PURE Bioscience (PURE) 10-Q 13 Jun 19 2019 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Jun. 13, 2019
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001006028
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Apr. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Entity Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business Flag	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		75,096,128
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 340,000	$ 851,000
Accounts receivable	134,000	275,000
Inventories, net	195,000	197,000
Restricted cash	75,000	75,000
Prepaid expenses	28,000	58,000
Total current assets	772,000	1,456,000
Property, plant and equipment, net	388,000	461,000
Patents, net	550,000	658,000
Total assets	1,710,000	2,575,000
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	386,000	608,000
Accrued liabilities	137,000	170,000
Promissory note payable		503,000
Total current liabilities	523,000	1,281,000
Deferred rent	7,000	13,000
Total liabilities	530,000	1,294,000
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 74,113,371 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2019, and 68,248,158 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2018	741,000	683,000
Additional paid-in capital	123,098,000	117,522,000
Accumulated deficit	(122,659,000)	(116,924,000)
Total stockholders' equity	1,180,000	1,281,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,710,000	$ 2,575,000

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued
Preferred stock, shares outstanding
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	74,113,371	68,248,158
Common stock, shares outstanding	74,113,371	68,248,158

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net product sales	$ 312,000	$ 390,000	$ 1,296,000	$ 1,265,000
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	117,000	166,000	480,000	473,000
Selling, general and administrative	886,000	1,239,000	2,997,000	4,102,000
Research and development	85,000	117,000	249,000	381,000
Share-based compensation	136,000	579,000	2,337,000	1,975,000
Total operating costs and expenses	1,224,000	2,101,000	6,063,000	6,931,000
Loss from operations	(912,000)	(1,711,000)	(4,767,000)	(5,666,000)
Other income (expense)
Inducement to exercise warrants	(960,000)		(960,000)	(876,000)
Change in derivative liabilities				459,000
Interest expense, net	(1,000)	(1,000)	(5,000)	(3,000)
Other income (expense), net		20,000	(3,000)	28,000
Total other income (expense)	(961,000)	19,000	(968,000)	(392,000)
Net loss	$ (1,873,000)	$ (1,692,000)	$ (5,735,000)	$ (6,058,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.03)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.09)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share	73,601,012	68,057,658	72,058,840	66,996,085

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Jul. 31, 2017	$ 631,000	$ 110,141,000	$ (109,482,000)	$ 1,290,000
Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2017	63,093,153
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net, shares
Share-based compensation expense - stock options		1,280,000		1,280,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units		696,000		696,000
Stock issued for services	$ 1,000	50,000		51,000
Stock issued for services, shares	50,000
Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation		1,394,000		1,394,000
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units, shares	18,750
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants	$ 49,000	2,584,000		2,633,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares	4,914,505
Warrant inducement		876,000		876,000
Net loss			(6,058,000)	(6,058,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2018	$ 681,000	117,021,000	(115,540,000)	2,162,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2018	68,076,408
Balance at Jan. 31, 2018	$ 681,000	116,441,000	(113,848,000)	3,274,000
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2018	68,057,658
Share-based compensation expense - stock options		429,000		429,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units		151,000		151,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares	18,750
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares
Warrant inducement
Net loss			(1,692,000)	(1,692,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2018	$ 681,000	117,021,000	(115,540,000)	2,162,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2018	68,076,408
Balance at Jul. 31, 2018	$ 683,000	117,522,000	(116,924,000)	1,281,000
Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2018	68,248,158
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net	$ 33,000	1,464,000		1,497,000
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net, shares	3,333,964
Share-based compensation expense - stock options		1,330,000		1,330,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units		1,007,000		1,007,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares
Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units	$ 1,000	(1,000)
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units, shares	131,250
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants	$ 24,000	816,000		840,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares	2,399,999
Warrant inducement		960,000		960,000
Net loss			(5,735,000)	(5,735,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019	$ 741,000	123,098,000	(122,659,000)	1,180,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2019	74,113,371
Balance at Jan. 31, 2019	$ 717,000	121,186,000	(120,786,000)	1,117,000
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2019	71,713,372
Share-based compensation expense - stock options		83,000		83,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units		53,000		53,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants	$ 24,000	816,000		840,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares	2,399,999
Warrant inducement		960,000		960,000
Net loss			(1,873,000)	(1,873,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019	$ 741,000	$ 123,098,000	$ (122,659,000)	$ 1,180,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2019	74,113,371

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (1,873,000)	$ (1,692,000)	$ (5,735,000)	$ (6,058,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation	136,000	579,000	2,337,000	1,975,000
Amortization of stock issued for services			31,000	115,000
Depreciation and amortization			191,000	213,000
Interest expense on promissory note			1,000
Change in fair value of derivative liability				(459,000)
Inducement to exercise warrants	960,000		960,000	876,000
Gain on inventory recovery				(19,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			141,000	105,000
Inventories			2,000	17,000
Prepaid expenses			(1,000)	60,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			(255,000)	(52,000)
Deferred rent			(6,000)	4,000
Net cash used in operating activities			(2,334,000)	(3,223,000)
Investing activities
Investment in patents			(4,000)	(12,000)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment			(6,000)	(19,000)
Net cash used in investing activities			(10,000)	(31,000)
Financing activities
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock			993,000
Net proceeds from the exercise of warrants			840,000	2,632,000
Net cash provided by financing activities			1,833,000	2,632,000
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			(511,000)	(622,000)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period			926,000	1,715,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	415,000	1,093,000	415,000	1,093,000
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	340,000	1,018,000	340,000	1,018,000
Restricted cash	75,000	75,000	75,000	75,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 415,000	$ 1,093,000	415,000	1,093,000
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities
Warrant liabilities removed due to settlements				1,394,000
Common stock issued for prepaid services				51,000
Conversion of promissory note and accrued interest from a related party to common stock			$ 504,000

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2019. The July 31, 2018 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 25, 2018. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Liquidity & Going Concern Uncer

Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty	2. Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. The factors below raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary from the outcome of this uncertainty. Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $122,659,000. We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $523,000 of current liabilities. As of April 30, 2019, we have no long-term debt. We do not currently believe that our existing cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof. Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources. Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether. We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	3. Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process: 1. Identify the contract with the customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE ® ® Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price. Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products. Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns. Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales. We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Variable Consideration We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. Practical Expedient We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,496,565 and 12,932,189 respectively. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold. Inventories consist of the following: April 30, 2019 July 31, 2018 Raw materials $ 37,000 $ 39,000 Finished goods 158,000 158,000 $ 195,000 $ 197,000 During November 2017, we wrote-off $26,000 of inventory destroyed in a third-party warehouse fire. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, we received $45,000 from an insurance claim for the replacement cost of the inventory destroyed in the fire. As a result, we recorded a gain of $19,000 reflected in the other income section of our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Share-Based Compensation We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: ● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ● Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. ● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. In connection with the October and November 2015 Private Placements, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments were accounted for as derivative liabilities. We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities were adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate.

Derivative Liabilities

Derivative Liabilities	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Liabilities	4. Derivative Liabilities During October and November of 2015 we closed two private placement financings (the “2015 Private Placement Financing”) and issued 20,376,219 warrants. We accounted for warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein. On September 25, 2017, we completed the first closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 1,599,135 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. In addition, there was a net exercise on 118,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 63,811 shares of our common stock. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on September 25, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital. On October 10, 2017, we completed a second and final closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 268,909 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on October 10, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, all outstanding warrants containing derivative features issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, was a decrease of $459,000, which was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of April 30, 2019, there were no warrants classified as derivatives outstanding.

Promissory Note Payable

Promissory Note Payable	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Promissory Note Payable	5. Promissory Note Payable On June 28, 2018, we raised $500,000 to support our continued operations by issuing a one-year promissory note to Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and our largest stockholder. The note accrued interest at 6.5% per annum, compounded annually. On August 16, 2018, $500,000 of principal and approximately $4,000 of accrued interest was canceled and converted into 1,120,633 shares of common stock (See Note 6 to these condensed consolidated financial statements).

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Stockholders' equity
Stockholders' Equity	6. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock As of April 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, in one or more series. As of April 30, 2019 and July 31, 2018, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. Common Stock As of April 30, 2019, 100,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share are authorized for issuance. Private Placement Financing On August 16, 2018, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised approximately $1.5 million in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 3,333,964 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, including the conversion of approximately $0.5 million held in the form of a promissory note as of July 31, 2018. The shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with the investors. Mr. Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors invested approximately $1.0 million through his affiliates, including approximately $0.5 million of cash and the cancellation of existing indebtedness in the amount of approximately $0.5 million that was held in the form of a promissory note payable as of July 31, 2018. The net proceeds to us from the Closing (including the cancellation of indebtedness), after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are approximately $1.5 million. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital. The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them. On February 19, 2019, we entered into warrants amendments (each a “Warrant Amendment”, and together, the “Warrant Amendments”) with three holders of warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock issued in August 2014 (the “2014 Warrants”). The Warrant Amendments provided (i) for a reduction in the exercise price from $0.75 to $0.35 and (ii) that 2014 Warrants would expire unless otherwise exercised on the date of the Warrant Amendments. In connection with the execution of the Warrant Amendments, on February 19, 2019, the holders exercised the 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,399,999 shares of common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $840,000. Tom Lee, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 2,133,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $746,666. Additionally, Dale Okuno, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 213,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $74,666. Due to the reduction in exercise price for the 2014 Warrants issued in connection with the Warrant Amendment, we determined it was appropriate to record $960,000 of expense in the 2019 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the 2014 Warrants. Schedule TO and Warrant Exercises On October 10, 2017, we closed the offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock (the “Tender Offer”). . Specifically, we filed a Schedule TO with the SEC on August 25, 2017 offering to (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrants to purchase 4,104,980 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on August 29, 2014, as amended (the “2014 Warrants”) from $0.75 per share to $0.60 per share of common stock in cash, (ii) reduce the exercise price of outstanding warrants to purchase 1,986,101 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on November 23, 2015 (the “2015 Warrants”) from $0.45 per share to $0.40 per share of common stock in cash, (iii) reduce the exercise price of the outstanding warrants to purchase 1,572,941 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on January 23, 2017 (the “2017 Warrants”, together with the 2014 Warrants and 2015 Warrants, the “Original Warrants”) from $1.25 per share to $0.85 per share of common stock in cash, (iv) shorten the exercise period of the Original Warrants so that they expired concurrently with the expiration of the Offer to Amend and Exercise at 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on September 25, 2017 (“Expiration Date”) unless extended until the Subsequent Expiration Date (as defined below), (v) delete the cashless exercise provisions in the Original Warrants and (vi) delete the price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the 2015 Warrants. Additionally, we requested the holders of a majority of the shares issuable upon exercise of the 2014 Warrants (the “2014 Requisite Majority”), 2015 Warrants (the “2015 Requisite Majority”) and 2017 Warrants (the “2017 Requisite Majority”) to approve an amendment of all of the outstanding 2014 Warrants, 2015 Warrants and 2017 Warrants, respectively, to amend such Original Warrants in the same manner as set forth above (the “Aggregate Warrant Amendment”), except the Expiration Date would be extended until October 10, 2017 (the “Subsequent Expiration Date”) if such Aggregate Warrant Amendment was approved with respect to such class of Original Warrants. The 2015 Requisite Majority approved an amendment of all of the outstanding 2015 Warrants and holders of 2015 Warrants had until the Subsequent Expiration Date to exercise their 2015 Warrants (the “Subsequent Offer Period”). The Offer to Amend and Exercise with respect to the 2014 Warrants and 2017 Warrants expired on the Expiration Date of September 25, 2017. As of September 25, 2017, 1,491,649 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2014 Warrants, 1,599,135 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2015 Warrants and 1,396,470 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2017 Warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $2,720,000. During the Subsequent Offer Period, 2015 Warrants to purchase 268,909 shares of common stock were exercised for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $107,000. 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,533,331 shares of common stock and 2017 Warrants to purchase 176,471 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.75 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively, continue to remain outstanding and no 2015 Warrants remain outstanding. Original Warrants (including 2015 Warrants exercised during the Subsequent Offer Period) to purchase an aggregate of 4,756,163 shares of common stock were tendered and exercised in the Offer to Amend and Exercise for aggregate net proceeds to us of approximately $2,632,000. Garden State Securities Inc. assisted the Company as warrant solicitation agents with respect to the 2017 Warrants. Due to the reduction in exercise price for the Original Warrants issued in connection with the Schedule TO, we determined it was appropriate to record $876,000 of expense in the 2018 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the Original Warrants. Additional Warrant Exercise During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, there was a net exercise on 573,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 158,342 shares of our common stock. As these warrants were net exercised, as permitted under the respective warrant agreement, we did not receive any cash proceeds. 198,057 of the warrants exercised during the period were issued in connection with the Original Warrants discussed above. Other Activity During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we entered into a two-year service agreement for business development services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 50,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $51,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and is being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019, we recognized $6,000 and $19,000 of expense related to these services, respectively. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $6,000 and $15,000 of expense related to these services, respectively. On April 13, 2016, we entered into a two-year service agreement for general financial advisory services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 250,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $290,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and was being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $28,000 and $100,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-Based Compensation	7. Share-Based Compensation Restricted Stock Units During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 725,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to officers and consultants. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 131,250 RSUs were canceled. On October 4, 2018, the Board of Directors appointed Tom Myers as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. In connection with Mr. Myer’s appointment, the Board agreed to grant him 500,000 RSUs upon the achievement by the Company of cash flow breakeven for a fiscal quarter, after which such RSUs shall vest annually over the following three years. Based on the applicable guidance, we determined that these RSUs are not deemed to be granted and therefore there are no accounting implications as of April 30, 2019. During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 300,000 RSUs to newly appointed members of our board of directors. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2018, we issued 375,000 RSUs to third-party consultants, of which 300,000 are performance based. We currently do not expect the 300,000 RSUs to vest. Of the 756,250 unvested RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 456,250 to vest. As of April 30, 2019, there was $262,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.87 years. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 1,362,500 RSUs vested based on service conditions. Of the 2,362,500 RSUs outstanding as of April 30, 2019, 1,606,250 RSUs are vested and the underlying common stock has not been delivered and remains outstanding, as set forth in the RSU agreements. For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $53,000 and $151,000, respectively. For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $1,007,000, of which $489,000 was due to the accelerated vesting of RSU’s held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $696,000. Stock Option Plans 2007 Equity Incentive Plan In February 2016, we amended and restated our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2007 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2007 Plan by 4,000,000 shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until February 4, 2026. The 2007 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,143,000 shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan Our shareholders approved our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) in January 2018, which has a share reserve of 5,000,000 shares of common stock that were registered under a Form S-8 filed with the SEC in February 2018. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,971,000 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. During the three months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 200,000 stock options to a newly appointed member of our board of directors. The options vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 100,000 stock options to a consultant supporting our business development activities. The options vest monthly over a two year period and carry a five year term. A summary of our stock option activity is as follows: Shares Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding at July 31, 2018 7,626,093 $ 1.09 $ — Granted 300,000 $ 0.52 — Exercised — $ — — Cancelled (253,125 ) $ 1.28 — Outstanding at April 30, 2019 7,672,968 $ 1.07 $ 3,000 The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding at April 30, 2019 was 4.92 years. At April 30, 2019, options to purchase 6,602,135 shares of common stock were exercisable. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $1.10 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.67 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for options granted during the nine months ended April 30, 2019 was $0.30. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of April 30, 2019 was approximately $387,000 and the weighted average period over which these grants are expected to vest is 2.0 years. For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for stock options was $83,000 and $226,000, respectively. For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,330,000, of which $739,000 was due the accelerated vesting of stock options held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,076,000. We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions: Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 Three Months Ended April 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended April 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended April 30, 2018 Volatility 82.24 % 66.33 % 75.67 % 70.16 % Risk-free interest rate 2.55 % 2.34 % 2.63 % 2.26 % Dividend yield — % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected life 5.68 years 2.93 years 4.80 years 3.41 years Volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility. The risk-free interest rates used in the Black-Scholes calculations are based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve. We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation. The expected life of options was estimated using the average between the contractual term and the vesting term of the options.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

Recent Accounting Pronouncements	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	8. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, which supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard was originally effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early application permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred by one year the effective date for all entities, with application permitted as of the original effective date. The standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective method of adoption. We adopted the new standard for the fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. Under this method, entities recognize the cumulative impact of applying the new standard at the date of adoption without restatement of prior periods presented. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. See “Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). While results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, all prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during these prior periods. The accounting policies for revenue recognition for periods prior to August 1, 2018 are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018. Adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the revenue recognition disclosure above. In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our financial statements as all derivative liabilities were all exercised or expired as of July 31, 2018. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalents and requires companies to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard also requires additional disclosures to describe the amount and detail of the restriction by balance sheet line item. The new standard was effective for us on August 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $75,000 in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance. Net cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. In December 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), which changes existing U.S. tax law and includes various provisions that are expected to affect public companies. The 2017 Act (i) changes U.S. corporate tax rates, (ii) generally reduces a company’s ability to utilize accumulated net operating losses, and (iii) requires the calculation of a one-time transition tax on certain previously unrepatriated foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). The 2017 Act will also impact estimates of a company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017”). This new law did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 because we maintain a valuation allowance on the entirety of our deferred tax assets. However, the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity and guidance around which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new standard was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payment to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, the measurement period for equity-classified non-employee awards will be fixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-07 during the nine months ended April 30, 2019. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our financial statements.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	9. Subsequent Events On May 9, 2019, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised net proceeds of $285,000 in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 982,757 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.29 per share. The Shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with Dale Okuno and Ivan Chen, each of whom are accredited investors. Mr. Okuno and Mr. Chen, members of the Company’s Board of Directors invested $250,000 and $35,000, respectively, in the Private Placement Financing. The net proceeds to us from the Closing, after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $284,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital. The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.

Significant Accounting Polici_2

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process: 1. Identify the contract with the customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE ® ® Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price. Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products. Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns. Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales. We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Variable Consideration We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. Practical Expedient We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,496,565 and 12,932,189 respectively.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.
Inventory	Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold. Inventories consist of the following: April 30, 2019 July 31, 2018 Raw materials $ 37,000 $ 39,000 Finished goods 158,000 158,000 $ 195,000 $ 197,000 During November 2017, we wrote-off $26,000 of inventory destroyed in a third-party warehouse fire. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, we received $45,000 from an insurance claim for the replacement cost of the inventory destroyed in the fire. As a result, we recorded a gain of $19,000 reflected in the other income section of our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Share-Based Compensation	Share-Based Compensation We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: ● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ● Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. ● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. In connection with the October and November 2015 Private Placements, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments were accounted for as derivative liabilities. We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities were adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate.

Significant Accounting Polici_3

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Inventories	Inventories consist of the following: April 30, 2019 July 31, 2018 Raw materials $ 37,000 $ 39,000 Finished goods 158,000 158,000 $ 195,000 $ 197,000

Share-Based Compensation (Table

Share-Based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock Option Activity	A summary of our stock option activity is as follows: Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at July 31, 2018 7,626,093 $ 1.09 $ — Granted 300,000 $ 0.52 — Exercised — $ — — Cancelled (253,125 ) $ 1.28 — Outstanding at April 30, 2019 7,672,968 $ 1.07 $ 3,000
Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions	The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions: Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 Three Months Ended April 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended April 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended April 30, 2018 Volatility 82.24 % 66.33 % 75.67 % 70.16 % Risk-free interest rate 2.55 % 2.34 % 2.63 % 2.26 % Dividend yield — % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected life 5.68 years 2.93 years 4.80 years 3.41 years

Liquidity & Going Concern Unc_2

Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Other Than Options, Expected to Vest
Cumulative net loss	$ 122,659,000	$ 116,924,000
Cash and cash equivalents	340,000	851,000	$ 1,018,000
Current liabilities	523,000	$ 1,281,000
Long-term debt

Significant Accounting Polici_4

Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of antidilutive shares				10,496,565	12,932,189
Inventory write-off	$ 26,000				$ (19,000)
Insurance claim received for inventory destroyed			$ 45,000
Gain on inventory recovery			19,000
Impairment of long-lived assets

Significant Accounting Polici_5

Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 37,000	$ 39,000
Finished goods	158,000	158,000
Inventory, net	$ 195,000	$ 197,000

Derivative Liabilities (Details

Derivative Liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Sep. 25, 2017	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Oct. 10, 2017	Nov. 30, 2015	Oct. 31, 2015
Issuance of share of common stock					158,342
Change in fair value of warrant liability					$ 459,000
2015 Private Placement Financing [Member]
Number of warrants issued							20,376,219	20,376,219
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	1,599,135					268,909
Number of warrants exercise during the period	118,057
Issuance of share of common stock	63,811

Promissory Note Payable (Detail

Promissory Note Payable (Details Narrative) - Promissory Note [Member] - Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member] - USD ($)	Aug. 16, 2018	Jun. 28, 2018
Proceeds from issuance of promissory note		$ 500,000
Debt instrument term		1 year
Debt instrument interest rate		6.50%
Principal amount	$ 500,000
Accrued interest	$ 4,000
Debt conversion converted into stock	1,120,633

Stockholders' Equity (Details N

Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Feb. 19, 2019	Aug. 16, 2018	Sep. 25, 2017	Apr. 13, 2016	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Oct. 31, 2017	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018	Jan. 23, 2017	Nov. 23, 2015	Aug. 29, 2014
Preferred stock shares authorized					5,000,000			5,000,000		5,000,000
Preferred stock shares par value					$ 0.01			$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Preferred stock shares issued
Preferred stock shares outstanding
Common stock shares authorized					100,000,000			100,000,000		100,000,000
Common stock shares par value					$ 0.01			$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Number of common stock shares issued									158,342
Inducement to exercise warrants					$ 960,000			$ 960,000	$ 876,000
Proceeds from issuance of common shares								993,000
Proceeds from warrant exercise								840,000	2,632,000
Value of shares issued for services									51,000
Two Year Service Agreement [Member] | Business Development Services [Member]
Number of common shares issued for services							50,000
Value of shares issued for services					$ 6,000	6,000	$ 51,000	$ 19,000	15,000
Two Year Service Agreement [Member] | General Financial Advisory Services [Member]
Number of common shares issued for services				250,000
Value of shares issued for services				$ 290,000		$ 28,000			$ 100,000
2014 Warrants [Member]
Number of common stock shares issued			1,491,649
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 0.75			$ 0.75
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	2,399,999				2,533,331			2,533,331					4,104,980
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants	$ 840,000
Inducement to exercise warrants								$ 960,000
2014 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Price per shares													$ 0.75
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 0.75
2014 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Price per shares													$ 0.60
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 0.35
2015 Warrants [Member]
Number of common stock shares issued			1,599,135
Number of warrants to purchase common stock												1,986,101
2015 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Price per shares												$ 0.45
2015 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Price per shares												$ 0.40
2017 Warrants [Member]
Number of common stock shares issued			1,396,470
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 1.25			$ 1.25
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					176,471			176,471			1,572,941
Proceeds from issuance of common shares			$ 2,720,000
2017 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Price per shares											$ 1.25
2017 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Price per shares											$ 0.85
Original Warrants [Member]
Warrant expiration date					Sep. 25, 2017			Sep. 25, 2017
Net exercise of warrants						198,057			198,057
2015 Warrants [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					268,909			268,909
Proceeds from warrant exercise								$ 107,000
2015 Warrants [Member] | Garden State Securities Inc [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					4,756,163			4,756,163
Proceeds from warrant exercise								$ 2,632,000
Warrant [Member]
Net exercise of warrants						573,057			573,057
Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member]
Investments amount		$ 1,000,000
Investment cash		500,000
Cancellation of indebtedness amount		500,000
Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member] | 2014 Warrants [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	2,133,333
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants	$ 746,666
Dale Okuno [Member] | 2014 Warrants [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	213,333
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants	$ 74,666
Private Placement [Member]
Closing value of common stock shares		$ 1,500,000
Number of common stock shares issued		3,333,964
Price per shares		$ 0.45
Conversion amount										$ 500,000
Net proceeds from private placement financing		$ 1,500,000

Share-Based Compensation (Detai

Share-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Oct. 04, 2018	Feb. 29, 2016	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units outstanding			74,113,371		74,113,371		68,248,158
Share-based compensation			$ 83,000	$ 226,000		$ 1,076,000
Options issued to purchase common stock					6,602,135
Options expirations term					4 years 11 months 1 day
Weighted average exercise price			$ 1.10		$ 1.10
Weighted average contractual term					4 years 8 months 2 days
Weighted average grant date fair value for options granted					$ 0.30
Weighted-average contractual term of expected to vest					2 years
Dave Pfanzelter [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares units vested amount					$ 739,000
Board of Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options issued to purchase common stock			200,000		100,000
Option vested description					The options vest monthly over a two year period and carry a five year term.
2007 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock shares increase under the plan		4,000,000
Share-based compensation, expiration date		Feb. 4, 2026
Contractual life vesting periods		10 years
Number of shares available for issuance under the plan			1,143,000		1,143,000
2017 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation					$ 1,330,000
Contractual life vesting periods					10 years
Number of shares available for issuance under the plan			1,971,000		1,971,000
Common stock, shares reserved			5,000,000		5,000,000
Unrecognized compensation cost of unvested stock option grants			$ 387,000		$ 387,000
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock cancelled					131,250
Number of shares not expected to vest						300,000
Unvested restricted stock units outstanding				756,250		756,250
Shares expected to vest						456,250
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs			$ 262,000		$ 262,000
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period					1 year 10 months 14 days
Number of restricted stock units vested					1,362,500
Restricted stock units outstanding			2,362,500		2,362,500
RSUs vested and non-delivered underlying common stock			1,606,250		1,606,250
Share-based compensation			$ 53,000	$ 151,000	$ 1,007,000	$ 696,000
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Board of Directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation					725,000	300,000
Share-based compensation, vesting period					2 years	2 years
Share-based payment award, expiration period					10 years	10 years
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Tom Myers [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation	500,000
Share-based compensation, vesting period	3 years
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Third-Party Consultants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation						375,000
Share-based compensation description						We issued 375,000 RSUs to third-party consultants, of which 300,000 are performance based. We currently do not expect the 300,000 RSUs to vest.
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Mr. Pfanzelter [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares units vested amount					$ 489,000

Share-Based Compensation - Sche

Share-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Options Outstanding Shares, Beginning Balance | shares	7,626,093
Options Granted, Shares | shares	300,000
Options Exercised, Shares | shares
Options Cancelled, Shares | shares	(253,125)
Options Outstanding Shares, Ending Balance | shares	7,672,968
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 1.09
Weighted Average Exercise Price Granted | $ / shares	0.52
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercised | $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price Cancelled | $ / shares	1.28
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending Balance | $ / shares	$ 1.07
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, Ending Balance | $	$ 3,000

Share-Based Compensation - Sc_2

Share-Based Compensation - Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Volatility	82.24%	66.33%	75.67%	70.16%
Risk-free interest rate	2.55%	2.34%	2.63%	2.26%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected life	5 years 8 months 5 days	2 years 11 months 4 days	4 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 4 months 28 days

Recent Accounting Pronounceme_2

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details Narrative)	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019USD ($)
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 75,000
Income tax examination description	The reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets.
Federal corporate tax rate	21.00%

Subsequent Events (Details Narr

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	May 09, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 993,000
Number of shares issued			158,342
Subsequent Event [Member]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 285,000
Number of shares issued	982,757
Sale of stock price, per share	$ 0.29
Proceeds from private placement	$ 284,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Mr. Okuno [Member]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	250,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Mr. Chen [Member]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 35,000