Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses Management reviews the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses ("allowance" or "ACL") on a regular basis. Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance to be a critical accounting policy, given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that assumptions could have on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has developed a methodology to measure the amount of estimated credit loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio to assure that an appropriate allowance is maintained. The Company’s methodology is based upon guidance provided in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), and Financial Instruments - Credit Losses and ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASU 2016-3) . The Company uses a discounted cash flow ("DCF") method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments excluding the leasing segment. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, recovery lag, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on internal historical data. The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loans utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes forecasts of national unemployment and a one year percentage change in national gross domestic product as loss drivers in the model. For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The combination of adjustments for credit expectations and timing expectations produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce a net present value of expected cash flows ("NPV"). An ACL is established for the difference between the NPV and amortized cost basis. Since the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimates. While management’s evaluation of the allowance as of September 30, 2022, considers the allowance to be appropriate, under certain conditions or assumptions, the Company would need to increase or decrease the allowance. In addition, various federal and State regulatory agencies, as part of their examination process, review the Company's allowance and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgements and information available to them at the time of their examinations. Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans, and commercial letters of credit. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancellable, through a charge to credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures included in provision expense in the Company's consolidated statements of income. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 7,814 $ 23,227 $ 11,082 $ 1,591 $ 79 $ 43,793 Charge-offs (343) 0 51 (132) 0 (424) Recoveries 106 105 8 83 0 302 (Credit) provision for credit loss expense (1,053) 3,207 (698) (362) 7 1,101 Ending Balance $ 6,524 $ 26,539 $ 10,443 $ 1,180 $ 86 $ 44,772 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 7,113 $ 29,201 $ 9,534 $ 1,590 $ 67 $ 47,505 Charge-offs (157) 0 0 (53) 0 (210) Recoveries 16 2 65 58 0 141 (Credit) provision for credit loss expense (774) (119) (184) (99) (1) (1,177) Ending Balance $ 6,198 $ 29,084 $ 9,415 $ 1,496 $ 66 $ 46,259 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 6,335 $ 24,813 $ 10,139 $ 1,492 $ 64 $ 42,843 Charge-offs (366) (50) 0 (410) 0 (826) Recoveries 132 910 315 251 0 1,608 (Credit) provision for credit loss expense 423 866 (11) (153) 22 1,147 Ending Balance $ 6,524 $ 26,539 $ 10,443 $ 1,180 $ 86 $ 44,772 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Finance Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 9,239 $ 30,546 $ 10,257 $ 1,562 $ 65 $ 51,669 Charge-offs (274) 0 (51) (218) 0 (543) Recoveries 116 1,040 229 153 0 1,538 (Credit) provision for credit loss expense (2,883) (2,502) (1,020) (1) 1 (6,405) Ending Balance $ 6,198 $ 29,084 $ 9,415 $ 1,496 $ 66 $ 46,259 The following table details activity in the liabilities for off-balance sheet credit exposures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, (In thousands) 2022 2021 Liabilities for off-balance sheet credit exposures at beginning of period $ 2,796 $ 2,247 Credit for credit loss expense related to off-balance sheet credit exposures (45) (55) Liabilities for off-balance sheet credit exposures at end of period $ 2,751 $ 2,192 Nine Months Ended September 30, (In thousands) 2022 2021 Liabilities for off-balance sheet credit exposures at beginning of period $ 2,506 $ 1,920 Provision for credit loss expense related to off-balance sheet credit exposures 245 272 Liabilities for off-balance sheet credit exposures at end of period $ 2,751 $ 2,192 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans: (In thousands) Real Estate Business Assets Other Total ACL Allocation September 30, 2022 Commercial and Industrial $ 435 $ 335 $ 172 $ 942 $ 159 Commercial Real Estate 12,268 0 2,628 14,896 0 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture 1,525 0 0 1,525 0 Residential Real Estate 335 0 0 335 28 Total $ 14,563 $ 335 $ 2,800 $ 17,698 $ 187 (In thousands) Real Estate Business Assets Other Total ACL Allocation December 31, 2021 Commercial and Industrial $ 142 $ 395 $ 328 $ 865 $ 26 Commercial Real Estate 13,334 0 1,931 15,265 40 Residential Real Estate 32 0 0 32 1 Total $ 13,508 $ 395 $ 2,259 $ 16,162 $ 67 Loans are considered modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company makes concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. These modifications may include, among others, an extension for the term of the loan, and granting a period when interest-only payments can be made with the principal payments made over the remaining term of the loan or at maturity. The following tables present information on loans modified in a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Post-modification amounts are presented as of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. September 30, 2022 Three Months Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Residential real estate Residential real estate 1 6 $ 608 $ 608 0 $ 0 Total 6 $ 608 $ 608 0 $ 0 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2022 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. September 30, 2021 Three Months Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Residential real estate Home equity 1 1 $ 112 $ 112 1 $ 201 Total 1 $ 112 $ 112 1 $ 201 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. September 30, 2022 Nine Months Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Residential real estate Mortgages 1 6 $ 608 $ 608 0 $ 0 Total 6 $ 608 $ 608 0 $0 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. September 30, 2021 Nine Months Ended Defaulted TDRs 2 (In thousands) Number of Pre- Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Post- Residential real estate Home equity 1 1 $ 112 $ 112 1 $ 201 Total 1 $ 112 $ 112 1 $ 201 1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate. 2 TDRs that defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that were restructured in the prior twelve months. The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: September 30, 2022 (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Commercial and Industrial - Other: Pass $ 105,118 $ 100,909 $ 43,941 $ 45,679 $ 36,484 $ 162,074 $ 208,925 $ 3,849 $ 706,979 Special Mention 0 135 455 275 11 1,432 764 0 3,072 Substandard 0 119 474 39 454 519 7,070 0 8,675 Total Commercial and Industrial - Other $ 105,118 $ 101,163 $ 44,870 $ 45,993 $ 36,949 $ 164,025 $ 216,759 $ 3,849 $ 718,726 Commercial and Industrial - PPP: Pass $ 0 $ 498 $ 377 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 875 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Commercial and Industrial - PPP $ 0 $ 498 $ 377 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 875 Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture: Pass $ 11,505 $ 4,460 $ 5,359 $ 4,528 $ 8,132 $ 5,610 $ 22,960 $ 239 $ 62,793 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 74 0 0 2,298 1,411 0 3,783 Total Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture $ 11,505 $ 4,460 $ 5,433 $ 4,528 $ 8,132 $ 7,908 $ 24,371 $ 239 $ 66,576 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 276,588 $ 362,770 $ 312,387 $ 279,146 $ 206,351 $ 836,400 $ 10,778 $ 25,170 $ 2,309,590 Special Mention 643 3,427 1,700 11,542 2,965 43,006 0 0 63,283 Substandard 83 112 0 3,572 2,250 20,920 141 0 27,078 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 277,314 $ 366,309 $ 314,087 $ 294,260 $ 211,566 $ 900,326 $ 10,919 $ 25,170 $ 2,399,951 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture: Pass $ 24,003 $ 24,407 $ 23,558 $ 26,739 $ 38,919 $ 67,610 $ 2,810 $ 1,248 $ 209,294 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 375 0 0 375 Substandard 0 0 0 219 38 214 0 0 471 Total Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture $ 24,003 $ 24,407 $ 23,558 $ 26,958 $ 38,957 $ 68,199 $ 2,810 $ 1,248 $ 210,140 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Pass $ 12,059 $ 76,821 $ 44,319 $ 24,559 $ 9,511 $ 7,380 $ 23,187 $ 1,308 $ 199,144 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Commercial Real Estate - Construction $ 12,059 $ 76,821 $ 44,319 $ 24,559 $ 9,511 $ 7,380 $ 23,187 $ 1,308 $ 199,144 December 31, 2021 (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Commercial and Industrial - Other: Internal risk grade: Pass $ 123,996 $ 58,432 $ 54,116 $ 42,093 $ 35,725 $ 239,093 $ 125,476 $ 10,039 $ 688,970 Special Mention 156 770 450 100 201 393 1,417 0 3,487 Substandard 179 584 47 575 0 637 4,642 0 6,664 Total Commercial and Industrial - Other $ 124,331 $ 59,786 $ 54,613 $ 42,768 $ 35,926 $ 240,123 $ 131,535 $ 10,039 $ 699,121 Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture: Pass $ 8,573 $ 6,782 $ 5,700 $ 10,136 $ 6,867 $ 3,186 $ 53,145 $ 595 $ 94,984 Special Mention 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 23 Substandard 0 85 11 0 93 2,316 1,660 0 4,165 Total Commercial and Industrial - Agriculture $ 8,573 $ 6,867 $ 5,711 $ 10,159 $ 6,960 $ 5,502 $ 54,805 $ 595 $ 99,172 Commercial and Industrial - PPP: Pass $ 71,260 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 71,260 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Commercial and Industrial - PPP $ 71,260 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 71,260 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 325,874 $ 271,680 $ 249,266 $ 201,992 $ 212,991 $ 810,713 $ 44,264 $ 43,225 $ 2,160,005 Special Mention 0 1,763 11,772 3,217 2,167 61,723 358 0 81,000 Substandard 3,482 0 2,262 2,518 8,509 20,401 422 0 37,594 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 329,356 $ 273,443 $ 263,300 $ 207,727 $ 223,667 $ 892,837 $ 45,044 $ 43,225 $ 2,278,599 Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture: Pass $ 23,151 $ 21,856 $ 28,943 $ 41,064 $ 23,195 $ 50,809 $ 1,949 $ 2,850 $ 193,817 Special Mention 0 479 0 0 0 350 35 0 864 Substandard 0 0 0 39 0 1,253 0 0 1,292 Total Commercial Real Estate - Agriculture $ 23,151 $ 22,335 $ 28,943 $ 41,103 $ 23,195 $ 52,412 $ 1,984 $ 2,850 $ 195,973 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Pass $ 12,840 $ 10,025 $ 16,325 $ 7,542 $ 1,274 $ 6,559 $ 112,537 $ 10,037 $ 177,139 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 643 800 0 1,443 Total Commercial Real Estate - Construction $ 12,840 $ 10,025 $ 16,325 $ 7,542 $ 1,274 $ 7,202 $ 113,337 $ 10,037 $ 178,582 The following table presents credit quality indicators by total loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, continued: September 30, 2022 (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Residential - Home Equity Performing $ 1,603 $ 1,115 $ 671 $ 1,026 $ 839 $ 3,442 $ 175,683 $ 1,267 $ 185,646 Nonperforming 0 0 0 14 0 67 2,275 0 2,356 Total Residential - Home Equity $ 1,603 $ 1,115 $ 671 $ 1,040 $ 839 $ 3,509 $ 177,958 $ 1,267 $ 188,002 Residential - Mortgages Performing $ 159,027 $ 274,096 $ 244,259 $ 120,582 $ 67,999 $ 468,094 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,334,057 Nonperforming 0 340 635 603 1,566 7,540 0 0 10,684 Total Residential - Mortgages $ 159,027 $ 274,436 $ 244,894 $ 121,185 $ 69,565 $ 475,634 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,344,741 Consumer - Direct Performing $ 17,881 $ 15,882 $ 7,825 $ 6,937 $ 4,764 $ 8,439 $ 4,417 $ 0 $ 66,145 Nonperforming 0 0 3 22 77 9 6 $ 0 117 Total Consumer - Direct $ 17,881 $ 15,882 $ 7,828 $ 6,959 $ 4,841 $ 8,448 $ 4,423 $ 0 $ 66,262 Consumer - Indirect Performing $ 0 $ 169 $ 171 $ 1,307 $ 780 $ 134 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,561 Nonperforming 0 0 0 95 38 18 0 0 151 Total Consumer - Indirect $ 0 $ 169 $ 171 $ 1,402 $ 818 $ 152 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,712 December 31, 2021 (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Residential - Home Equity Performing $ 2,033 $ 1,142 $ 3,041 $ 1,600 $ 1,572 $ 3,144 $ 161,630 $ 6,050 $ 180,212 Nonperforming 0 0 16 0 0 604 1,839 0 2,459 Total Residential - Home Equity $ 2,033 $ 1,142 $ 3,057 $ 1,600 $ 1,572 $ 3,748 $ 163,469 $ 6,050 $ 182,671 Residential - Mortgages Performing $ 324,967 $ 282,202 $ 162,574 $ 97,778 $ 124,221 $ 275,133 $ 14,112 $ 1,205 $ 1,282,192 Nonperforming 0 0 241 702 693 7,060 23 0 8,719 Total Residential - Mortgages $ 324,967 $ 282,202 $ 162,815 $ 98,480 $ 124,914 $ 282,193 $ 14,135 $ 1,205 $ 1,290,911 Consumer - Direct Performing $ 20,653 $ 10,735 $ 9,397 $ 5,542 $ 4,849 $ 10,602 $ 5,435 $ 0 $ 67,213 Nonperforming 0 9 44 117 12 0 1 0 183 Total Consumer - Direct $ 20,653 $ 10,744 $ 9,441 $ 5,659 $ 4,861 $ 10,602 $ 5,436 $ 0 $ 67,396 Consumer - Indirect Performing $ 1,809 $ 854 $ 812 $ 506 $ 362 $ 66 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,409 Nonperforming 0 2 148 81 1 14 0 0 246 Total Consumer - Indirect $ 1,809 $ 856 $ 960 $ 587 $ 363 $ 80 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,655 |