately identified for impairment disclosures. Non-Impaired Loan Component As of June 30, 2016, the Bank refined the calculation of the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired loans using third party software purchased by the Bank. The software model is substantially similar to the previous model used by the Bank whereby the primary drivers of the calculation are historical charge-offs by loan type and certain qualitative elements. Management has evaluated the impact of the change and concluded that it is not material to the overall allowance for non-impaired loans. Substandard Non-Impaired Loan Component At June 30, 2016, the reserve allocated within the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired loans internally classified as Substandard reflected expected loss percentages on the Bank’s pool of such loans that were derived based upon an analysis of historical losses over the previous forty-eight months, which is the same historical loss look-back period used for all Pass-graded loans. At December 31, 2015, the reserve allocated within the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired loans internally classified as Substandard reflected expected loss percentages on the Bank's pool of such loans that were derived based upon an analysis of historical losses over the previous twelve month period. The loss percentage resulting from this analysis was then applied to the aggregate pool of non-impaired Substandard loans at December 31, 2015. Based upon the methodologies used for the non-impaired Substandard loan component at both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, increases or decreases in the amount of either non-impaired Substandard loans or charge-offs associated with such loans, or a change in the measurement timeframe utilized to derive the expected loss percentage, would impact the level of reserves determined on such loans. As a result, the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired Substandard loans is subject to volatility. The portion of the allowance for loan losses attributable to non-impaired Substandard loans was $99 at June 30, 2016 and $348 at December 31, 2015. The decline in the allowance attributable to non-impaired Substandard loans during the six month period ended June 30, 2016 was due to a decrease of $1,943 in the balance of such loans from December 31, 2015 to June 30, 2016 combined with a lower loss expectation derived as of June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015. All non-impaired Substandard loans were deemed sufficiently well secured and performing to have remained on accrual status both prior and subsequent to their downgrade to the Substandard internal loan grade at both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Special Mention Non-Impaired Loan Component At June 30, 2016, the reserve allocated within the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired loans internally classified as Special Mention reflected expected loss percentages on the Bank’s pool of such loans that were derived based upon an analysis of historical losses over the previous forty-eight months, which is the same historical loss look-back period used for Pass-graded loans. At December 31, 2015, the reserve allocated within the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired loans internally classified as Special Mention reflected an expected loss percentage on the Bank's pool of such loans that was derived based upon an analysis of historical losses over the previous twelve month period. The loss percentage resulting from this analysis was then applied to the aggregate pool of non-impaired Special Mention loans at December 31, 2015. Based upon the methodologies used for the non-impaired Special Mention loan component at both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, increases or decreases in the amount of either non-impaired Special Mention loans or charge-offs associated with such loans, or a change in the measurement timeframe utilized to derive the expected loss percentage, would impact the level of reserves determined on such loans. As a result, the allowance for loan losses associated with non-impaired Special Mention loans is subject to volatility. The portion of the allowance for loan losses attributable to non-impaired Special Mention loans was $71 at June 30, 2016, down from $88 at December 31, 2015, due primary to a reduction of $7,804 in the balance of such loans. Pass Graded Loan Component The Bank initially looks to the underlying collateral type when determining the allowance for loan losses associated with pass graded real estate loans. The following underlying collateral types are analyzed separately: 1) one- to four family residential and condominium or cooperative apartment; 2) multifamily residential and residential mixed use; 3) commercial mixed use real estate, 4) commercial real estate; and 5) construction and land acquisition. Within the analysis of each underlying collateral type, the following elements are additionally considered and provided weighting in determining the allowance for loan losses for pass graded real estate loans: (i) Charge-off experience (including peer charge-off experience) (ii) Economic conditions (iii) Underwriting standards or experience (iv) Loan concentrations (v) Regulatory climate (vi) Nature and volume of the portfolio (vii) Changes in the quality and scope of the loan review function The following is a brief synopsis of the manner in which each element is considered: (i) Charge-off experience - Loans within the pass graded loan portfolio are segmented by significant common characteristics, against which historical loss rates are applied. The Bank also reviews and considers the charge-off experience of peer banks in its lending marketplace in order to determine whether potential losses that could take a longer period to flow through its allowance for loan losses possibly exist. (ii) Economic conditions - At both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank assigned a loss allocation to its entire pass graded real estate loan portfolio based, in part, upon a review of economic conditions affecting the local real estate market. Specifically, the Bank considered both the level of, and recent trends in: 1) the local and national unemployment rate, 2) residential and commercial vacancy rates, 3) real estate sales and pricing, and 4) delinquencies in the Bank’s loan portfolio. (iii) Underwriting standards or experience - Underwriting standards are reviewed to ensure that changes in the Bank's lending policies and practices are adequately evaluated for risk and reflected in its analysis of potential credit losses. Loss expectations associated with changes in the Bank’s lending policies and practices, if any, are then incorporated into the methodology. (iv) Loan concentrations - The Bank regularly reviews its loan concentrations (borrower, collateral type and location) in order to ensure that heightened risk has not evolved that has not been captured through other factors. The risk component of loan concentrations is regularly evaluated for reserve adequacy. (v) Regulatory climate – Consideration is given to public statements made by the banking regulatory agencies that have a potential impact on the Bank’s loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses. (vi) Nature and volume of the portfolio – The Bank considers any significant changes in the overall nature and volume of its loan portfolio. (vii) Changes in the quality and scope of the loan review function – The Bank considers the potential impact upon its allowance for loan losses of any adverse change in the quality and scope of the loan review function. Consumer Loans Due to their small individual balances, the Bank does not evaluate individual consumer loans for impairment. Loss percentages are applied to aggregate consumer loans based upon both their delinquency status and loan type. These loss percentages are derived from a combination of the Company’s historical loss experience and/or nationally published loss data on such loans. Consumer loans in excess of 120 days delinquent are typically fully charged off against the allowance for loan losses. The following table presents data regarding the allowance for loan losses and loans evaluated for impairment by class of loan within the real estate loan segment as well as for the aggregate consumer loan segment: At or for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 Real Estate Loans Consumer Loans One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Total Real Estate Beginning balance $ 99 $ 14,462 $ 1,552 $ 2,381 $ 18,494 $ 19 Provision (credit) for loan losses 96 407 133 (194 ) 442 - Charge-offs (4 ) (43 ) (1 ) - (48 ) - Recoveries 1 - - - 1 1 Ending balance $ 192 $ 14,826 $ 1,684 $ 2,187 $ 18,889 $ 20 Ending balance – loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 414 $ 3,930 $ 4,357 $ 3,396 $ 12,097 $ - Ending balance – loans collectively evaluated for impairment 75,038 4,215,480 388,755 515,411 5,194,684 2,336 Allowance balance associated with loans individually evaluated for impairment - - - - - - Allowance balance associated with loans collectively evaluated for impairment 192 14,826 1,684 2,187 18,889 20 At December 31, 2015 Real Estate Loans Consumer Loans One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Total Real Estate Ending balance – loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 598 $ 983 $ 4,345 $ 3,635 $ 9,561 $ - Ending balance – loans collectively evaluated for impairment 71,497 3,758,924 372,930 482,274 4,685,625 1,590 Allowance balance associated with loans individually evaluated for impairment - - - - - - Allowance balance associated with loans collectively evaluated for impairment 263 14,118 1,652 2,461 18,494 20 At or for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 Real Estate Loans Consumer Loans One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Total Real Estate Beginning balance $ 111 $ 14,173 $ 1,566 $ 2,365 $ 18,215 $ 22 Provision (credit) for loan losses 19 238 111 (1,504 ) (1,136 ) 1 Charge-offs (5 ) (40 ) - (1 ) (46 ) (1 ) Recoveries 1 3 5 1,489 1,498 - Ending balance $ 126 $ 14,374 $ 1,682 $ 2,349 $ 18,531 $ 22 At or for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 Real Estate Loans Consumer Loans One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Total Real Estate Beginning balance $ 263 $ 14,118 $ 1,652 $ 2,461 $ 18,494 $ 20 Provision (credit) for loan losses (46 ) 731 34 (297 ) 422 (1 ) Charge-offs (27 ) (60 ) (2 ) - (89 ) - Recoveries 2 37 - 23 62 1 Ending balance $ 192 $ 14,826 $ 1,684 $ 2,187 $ 18,889 $ 20 At or for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 Real Estate Loans Consumer Loans One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Total Real Estate Beginning balance $ 150 $ 13,852 $ 1,644 $ 2,823 $ 18,469 $ 24 Provision (credit) for loan losses 80 560 51 (1,998 ) (1,307 ) - Charge-offs (107 ) (41 ) (37 ) (1 ) (186 ) (2 ) Recoveries 3 3 24 1,525 1,555 - Ending balance $ 126 $ 14,374 $ 1,682 $ 2,349 $ 18,531 $ 22 The following tables summarize impaired real estate loans as of or for the periods indicated (by collateral type within the real estate loan segment): At June 30, 2016 At December 31, 2015 Unpaid Principal Balance at Period End Recorded Investment at Period End(1) Reserve Balance Allocated within the Allowance for Loan Losses at Period End Unpaid Principal Balance at Period End Recorded Investment at Period End(1) Reserve Balance Allocated within the Allowance for Loan Losses at Period End One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment With no allocated reserve $ 414 $ 414 $ - $ 635 $ 598 $ - With an allocated reserve - - - - - - Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use With no allocated reserve 3,930 3,930 - 983 983 - With an allocated reserve - - - - - - Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate With no allocated reserve 4,357 4,357 - 4,345 4,345 - With an allocated reserve - - - - - - Commercial Real Estate With no allocated reserve 3,396 3,396 - 3,642 3,635 - With an allocated reserve - - - - - - Total With no allocated reserve $ 12,097 $ 12,097 $ - $ 9,605 $ 9,561 $ - With an allocated reserve $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - (1) The recorded investment excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net, due to immateriality. Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized One- to Four Family Residential, Including Condominium and Cooperative Apartment With no allocated reserve $ 399 $ 7 $ 602 $ 11 $ 465 $ 41 $ 603 $ 23 With an allocated reserve - - - - - - - - Multifamily Residential and Residential Mixed Use With no allocated reserve 2,451 25 985 31 1,962 38 1,081 46 With an allocated reserve - - - - - - - - Commercial Mixed Use Real Estate With no allocated reserve 4,367 44 4,393 44 4,360 88 4,395 88 With an allocated reserve - - - - - - - - Commercial Real Estate With no allocated reserve 3,404 34 5,929 35 3,481 68 6,688 71 With an allocated reserve - - - - - - 1,833 97 Total With no allocated reserve $ 10,621 $ 110 $ 11,909 $ 121 $ 10,268 $ 235 $ 12,767 $ 228 With an allocated reserve $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,833 $ 97 |