Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses Management reviews the appropriateness of the ACL on a regular basis. Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance to be a critical accounting policy, given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that assumptions could have on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has developed a methodology to measure the amount of estimated credit loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio to assure that an appropriate allowance is maintained. The Company’s methodology is based upon guidance provided in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), and Financial Instruments - Credit Losses and ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The Company uses a DCF method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments excluding the leasing segment. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, recovery lag, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on internal historical data. The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loans utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes forecasts of national unemployment and a one year percentage change in national gross domestic product as loss drivers in the model. For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts, and scenario weightings, are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. Due to the size and characteristics of the leasing portfolio, the Company uses the remaining life method, using the historical loss rate of the commercial and industrial segment, to determine the allowance for credit losses. The combination of adjustments for credit expectations and timing expectations produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce a net present value of expected cash flows ("NPV"). An ACL is established for the difference between the NPV and amortized cost basis. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration ("PCD") that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, the Company did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. The remaining discount on the PCD assets will be accreted into interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. Since the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimates. While management’s evaluation of the allowance as of December 31, 2020, considers the allowance to be appropriate, under adversely different conditions or assumptions, the Company would need to increase or decrease the allowance. In addition, various federal and State regulatory agencies, as part of their examination process, review the Company's allowance and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgements and information available to them at the time of their examinations. Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans, and commercial letters of credit. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures included in other noninterest expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows: (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 Total allowance at beginning of year $ 39,892 $ 43,410 $ 39,771 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (2,534) 0 0 Provisions for credit loss expense 16,151 1,366 3,942 Recoveries on loans and leases 631 906 2,137 Charge-offs on loans and leases (2,471) (5,790) (2,440) Total allowance at end of year $ 51,669 $ 39,892 $ 43,410 The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. As previously discussed, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. As a result of the adoption of ASC 326, the Company recorded a net cumulative-effect adjustment reducing the allowance for credit losses by $2.5 million. The allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. December 31, 2020 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13 $ 10,541 $ 21,608 $ 6,381 $ 1,362 $ 0 $ 39,892 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (2,008) (5,917) 4,459 850 82 (2,534) Charge-offs (2) (1,903) (84) (482) 0 (2,471) Recoveries 131 58 194 248 0 631 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense 577 16,700 (693) (416) (17) 16,151 Ending Balance $ 9,239 $ 30,546 $ 10,257 $ 1,562 $ 65 $ 51,669 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 11,272 $ 23,483 $ 7,345 $ 1,310 $ 0 $ 43,410 Charge-offs (696) (4,015) (256) (823) 0 (5,790) Recoveries 103 174 334 295 0 906 Provision (credit) for credit loss expense (138) 1,966 (1,042) 580 0 1,366 Ending Balance $ 10,541 $ 21,608 $ 6,381 $ 1,362 $ 0 $ 39,892 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans: (In thousands) Real Estate Business Assets Other Total ACL Allocation December 31, 2020 Commercial and Industrial $ 103 $ 582 $ 110 $ 795 $ 122 Commercial Real Estate 24,277 1,418 0 25,695 186 Residential Real Estate 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 24,380 $ 2,000 $ 110 $ 26,490 $ 308 At December 31, 2019, the allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Leases Total Allowance for originated loans and leases Individually evaluated for impairment $ 245 $ 662 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 907 Collectively evaluated for impairment 10,296 20,895 6,360 1,356 0 38,907 Ending balance $ 10,541 $ 21,557 $ 6,360 $ 1,356 $ 0 $ 39,814 Allowance for acquired loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 0 51 21 6 0 78 Ending balance $ 0 $ 51 $ 21 $ 6 $ 0 $ 78 The recorded investment in loans and leases summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology as of December 31, 2019 was as follows: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Leases Total Originated loans and leases Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,110 $ 13,496 $ 3,779 $ 0 $ 0 $ 19,385 Collectively evaluated for impairment 966,875 2,283,152 1,340,687 73,625 17,322 4,681,661 Total $ 968,985 $ 2,296,648 $ 1,344,466 $ 73,625 $ 17,322 $ 4,701,046 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Acquired loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 $ 714 $ 2,114 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,830 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 173 5,674 3,302 0 0 9,149 Collectively evaluated for impairment 38,901 140,529 27,955 785 0 208,170 Total $ 39,076 $ 146,917 $ 33,371 $ 785 $ 0 $ 220,149 Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, a loan was considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that we would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans consisted of non-homogenous nonaccrual loans, and all loans restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Specific reserves on individually identified impaired loans that were not collateral dependent were measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each loan. For loans that were collateral dependent, impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, and such impaired amounts were generally charged off. The majority of impaired loans were collateral dependent impaired loans that had limited exposure or require limited specific reserves because of the amount of collateral support with respect to these loans, and previous charge-offs. Interest payments on impaired loans were typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount was reasonably assured. In these cases, interest was recognized on a cash basis. There was no interest income recognized on impaired loans and leases for 2019 and 2018. Impaired loans at December 31, 2019 were as follows: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Originated loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 1,865 $ 1,965 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 10,205 11,017 0 Residential real estate Home equity 3,779 3,992 0 Subtotal $ 15,849 $ 16,974 $ 0 Originated loans and leases with related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 245 245 245 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 3,291 3,291 662 Subtotal $ 3,536 $ 3,536 $ 907 Total $ 19,385 $ 20,510 $ 907 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Acquired loans with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 714 714 0 Residential real estate Home equity 2,114 2,217 0 Total $ 2,830 $ 2,933 $ 0 The average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired originated loans for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Originated loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 1,830 $ 0 $ 1,979 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 7,552 0 5,165 0 Residential real estate Home equity 3,943 0 3,983 0 Subtotal $ 13,325 $ 0 $ 11,127 $ 0 Originated loans and leases with related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 132 $ 0 $ 1,374 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1,391 0 1,357 0 Subtotal $ 1,523 $ 0 $ 2,731 $ 0 Total $ 14,848 $ 0 $ 13,858 $ 0 The average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired acquired loans for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Acquired loans and leases with no related allowance Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other $ 21 $ 0 $ 50 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 822 0 999 0 Residential real estate Home equity 2,503 0 2,945 0 Subtotal $ 3,346 $ 0 $ 3,994 $ 0 Acquired loans and leases with related allowance Subtotal $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Total $ 3,346 $ 0 $ 3,994 $ 0 The average recorded investment in impaired loans was $18.2 million at December 31, 2019, and $17.9 million at December 31, 2018. Loans are considered modified in a TDR when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company makes a concession(s) to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. When modifications are provided for reasons other than as a result of the financial distress of the borrower, these loans are not classified as TDRs or impaired. These modifications primarily include, among others, an extension of the term of the loan, and granting a period when interest-only payments can be made, with the principal payments and interest caught up over the remaining term of the loan or at maturity, among others. The following tables present loans by class modified in 2020 and 2019 as troubled debt restructurings. Post-modification balances reflect paydowns and charge-offs at time of modification. Troubled Debt Restructuring December 31, 2020 Year Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 1 1 $ 24 $ 24 0 $ 0 Residential real estate Mortgages 2 274 274 1 37 Home equity 1 1 43 43 1 87 Consumer and other Consumer and other 1 4 4 0 0 Total 5 $ 345 $ 345 2 $ 124 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the 12 months ended December 31, 2020, that had been restructured in the prior twelve months. December 31, 2019 Year Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Commercial & industrial Commercial and industrial other 2 $ 604 $ 604 0 $ 0 Commercial real estate Commercial real estate other 1 1 1,577 1,577 0 0 Residential real estate Home equity 1 2 181 181 1 93 Total 5 $ 2,362 $ 2,362 1 $ 93 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the 12 months ended December 31, 2019, that had been restructured in the prior twelve months. The Company's TDRs totaled $345,000 at December 31, 2020, compared to $2.4 million at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2020, the Company was not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs. The provisions of the CARES Act guidance issued by Federal banking regulators provided guidance and clarification related to modifications and deferral programs to assist borrowers who are negatively impacted by the COVID-19 national emergency. The guidance and clarifications detail certain provisions whereby banks are permitted to make deferrals and modifications to the terms of a loan which would not require the loan to be reported as a TDR. In accordance with the CARES Act and the interagency guidance, the Company elected to adopt the provisions to not report qualified loan modifications as TDRs. The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of December 31, 2020. (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Commercial & Industrial - Other: Pass $ 91,597 $ 72,639 $ 56,191 $ 60,714 $ 33,402 $ 301,027 $ 149,969 $ 16,301 $ 781,840 Special Mention 1,064 367 344 912 2,045 228 1,331 0 6,291 Substandard 412 305 933 485 292 783 1,646 0 4,856 Total Commercial & Industrial - Other $ 93,073 $ 73,311 $ 57,468 $ 62,111 $ 35,739 $ 302,038 $ 152,946 $ 16,301 $ 792,987 Commercial and Industrial - PPP: Pass $ 291,252 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 291,252 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Commercial and Industrial - PPP $ 291,252 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 291,252 Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture: Pass $ 11,536 $ 8,005 $ 11,162 $ 6,531 $ 3,539 $ 2,599 $ 41,936 $ 1,340 $ 86,648 Special Mention 0 0 28 729 0 0 2,080 0 2,837 Substandard 99 83 0 202 0 2,308 2,312 0 5,004 Total Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture $ 11,635 $ 8,088 $ 11,190 $ 7,462 $ 3,539 $ 4,907 $ 46,328 $ 1,340 $ 94,489 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 278,747 $ 246,331 $ 232,651 $ 237,487 $ 290,106 $ 664,027 $ 33,117 $ 64,903 $ 2,047,369 Special Mention 35 13,016 5,612 4,654 34,310 46,074 203 0 103,904 Substandard 0 4,933 18,395 6,172 5,625 17,610 302 0 53,037 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 278,782 $ 264,280 $ 256,658 $ 248,313 $ 330,041 $ 727,711 $ 33,622 $ 64,903 $ 2,204,310 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture: Pass $ 22,440 $ 35,081 $ 44,519 $ 22,356 $ 17,081 $ 44,559 $ 919 $ 5,602 $ 192,557 Special Mention 1,960 0 575 1,366 1,053 6 49 0 5,009 Substandard 0 0 0 1,777 713 1,527 283 0 4,300 Total Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture $ 24,400 $ 35,081 $ 45,094 $ 25,499 $ 18,847 $ 46,092 $ 1,251 $ 5,602 $ 201,866 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Pass $ 14,465 $ 20,705 $ 7,999 $ 2,478 $ 1,879 $ 6,682 $ 85,513 $ 21,051 $ 160,772 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 467 1,453 0 1,920 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 324 0 0 324 Total Commercial Real Estate - Construction $ 14,465 $ 20,705 $ 7,999 $ 2,478 $ 1,879 $ 7,473 $ 86,966 $ 21,051 $ 163,016 The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of December 31, 2020, continued. (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Residential - Home Equity Performing $ 1,440 $ 2,764 $ 1,052 $ 2,120 $ 722 $ 1,106 $ 188,614 $ 44 $ 197,862 Nonperforming 0 18 0 0 194 506 2,247 0 2,965 Total Residential - Home Equity $ 1,440 $ 2,782 $ 1,052 $ 2,120 $ 916 $ 1,612 $ 190,861 $ 44 $ 200,827 Residential - Mortgages Performing $ 305,476 $ 193,543 $ 123,205 $ 155,699 $ 178,149 $ 255,556 $ 11,735 $ 1,617 $ 1,224,980 Nonperforming 0 258 455 706 1,404 7,305 52 0 10,180 Total Residential - Mortgages $ 305,476 $ 193,801 $ 123,660 $ 156,405 $ 179,553 $ 262,861 $ 11,787 $ 1,617 $ 1,235,160 Consumer - Direct Performing $ 14,840 $ 11,127 $ 8,011 $ 6,632 $ 2,854 $ 10,840 $ 6,835 $ 0 $ 61,139 Nonperforming 5 74 167 12 0 2 0 $ 0 260 Total Consumer - Direct $ 14,845 $ 11,201 $ 8,178 $ 6,644 $ 2,854 $ 10,842 $ 6,835 $ 0 $ 61,399 Consumer - Indirect Performing $ 1,424 $ 1,878 $ 3,327 $ 1,128 $ 382 $ 93 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8,232 Nonperforming 0 67 44 7 36 15 0 0 169 Total Consumer Indirect $ 1,424 $ 1,945 $ 3,371 $ 1,135 $ 418 $ 108 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8,401 The following tables present credit quality indicators (internal risk grade) by class of commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2019. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial & Industrial Other Commercial & Industrial Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Construction Total Originated Loans and Leases Internal risk grade: Pass $ 851,517 $ 89,892 $ 1,857,142 $ 166,888 $ 212,302 $ 3,177,741 Special Mention 8,306 1,698 16,623 3,173 0 29,800 Substandard 3,376 14,196 25,880 14,640 0 58,092 Total $ 863,199 $ 105,786 $ 1,899,645 $ 184,701 $ 212,302 $ 3,265,633 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Commercial & Industrial Other Commercial & Industrial Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Commercial Real Estate Construction Total Acquired Loans and Leases Internal risk grade: Pass $ 38,879 $ 0 $ 143,175 $ 197 $ 1,335 $ 183,586 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 197 0 2,210 0 0 2,407 Total $ 39,076 $ 0 $ 145,385 $ 197 $ 1,335 $ 185,993 The following tables present credit quality indicators by class of residential real estate loans and by class of consumer loans. Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual, impaired, and loans 90 days past due and accruing interest. All other loans were considered performing as of December 31, 2019. For purposes of this footnote, acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and are 90 days or greater past due are considered performing. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Residential Residential Consumer Consumer Total Originated Loans and Leases Performing $ 201,970 $ 1,133,237 $ 12,847 $ 60,503 $ 1,408,557 Nonperforming 1,924 7,335 117 158 9,534 Total $ 203,894 $ 1,140,572 $ 12,964 $ 60,661 $ 1,418,091 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Residential Residential Consumer Consumer Total Acquired Loans and Leases Performing $ 14,479 $ 17,269 $ 0 $ 785 $ 32,533 Nonperforming 872 751 0 0 1,623 Total $ 15,351 $ 18,020 $ 0 $ 785 $ 34,156 |