Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses Management reviews the appropriateness of the ACL on a regular basis. Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance to be a critical accounting policy, given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that assumptions could have on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has developed a methodology to measure the amount of estimated credit loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio to assure that an appropriate allowance is maintained. The Company’s methodology is based upon guidance provided in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), and Financial Instruments - Credit Losses and ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The Company uses a DCF method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments excluding the leasing segment. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, recovery lag probability of default, and loss give default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on internal historical data. The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loans utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes and forecasts national unemployment and a one year percentage change in national gross domestic product as loss drivers in the model. For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. Due to the size and characteristics of the leasing portfolio, the Company uses the remaining life method, using the historical loss rate of the commercial and industrial segment, to determine the allowance for credit losses. The combination of adjustments for credit expectations and timing expectations produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce a net present value of expected cash flows ("NPV"). An ACL is established for the difference between the NPV and amortized cost basis. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration ("PCD") that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, the Company did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. The remaining discount on the PCD assets will be accreted into interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. Since the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimates. While management’s evaluation of the allowance as of September 30, 2020, considers the allowance to be appropriate, under adversely different conditions or assumptions, the Company would need to increase or decrease the allowance. In addition, various federal and State regulatory agencies, as part of their examination process, review the Company's allowance and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance bases on their judgements and information available to them at the time of their examinations. Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans, and commercial letters of credit. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures included in other noninterest expense in the Company's consolidated statements of income. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. As previously discussed, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. The transition adjustment included a decrease in the allowance of $2.5 million. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 11,113 $ 24,286 $ 15,012 $ 1,596 $ 75 $ 52,082 Charge-offs 0 0 (30) (145) 0 (175) Recoveries 89 9 16 73 0 187 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense (3,918) 4,264 (65) (75) (7) 199 Ending Balance $ 7,284 $ 28,559 $ 14,933 $ 1,449 $ 68 $ 52,293 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 11,543 $ 21,005 $ 6,897 $ 1,345 $ 0 $ 40,790 Charge-offs (6) (551) (87) (190) 0 (834) Recoveries 10 2 15 68 0 95 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense (256) 2,143 (733) 166 0 1,320 Ending Balance $ 11,291 $ 22,599 $ 6,092 $ 1,389 $ 0 $ 41,371 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 10,541 $ 21,608 $ 6,381 $ 1,362 $ 0 $ 39,892 Impact of adopting ASC 326 (2,008) (5,917) 4,459 850 82 (2,534) Charge-offs (1) (1,305) (33) (409) 0 (1,748) Recoveries 125 40 178 195 0 538 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense (1,373) 14,133 3,948 (549) (14) 16,145 Ending Balance $ 7,284 $ 28,559 $ 14,933 $ 1,449 $ 68 $ 52,293 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 11,272 $ 23,483 $ 7,345 $ 1,310 $ 0 $ 43,410 Charge-offs (489) (3,949) (131) (571) 0 (5,140) Recoveries 92 107 319 217 0 735 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense 416 2,958 (1,441) 433 0 2,366 Ending Balance $ 11,291 $ 22,599 $ 6,092 $ 1,389 $ 0 $ 41,371 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans: (In thousands) Real Estate Business Assets Other Total ACL Allocation September 30, 2020 Commercial and Industrial $ 33 $ 507 $ 50 $ 590 $ 48 Commercial Real Estate 8,085 0 0 8,085 436 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture 1,559 0 0 1,559 0 Residential - Mortgages 384 0 0 384 2 Total $ 10,061 $ 507 $ 50 $ 10,618 $ 486 The following tables present information pertaining to the allocation of the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13: (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Leases Total Allowance for originated loans and leases December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 245 $ 662 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 907 Collectively evaluated for impairment 10,296 20,895 6,360 1,356 0 38,907 Ending balance $ 10,541 $ 21,557 $ 6,360 $ 1,356 $ 0 $ 39,814 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for acquired loans December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 0 51 21 6 0 78 Ending balance $ 0 $ 51 $ 21 $ 6 $ 0 $ 78 The recorded investment in loans and leases summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology as of December 31, 2019 was as follows: (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Leases Total Originated loans and leases December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,110 $ 13,496 $ 3,779 $ 0 $ 0 $ 19,385 Collectively evaluated for impairment 966,875 2,283,152 1,340,687 73,625 17,322 4,681,661 Total $ 968,985 $ 2,296,648 $ 1,344,466 $ 73,625 $ 17,322 $ 4,701,046 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Acquired loans December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 $ 714 $ 2,114 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,830 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 173 5,674 3,302 0 0 9,149 Collectively evaluated for impairment 38,901 140,529 27,955 785 0 208,170 Total $ 39,076 $ 146,917 $ 33,371 $ 785 $ 0 $ 220,149 Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, a loan was considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that we would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans consisted of non-homogenous nonaccrual loans, and all loans restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Specific reserves on individually identified impaired loans that were not collateral dependent were measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each loan. For loans that were collateral dependent, impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, and such impaired amounts were generally charged off. The majority of impaired loans were collateral dependent impaired loans that had limited exposure or require limited specific reserves because of the amount of collateral support with respect to these loans, and previous charge-offs. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured. In these cases, interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans at December 31, 2019 were as follows: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Originated loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 1,865 $ 1,965 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 10,205 11,017 0 Residential real estate Home equity 3,779 3,992 0 Subtotal $ 15,849 $ 16,974 $ 0 Originated loans and leases with related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 245 245 245 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 3,291 3,291 662 Subtotal $ 3,536 $ 3,536 $ 907 Total $ 19,385 $ 20,510 $ 907 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Acquired loans with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 714 714 0 Residential real estate Home equity 2,114 2,217 0 Total $ 2,830 $ 2,933 $ 0 The following table presents average impaired loans, as determined in accordance with ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, and interest recognized on such loans, for the three months ended September 30, 2019: Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Originated loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 1,505 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 7,380 0 Residential real estate Home equity 3,963 0 Subtotal $ 12,848 $ 0 Originated loans and leases with related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 273 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1,708 0 Subtotal $ 1,981 $ 0 Total $ 14,829 $ 0 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Acquired loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 29 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 857 0 Residential real estate Home equity 2,585 0 Total $ 3,471 $ 0 The average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Originated loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 2,123 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 6,509 0 Residential real estate Home equity 3,978 0 Subtotal $ 12,610 $ 0 Originated loans and leases with related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 154 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 757 0 Subtotal $ 911 $ 0 Total $ 13,521 $ 0 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Acquired loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 28 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 834 0 Residential real estate Home equity 2,606 0 Total $ 3,468 $ 0 Loans are considered modified in a TDR when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company makes concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. These modifications may include, among others, an extension for the term of the loan, and granting a period when interest-only payments can be made with the principal payments made over the remaining term of the loan or at maturity. The following tables present information on loans modified in troubled debt restructuring during the periods indicated. Post-modification amounts are presented as of September 30, 2020 and 2019. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1 1 $ 196 $ 196 0 $ 0 Consumer and other Consumer and other 1 1 $ 4 $ 4 $ 0 $ 0 Total 2 $ 200 $ 200 0 $ 0 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial other 1 1 $ 9 $ 9 0 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1 1 $ 1,577 $ 1,577 0 $ 0 Residential real estate Home equity 1 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 $ 93 Total 2 $ 1,586 $ 1,586 1 $ 93 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 1 0 $ 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1 1 196 196 1 37 Residential real estate Home equity 1 2 121 121 1 87 Consumer and other Consumer and other 1 1 $ 4 $ 4 0 $ 0 Total 4 $ 321 $ 321 2 $ 124 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 1 2 $ 604 $ 604 0 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1 1 $ 1,577 $ 1,577 0 $ 0 Residential real estate Home equity 1 1 $ 168 $ 168 1 $ 93 Total 4 $ 2,349 $ 2,349 1 $ 93 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of September 30, 2020. (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Commercial & Industrial - Other: Pass $ 61,772 $ 78,283 $ 61,289 $ 65,282 $ 38,317 $ 303,190 $ 160,124 $ 11,790 $ 780,047 Special Mention 69 494 529 1,281 2,458 26 1,456 0 6,313 Substandard 42 60 999 265 312 879 1,832 0 4,389 Total Commercial & Industrial - Other $ 61,883 $ 78,837 $ 62,817 $ 66,828 $ 41,087 $ 304,095 $ 163,412 $ 11,790 $ 790,749 Commercial and Industrial - PPP: Pass $ 464,058 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 464,058 Special Mention $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Substandard $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Total Commercial and Industrial - PPP $ 464,058 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 464,058 Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture: Pass $ 11,203 $ 9,128 $ 13,160 $ 7,060 $ 3,857 $ 2,934 $ 33,800 $ 467 $ 81,609 Special Mention 0 0 59 771 0 0 1,681 0 2,511 Substandard 100 91 0 220 0 2,309 2,228 0 4,948 Total Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture $ 11,303 $ 9,219 $ 13,219 $ 8,051 $ 3,857 $ 5,243 $ 37,709 $ 467 $ 89,068 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 157,664 $ 234,828 $ 240,343 $ 246,787 $ 304,856 $ 732,205 $ 65,076 $ 44,039 $ 2,025,798 Special Mention 0 14,439 19,172 6,869 34,367 30,733 526 0 106,106 Substandard 349 1,700 739 3,608 924 22,385 345 0 30,050 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 158,013 $ 250,967 $ 260,254 $ 257,264 $ 340,147 $ 785,322 $ 65,947 $ 44,039 $ 2,161,954 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture: Pass $ 16,925 $ 35,850 $ 44,991 $ 21,833 $ 17,562 $ 45,966 $ 121 $ 5,655 $ 188,903 Special Mention 1,516 0 579 1,379 1,064 150 0 0 4,688 Substandard 0 0 0 1,779 718 1,569 392 0 4,458 Total Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture $ 18,441 $ 35,850 $ 45,570 $ 24,991 $ 19,344 $ 47,685 $ 513 $ 5,655 $ 198,049 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Pass $ 12,983 $ 22,285 $ 8,019 $ 2,629 $ 2,018 $ 8,324 $ 107,970 $ 15,434 $ 179,662 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 529 2,085 0 2,614 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 329 0 0 329 Total Commercial Real Estate - Construction $ 12,983 $ 22,285 $ 8,019 $ 2,629 $ 2,018 $ 9,182 $ 110,055 $ 15,434 $ 182,605 The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of September 30, 2020, continued. (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Residential - Home Equity Performing $ 1,297 $ 2,801 $ 1,235 $ 2,088 $ 823 $ 1,573 $ 192,549 $ 1,297 $ 203,663 Nonperforming 0 18 0 0 197 390 2,188 0 2,793 Total Residential - Home Equity $ 1,297 $ 2,819 $ 1,235 $ 2,088 $ 1,020 $ 1,963 $ 194,737 $ 1,297 $ 206,456 Residential - Mortgages Performing $ 232,860 $ 198,718 $ 129,779 $ 166,414 $ 191,858 $ 286,255 $ 12,391 $ 944 $ 1,219,219 Nonperforming 0 262 402 368 1,213 7,105 60 0 9,410 Total Residential - Mortgages $ 232,860 $ 198,980 $ 130,181 $ 166,782 $ 193,071 $ 293,360 $ 12,451 $ 944 $ 1,228,629 Consumer - Direct Performing $ 12,884 $ 12,595 $ 8,728 $ 7,534 $ 3,219 $ 11,904 $ 7,298 $ 0 $ 64,162 Nonperforming 0 29 115 13 0 3 24 $ 0 184 Total Consumer - Direct $ 12,884 $ 12,624 $ 8,843 $ 7,547 $ 3,219 $ 11,907 $ 7,322 $ 0 $ 64,346 Consumer - Indirect Performing $ 1,266 $ 2,200 $ 3,840 $ 1,388 $ 521 $ 175 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,390 Nonperforming 0 61 33 3 30 17 0 0 144 Total Consumer Indirect $ 1,266 $ 2,261 $ 3,873 $ 1,391 $ 551 $ 192 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,534 The following tables present credit quality indicators (internal risk grade) by class of commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2019. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial & Industrial Other Commercial & Industrial Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Construction Total Originated Loans and Leases Internal risk grade: Pass $ 851,517 $ 89,892 $ 1,857,142 $ 166,888 $ 212,302 $ 3,177,741 Special Mention 8,306 1,698 16,623 3,173 0 29,800 Substandard 3,376 14,196 25,880 14,640 0 58,092 Total $ 863,199 $ 105,786 $ 1,899,645 $ 184,701 $ 212,302 $ 3,265,633 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial & Industrial Other Commercial & Industrial Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Construction Total Acquired Loans and Leases Internal risk grade: Pass $ 38,879 $ 0 $ 143,175 $ 197 $ 1,335 $ 183,586 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 197 0 2,210 0 0 2,407 Total $ 39,076 $ 0 $ 145,385 $ 197 $ 1,335 $ 185,993 The following tables present credit quality indicators by class of residential real estate loans and by class of consumer loans. Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual, impaired, and loans 90 days past due and accruing interest. All other loans were considered performing as of December 31, 2019. For purposes of this footnote, acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and are 90 days or greater past due are considered performing. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Residential Residential Consumer Consumer Total Originated Loans and Leases Performing $ 201,970 $ 1,133,237 $ 12,847 $ 60,503 $ 1,408,557 Nonperforming 1,924 7,335 117 158 9,534 Total $ 203,894 $ 1,140,572 $ 12,964 $ 60,661 $ 1,418,091 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Residential Residential Consumer Consumer Total Acquired Loans and Leases Performing $ 14,479 $ 17,269 $ 0 $ 785 $ 32,533 Nonperforming 872 751 0 0 1,623 Total $ 15,351 $ 18,020 $ 0 $ 785 $ 34,156 |