UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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þ | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended:December 31, 2007
or
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o | | TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:0-27938
COLUMBIA BANCORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Oregon (State of incorporation) | | 93-1193156 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
401 East Third Street, Suite 200
The Dalles, Oregon 97058
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number: (541) 298-6649
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
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Title of each class Common stock, no par value | | Name of each exchange on which registered Nasdaq Global Select Market |
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Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yeso Noþ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yeso Noþ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesþ Noo
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filero | | Accelerated filerþ | | Non-accelerated filero | | Smaller reporting companyo |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yeso Noþ
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the stock was sold, or the average bid and asked prices of such stock, as of June 30, 2007, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $193,324,460.
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity as of the latest practicable date: 10,048,220 shares of no par value common stock on February 20, 2008.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement dated March 3, 2008 for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, including any amendments thereto, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.
COLUMBIA BANCORP
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various forward-looking statements that are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided by Section 21D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended. These statements include statements about our present plans and intentions, about our strategy, growth, and deployment of resources, and about our expectations for future financial performance. Forward-looking statements use prospective language, including words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plans,” “intends,” or other similar terminology.
Because forward-looking statements are, in part, an attempt to project future events and explain current plans, they are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause our actions and our financial and operational results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risks described in Part I – Item 1A “Risk Factors.”
Information presented in this report is accurate as of the date the report is filed with the SEC. We do not undertake any duty to update our forward-looking statements or the factors that may cause us to deviate from them, except as required by law.
PART I
ITEM 1 BUSINESS
General
Columbia Bancorp (“Columbia”) is a financial holding company organized in 1996 under Oregon Law. Columbia’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “CBBO.” Columbia’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Columbia River Bank (“CRB” or “the Bank”), is an Oregon state-chartered bank, headquartered in The Dalles, Oregon, through which substantially all business is conducted. CRB offers a broad range of services to its customers, primarily small and medium sized businesses and individuals.
We have a network of 22 full-service branches throughout Oregon and Washington. In Oregon, we operate 15 branches that serve the northern and eastern Oregon communities of The Dalles, Hood River, Pendleton and Hermiston, the central Oregon communities of Madras, Redmond, and Bend, and the Willamette Valley communities of McMinnville, Canby, Lake Oswego and Newberg. In Washington, we operate 7 branches that serve the communities of Goldendale, White Salmon, Pasco, Yakima, Sunnyside, Richland and Vancouver.
From our beginning in 1977 as a one-branch bank in The Dalles, Oregon, we have grown as a result of merger and acquisition activity, new branch openings, the introduction of new banking products, the expansion and cross-marketing of existing products and our community-bank lending expertise. Collectively, these growth activities have enabled us to diversify our loan portfolio and operating risks over several market areas and local economies.
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We operate branches in the following geographic regions and cities in Oregon and Washington:
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| | Oregon | | Washington |
Central Oregon | | Bend | | Redmond | | | | |
(High Desert Region) | | Madras | | | | | | |
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Columbia Basin | | Hermiston | | | | Richland | | Sunnyside |
| | Pendleton | | | | Pasco | | Yakima |
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Columbia River Gorge | | Hood River | | | | Goldendale | | |
| | The Dalles | | | | White Salmon | | |
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Willamette Valley | | Canby | | McMinnville | | Vancouver | | |
| | Lake Oswego | | Newberg | | | | |
Our market diversity presents both opportunities and challenges. We take advantage of our opportunities by offering high quality financial products and services to our individual and business customers. These offerings include a broad range of deposit and loan products and services such as retail banking, mortgage loans, broker dealer services and commercial, agricultural and real estate lending.
We address our challenges by staffing our branches and business teams with managers who are established in their communities and who have developed a loyal customer following. Our management teams review the operations of each branch to determine which products and services are best suited to that geographic region. We believe geographic diversity across a broad portion of the Pacific Northwest will limit our exposure to adverse market conditions in any one geographical region or economic sector.
2007 Business Developments
As of December 31, 2007, we had total assets of $1.04 billion, total gross loans of $879.06 million, total deposits of $922.89 million, and shareholders’ equity of $102.24 million. Our net income for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled $14.48 million, or $1.42 per diluted share.
During 2007, we realigned some of the roles of our executive management team and expanded the team to include new members. In late December 2006, Christine Herb was hired as Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer. In January 2007, Bob Card was promoted to Executive Vice President and Director of Risk Management. In September 2007, we announced that Greg Spear would serve as Vice Chair and continue as Chief Financial Officer overseeing our finance, information technology, operations teams and our Vancouver expansion. We also announced that Staci Coburn was promoted to Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, as well as Principal Accounting Officer for Columbia Bancorp. In October 2007, Brian Devereux was hired as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Ms. Herb, Ms. Coburn and Mr. Devereux report to Mr. Spear. In November 2007, we hired Tamera Millington Bhatti as Corporate Vice President and Director of Human Resources. Britt Thomas, Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, resigned in October 2007. We expect to fill this position during the first quarter of 2008 as we finish the recruitment and interview process.
A key focus for 2007 was the enhancement and re-engineering of our administrative support teams, including: finance, information technology and operations. This focus followed a period of growth and expansion on the retail side of the bank over the last several years. These changes are designed to achieve more effective and efficient product and service delivery that will benefit our customers. In addition to these administrative changes, we realigned the reporting structure of our retail functions to streamline reporting relationships and focus our activities around growing low cost deposits.
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In July 2007, we opened a new Vancouver, Washington facility that includes a temporary branch and space for administrative employees. We plan to complete construction of a permanent Vancouver branch location in late 2008. During 2007, we also started construction of permanent branch facilities in Yakima and Sunnyside, Washington to replace our current temporary facilities. We expect to complete construction of the permanent Yakima and Sunnyside branches during the second and third quarters of 2008.
In 2007, the banking industry faced significant economic challenges as a result of the subprime mortgage fallout. Over the last several years, subprime mortgage loans (loans offered to borrowers with weakened credit histories) contributed to residential real estate growth. Due to growing concerns about the underlying quality of subprime loans, funding for these loans rapidly dissipated during 2007. Our subprime mortgage lending activity has been limited to brokering a small number of mortgage loans directly into the secondary market. However, we have been impacted by the resulting residential real estate slowdown.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2007, real estate loan demand slowed throughout our market areas. A key part of our growth during the last five years has been providing for the credit and borrowing needs of real estate development projects throughout our markets. As a result of the weakening real estate market, several real estate projects to which we extended credit have come under financial stress. This caused an increase in loans on non-accrual status during the third and fourth quarters of 2007. Although we have a significant concentration of real estate construction and development loans, our portfolio is also diversified across different loan types and geographic regions. We are proactively working with our customers to identify and respond to problems caused by the current economic environment.
In September 2007, the Federal Reserve began decreasing the Fed Funds interest rate in response to the deteriorating real estate market and subprime mortgage fallout. A significant portion of our loans are tied to the Prime Rate, which moves in tandem with the Fed Funds rate. As a result, our loan yields have decreased as the Fed Funds rate has decreased. These decreases have been partially mitigated by interest rate floors in our variable rate loans. However, combined with the lagging re-pricing of our deposit portfolio, the lower loan yields have resulted in the compression of our net interest margin.
Business Strategy
Our strategy is to remain a high-performing financial institution – achieving performance levels in the top quartile of all bank holding companies with assets between $750 million and $1.50 billion. Performance measurements and statistics are presented quarterly in the Bank Holding Company Performance Report as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank. We also benchmark our results against a selected peer group of other banks in the Pacific Northwest region (see below). We also plan to continue building on our position as a leading community-based provider of financial services in Oregon and Washington while balancing our goals and priorities to benefit shareholders, customers and employees.
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The following table present companies in our selected Pacific Northwest region peer group along with performance statistics as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007:
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| | Stock | | Return on | | Net | | | | | | |
| | Ticker | | Average | | Interest | | NPA / | | Allowance / | | NCO / |
Company Name | | Symbol | | Equity | | Margin(1) | | Assets(2) | | Loans(3) | | Loans(4) |
American West Bancorporation | | AWBC | | | 3.36 | % | | | 5.09 | % | | | 1.90 | % | | | 1.42 | % | | | 0.93 | % |
Banner Corporation | | BANR | | | 10.07 | % | | | 3.99 | % | | | 0.98 | % | | | 1.20 | % | | | 0.08 | % |
Cascade Bancorp | | CACB | | | 10.92 | % | | | 5.19 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.66 | % | | | 0.46 | % |
Cashmere Valley Financial Corp | | CVYF | | | 15.13 | % | | | 3.21 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.61 | % | | | 0.15 | % |
Columbia Banking System, Inc. | | COLB | | | 11.19 | % | | | 4.19 | % | | | 0.46 | % | | | 1.16 | % | | | 0.02 | % |
Intermountain Community Bancorp | | IMCB | | | 11.31 | % | | | 5.21 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.53 | % | | | 0.27 | % |
Pacific Continental Corporation | | PCBK | | | 12.55 | % | | | 5.16 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.05 | % | | | 0.04 | % |
PremierWest Bancorp | | PRWT | | | 12.25 | % | | | 5.68 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.12 | % | | | 0.03 | % |
Riverview Community Bank | | RVSB | | | 11.88 | % | | | 5.01 | % | | | 0.14 | % | | | 1.31 | % | | | 0.05 | % |
West Coast Bancorp | | WCBO | | | 7.86 | % | | | 4.91 | % | | | 1.12 | % | | | 2.16 | % | | | 0.34 | % |
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Columbia Bancorp | | CBBO | | | 14.96 | % | | | 5.61 | % | | | 1.00 | % | | | 1.27 | % | | | 0.43 | % |
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Top 25% of Bank Holding Companies | | | | | | | 13.19 | % | | | 3.42 | % | | | 0.86 | % | | | 1.07 | % | | | 0.08 | % |
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(1) | | Tax equivalent net interest margin |
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(2) | | Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets |
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(3) | | Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans |
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(4) | | Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average gross loans |
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N/A= performance measure not available |
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Source: | | SNL Data Source |
Components of our business strategy are as follows:
Operate Successfully in Small to Medium Sized Communities –We believe the key to profitability is increasing penetration in our existing markets, expanding into new markets through suitable acquisitions and new branches openings in geographic areas with population levels ranging from 20,000 to 250,000. Our branch operation strategy is as follows: first, to offer superior customer service and value-added banking products and services; second, to hire and retain high-performing, experienced branch and administrative personnel; and finally, to respond quickly to customer demand and growth opportunities. We balance the advantages of maintaining customer-focused management functions at the branch level with the efficiencies and control structure of centralized operational support functions.
Maintain High Asset Quality –Several practices contribute to our strategy of maintaining high asset quality. First, we require prompt and strict adherence to established credit policies. Second, we offer training programs to our loan officers that are combined with appropriate oversight and supervision. Third, loan officer incentive compensation takes into account the quality of the loans originated. Fourth, we generally hire branch managers and loan officers with established ties to their communities; as a result, these managers and officers typically have a better sense of customer credit standing and performance. Finally, the diversity of local economies and geographic regions in which we operate increases our loan diversification and improves the risk profile of our overall loan portfolio.
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Products and Services
Consumer Distribution Channels
Retail Bank Products and Services– Consumer deposit products include non-interest bearing and interest bearing demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. We adjust interest rates paid on interest bearing accounts based on competitive market factors, the need to manage deposit maturities and liquidity requirements. In order to minimize our cost of funds, we emphasize customer relationships that maximize deposits held in non-interest bearing transactional accounts. We provide loans to consumer borrowers for a variety of purposes, including secured and unsecured personal loans, home equity loans, personal lines of credit, credit cards and various installment loans.
CRB Mortgage Team Products and Services– Our CRB Mortgage Team offers loans for single-family, owner occupied homes, construction financing packages, reverse mortgages and mortgages for vacation homes and rental income properties. Customers can choose between fixed, variable, interest-only and balloon rate options. Construction loans are available through the conventional two-step process. Junior lien financing is also offered in combination with a first mortgage.
CRB Financial Services Team Products and Services– Through arrangements with Primevest Financial Services, Inc. (“Primevest”), our CRB Financial Services Team offers a wide range of financial products and services to consumers and businesses. Primevest is an independent, registered broker-dealer and registered investment advisor. In addition, Primevest is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.
Technology-Based Products and Services– We use both traditional and new technologies to support our personal service focus. Technologies include the following: (1) VISA credit and check card (debit card) programs; (2) ATMs at branch and off-site locations; (3) a telephone banking service in both English and Spanish that allows customers to either speak directly with a customer service representative during banking hours or access account information with a 24-hour automated service; and (4) secure Internet banking service with online access to account information.
Commercial Distribution Channels
Our experienced lending staff has special expertise in small business, agricultural and real estate lending. Our loan officers provide an ongoing business relationship with our customers. We believe our business customers appreciate these relationships and find them beneficial because they foster open and timely communication. Our relationship-based banking approach is an important aspect of our strategy to manage loan quality.
Our goal is to maintain sound loan underwriting standards with written loan policies, appropriate individual and branch lending limits, loan administration reviews and an internal loan review function. Significant loan commitments or loan participations are reviewed by the Loan Committee of our Board of Directors. Underwriting standards are designed to maintain a high-quality loan portfolio, compliance with lending regulations and the desired mix of loan maturities and industry concentrations. To reduce the risk of credit losses, we monitor the financial condition of borrowers and the value of collateral during the life of a loan.
Commercial Loans– We offer customized loans including equipment and inventory financing, operational lines of credit, SBA loans for qualified businesses and accounts receivable financing. Because we report real estate-secured loans as real estate loans, a significant portion of loans used for commercial purposes are not classified as such. Commercial loan approval decisions are based on careful evaluation of the financial strength, management and credit history of the borrower and the quality and marketability of the collateral securing the loan. Commercial loans are generally limited to 75% of the collateral’s value. We typically require personal guarantees for commercial loans to closely held businesses. We also identify secondary sources of repayment such as personal guarantees, reserves in other assets or other sources of payment.
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Agricultural Loans– We offer agricultural business loans, including production lines of credit, equipment financing and term loans for capital improvements or other business purposes. Agricultural loans are generally secured by crops, equipment, inventory, livestock and real estate. Agricultural lending can require significant follow-up time due to the ongoing communication and budget review during production cycles. In order to assist loan officers with agricultural loan processing and administration, we employ two agricultural loan consultants with numerous years of farm lending experience to assist our loan officers in agricultural loan processing and administration. Our loan officers make frequent visits to farming operation sites, regularly attend agricultural lending programs and seminars and actively participate in growers’ associations and other agricultural-based organizations.
Real Estate Loans– We offer real estate loans for the construction, purchase, or refinance of commercial, single family residential and rental income properties. We also provide financing on a selective basis to land developers and speculative and pre-sold financing to home builders. We offer a variety of fixed and adjustable rate options and terms.
Our real estate loans, excluding loans secured by residential real estate, are primarily loans to commercial customers, farmers and ranchers and are secured by the properties used in their businesses. The majority of these loans feature variable interest rates with adjustment periods varying from one to five years. Repayment performance on real estate loans depends on the successful operation and management of the businesses and properties securing the loans and can also be affected by local and national real estate market fluctuations and values, economic conditions or the success or failure of the client’s overall business plan. We employ two real estate risk management officers, who are certified by the Appraisal Institute (M.A.I. certified), to mitigate potential problems. Our real estate risk manager oversees the appraisal ordering and review process to ensure the Bank does not loan beyond prudent and regulatory levels on specific real estate projects.
Government-Assisted Loan Programs– We offer loans to small businesses and farmers that are supported by guarantees issued by various state and federal government agencies. We are active in the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) 504 program and other similar programs offered by the Oregon Economic and Community Development Department. The SBA 504 program is a loan participation arrangement where a borrower may obtain up to 90% funding for owner occupied commercial real estate. We typically provide 60% financing in a first lien position and the program typically provides 30% in a subordinate lien position through the issuance of government guaranteed bonds. We also participate in government loan guarantee programs offered through the Farm Services Agency, the SBA and Oregon Economic and Community Development Department. Participation in these programs reduces credit risk in our loan portfolio.
Services to Non-Profits and Public Entities– We offer various loan products to borrowers in the non-profit and public entity sector, including city and county governments. We also offer jumbo certificates of deposit and low-cost loan programs.
Deposit and Related Products– Our business deposit products include basic, regular, and interest bearing deposit accounts, business money market accounts and sweep accounts. We offer a Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System (“CDARS”) product that provides Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance on deposit balances greater than $100,000 by distributing balances across other banks. Private deposit insurance is also available for customers with balances in excess of eligible FDIC limits. (Our CDARS product and private insurance coverage are also available to non-business customers). We offer a VISA merchant program and check verification and check recovery services. We also offer a Positive Pay product that matches clearing checks with a customer-provided batch file to identify fraudulent disbursements. In the second quarter of 2008, we will offer a remote deposit product that allows deposit items to be scanned by our customers and electronically submitted to us.
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Cash Management Services– We offer business customers cash management services online through our internet business solutions product and through our relationship with a correspondent bank. We also have dedicated employees to assist customers with cash management services. Our products provide business customers the following services: payroll processing, collections, wire transfers, electronic funds transfer for tax payments, lock box services, deposit sweeps and check payment verification.
Investment Products– Our affiliation with Primevest allows us to offer non-FDIC insured financial products and services to our business customers through our CRB Financial Services Team. These include insurance and annuity products and employee retirement plan products such as SEPs, IRAs and 401(k) plans.
Principal Markets of Operation
We accept deposits and offer loans at our branches in Wasco, Hood River, Jefferson, Deschutes, Clackamas, Yamhill and Umatilla counties in Oregon and Clark, Klickitat, Benton, Franklin and Yakima counties in Washington. We also offer loans to customers in adjacent counties including Crook, Gilliam, Multnomah, Sherman and Washington counties in Oregon and Grant, Skamania and Walla Walla counties in Washington. Most of our products and services, including investment products through CRB Financial Services Team and mortgage loans through the CRB Mortgage Team, are offered and distributed throughout our branches in Oregon and Washington.
Our marketing objective is to create and foster a customer-focused sales culture in our branches and administrative departments. Employees are trained to offer additional products and services to existing customers, expanding our relationship with them to provide a comprehensive banking solution. We regularly evaluate new products and services based on our customers’ preferences and the potential profitability of those products and services. Although we promote our products and services through media advertising, we rely primarily on referrals and direct sales calls for new business. We support employee participation in community activities, which allows us to make a contribution to the communities we serve while increasing our visibility and business opportunities.
We believe the diverse assortment of customers, communities and economic sectors that we serve provides us with a competitive advantage. We also believe our customer relationships allow us to be less reliant on discounted pricing for product and service offerings, in comparison to some of our competitors. In addition, as a community bank, we focus on local customer needs and preferences and we are able to be flexible in the design of our product and service offerings.
Competition
Competitors for loans include banks, savings and loan associations, mortgage companies, finance companies, insurance companies, credit unions and other institutional lenders. Competitors for deposits include banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, money market funds, issuers of corporate and government securities, insurance companies, brokerage firms, mutual funds and other financial intermediaries. We also experience competition from online banking services offered by traditional commercial banks and other financial service providers and by newly formed companies that use the Internet to advertise and sell competing products.
Our business model is to compete primarily on the basis of customer relationships based on service, rather than price. We develop personal, ongoing relationships with our customers and provide value-added products and services. We allow customer-focused decisions to be made at the branch-level while benefitting from the efficiencies and control structure of centralized operational functions. We balance our community and relationship banking approach with the need to attract customers based on pricing of interest rates and loan fees charged by our competitors. Our product pricing is generally competitive with other financial institutions in our markets.
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SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
General
We are extensively regulated under federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors, borrowers and shareholders. The following discussion describes and summarizes certain statutes and regulations. These descriptions and summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the particular statute or regulation. Changes in applicable laws or regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects. Our operations may also be affected by changes in the policies of banking and other government regulators. We cannot reasonably predict the effects that fiscal or monetary policies, or new federal or state laws, may have on our business and earnings.
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act
In 1999, Congress passed the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act (the “FSMA”). This legislation repealed certain provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act that had required the separation of the banking, insurance and securities businesses. It also created a new business structure known as a financial services holding company. Under this law, banks were given broader opportunities to affiliate with insurance and securities companies. Banks could also become tempting acquisition targets, as insurance and securities companies seek such affiliations themselves. The FSMA may also encourage local jurisdictions to enact tighter bank privacy provisions. The enactment and implementation of the FSMA resulted in new competitive challenges and opportunities for community banks.
Under FSMA, we are classified as a financial services holding company. Financial holding companies are bank holding companies that satisfy certain criteria and are permitted to engage in activities that traditional bank holding companies are not. We are subject to the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”). We provide annual reports and other requested information to the Federal Reserve. We are also examined by the Federal Reserve on an annual basis.
Holding Company Bank Ownership– The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”) requires all bank holding companies to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before: (1) acquiring, directly or indirectly, ownership or control of any voting shares of another bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, it would own or control more than 5% of such shares; (2) acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company; or (3) merging or consolidating with another bank or bank holding company.
Holding Company Control of Nonbanks– With some exceptions, the BHCA prohibits bank holding companies from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company. It also prohibits bank holding companies from engaging in activities other than banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for its subsidiary. Exceptions to these prohibitions involve certain non-bank activities which, by statute or by Federal Reserve regulation or order, have been identified as activities closely related to the business of banking or of managing or controlling banks. In making this determination, the Federal Reserve considers whether the performance of such activities by a bank holding company can be expected to produce benefits to the public such as greater convenience, increased competition, or gains in the efficient use of resources, which can be expected to outweigh the risks of possible adverse effects such as decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest, or unsound banking practices. The Economic Growth and Regulatory Reduction Act of 1996 amended the BHCA to eliminate the requirement that bank holding companies seek prior Federal Reserve approval before engaging in certain permissible non-banking activities if the holding company is well capitalized and meets certain other specific criteria.
Transactions with Affiliates– Subsidiary banks of a bank holding company are subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to the holding company or its subsidiaries, on investments in their securities, and on the use of their securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. These regulations and restrictions may limit our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiary for our cash needs, including funds for payment of dividends, interest and operational expenses.
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Tying Arrangements– Under the Federal Reserve Act and certain regulations of the Federal Reserve, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tying arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, lease or sale of property, or furnishing of services. For example, we generally may not require a customer to obtain other services from us, and we may not require that the customer promise not to obtain other services from a competitor as a condition to an extension of credit to the customer.
Federal and State Bank Regulation
General– Our subsidiary, CRB, is an Oregon state-chartered bank with deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), and is subject to the supervision and regulation of the Oregon Division of Finance and Corporate Securities and the FDIC. We are also subject to the supervision and regulation of the Washington Department of Financial Institutions. These agencies have the authority to prohibit banks from engaging in what they believe constitute unsafe or unsound banking practices. Oregon’s Division of Finance and Corporate Securities and the FDIC conduct alternating annual examinations of our safe and sound banking practices.
Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”)– CRA requires that, in connection with examinations of financial institutions within their jurisdiction, the Federal Reserve or the FDIC evaluate the records of financial institutions in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those banks. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility.
Insider Credit Transactions– Banks are also subject to certain restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders or any related interests of such persons. Extensions of credit: (1) must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not covered above and who are not employees; and (2) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Banks are also subject to certain lending limits and restrictions on overdrafts to such persons. A violation of these restrictions may result in the assessment of substantial civil monetary penalties on the affected bank or any officer, director, employee, agent or other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of that bank and the imposition of a cease and desist order and other regulatory sanctions.
FDICIA– Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (“FDICIA”), each federal banking agency has prescribed, by regulation, safety and soundness standards for institutions under its authority. These standards cover internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, as well as operational and managerial standards the agency measures; asset quality, earnings, interest rate sensitivity, liquidity, management and capital. An institution which fails to meet these standards must develop a plan acceptable to the agency, specifying the steps that the institution will take to meet the standards. Failure to submit or implement such a plan may subject the institution to regulatory sanctions.
Interstate Banking and Branching
The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (“Interstate Act”) permits nationwide interstate banking and branching under certain circumstances. This legislation generally authorizes interstate branching and relaxes federal law restrictions on interstate banking. Currently, financial holding companies may purchase banks in any state, and states may not prohibit such purchases. In addition, banks are permitted to merge with banks in other states as long as the home state of neither merging bank has not opted out. The Interstate Act requires regulators to consult with community organizations before permitting an interstate institution to close a branch in a low-income area.
Under recent FDIC regulations, banks are prohibited from using their interstate branches primarily for deposit production. The FDIC has accordingly implemented a loan-to-deposit ratio screen to ensure compliance with this prohibition.
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Oregon and Washington each enacted “opting in” legislation in accordance with the Interstate Act provisions allowing banks to engage in interstate merger transactions subject to certain “aging” requirements. In both states, branches may not be acquired or opened separately in the home state by an out-of-state bank, but once an out-of-state bank has acquired a bank within the state, either through merger or acquisition of all or substantially all of the bank’s assets, the out-of-state bank may open additional branches within the home state. In 1996, Columbia River Bank, an Oregon state-chartered bank, acquired Klickitat Valley Bank, a Washington state-chartered bank, which allowed us to open additional branches in Washington.
Deposit Insurance
Our deposits are currently insured to at least $100,000 per depositor, or $250,000 for certain individual retirement accounts, through the Deposit Insurance Fund administered by the FDIC. We are required to pay semi-annual deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC.
The FDICIA included provisions to reform the Federal Deposit Insurance System, including the implementation of risk-based deposit insurance premiums. The FDICIA also permits the FDIC to make special assessments on insured depository institutions in amounts determined by the FDIC to be necessary to give it adequate assessment income to repay amounts borrowed from the U.S. Treasury and other sources, or for any other purpose the FDIC deems necessary. The FDIC has implemented a risk-based insurance premium system under which banks are assessed insurance premiums based on risk. Banks with higher levels of capital and a low degree of supervisory concern are assessed lower premiums than banks with lower levels of capital or a higher degree of supervisory concern.
Dividends
The principal source of Columbia’s cash revenues is dividends received from our subsidiary, Columbia River Bank. Dividend payments are subject to government regulation that may prohibit banks and financial holding companies from paying dividends that constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. In addition, a bank may not pay cash dividends if that payment could reduce the amount of its capital below the minimum applicable regulatory capital requirements. Under the Oregon Bank Act, the Oregon Director of Banks may suspend the payment of dividends if it is determined that the payment would cause a bank’s remaining shareholders’ equity to be inadequate for the safe and sound operation of the bank. Other than the laws and regulations noted above, which apply to all banks and financial holding companies, we are not currently subject to any regulatory restrictions on the payments of dividends.
Capital Adequacy
Federal bank regulatory agencies use capital adequacy guidelines in the examination and regulation of financial holding companies and banks. If capital falls below minimum guideline levels, the holding company or bank may be denied approval to acquire or establish additional banks or nonbank businesses or to open new facilities.
The FDIC and Federal Reserve use risk-based capital guidelines for banks and financial holding companies. These are designed to make such capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and financial holding companies, to account for off-balance sheet exposure, and to minimize disincentives for holding liquid assets. Assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items. The guidelines are minimums, and the Federal Reserve has noted that financial holding companies contemplating significant expansion programs should not allow expansion to diminish their capital ratios and should maintain ratios well in excess of the minimum. The current guidelines require all financial holding companies and federally regulated banks to maintain a minimum risk-based total capital ratio equal to 8%, of which at least 4% must be Tier I capital. Columbia Bancorp and Columbia River Bank maintain capital ratios well in excess of the minimum requirements and we expect to remain well above the minimums.
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Tier I capital for financial holding companies includes: (1) common shareholders’ equity; (2) qualifying perpetual preferred stock (up to 25% of total Tier I capital, if cumulative, although under a Federal Reserve Rule, redeemable perpetual preferred stock may not be counted as Tier I capital unless the redemption is subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve); (3) minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles; and (4) qualifying trust preferred securities. Tier II capital includes: (1) the allowance for loan losses of up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets; (2) any qualifying perpetual preferred stock which exceeds the amount which may be included in Tier I capital; (3) hybrid capital instruments; (4) perpetual debt; (5) mandatory convertible securities; and (6) subordinated debt and intermediate term preferred stock of up to 50% of Tier I capital. Total capital is the sum of Tier I and Tier II capital, less reciprocal holdings of other banking organizations, capital instruments, and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries.
Bank and financial holding company assets are assigned risk-weights of 0%, 20%, 50%, 100% and in some cases 200%. In addition, certain off-balance sheet items are given credit conversion factors to convert them to asset equivalent amounts to which an appropriate risk-weight will apply. These computations result in total risk-weighted assets.
Most loans are assigned to the 100% risk category, except for first mortgage loans fully secured by residential property, which carry a 50% rating. Most investment securities are assigned to the 20% category, except for municipal or state revenue bonds which have a 50% risk-weight, and direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States Treasury or certain agencies of the federal government which have 0% risk-weight. In converting off-balance sheet items, direct credit substitutes, including general guarantees and standby letters of credit backing financial obligations, are given a 100% conversion factor. Transaction related contingencies such as bid bonds, other standby letters of credit and undrawn commitments, including commercial credit lines with an initial maturity of more than one year, have a 50% conversion factor. Short-term, self-liquidating trade contingencies are converted at 20% and short-term commitments have a 0% factor.
The Federal Reserve also uses a leverage ratio, which is Tier I capital as a percentage of total assets less intangibles, to be used as a supplement to risk-based guidelines. The principal objective of the leverage ratio is to constrain the maximum degree to which a financial holding company may leverage its equity capital base. The Federal Reserve requires a minimum leverage ratio of 4% to be considered adequately capitalized.
The FDICIA created a statutory framework of supervisory actions indexed to the capital level of the individual institution. Under regulations adopted by the FDIC, an institution is assigned to one of five capital categories depending on its total risk-based capital ratio, Tier I risk-based capital ratio and leverage ratio, together with certain subjective factors. Institutions which are deemed to be “undercapitalized,” depending on the category to which they are assigned, are subject to certain mandatory supervisory corrective actions.
Effects of Government Monetary Policy
Our earnings and growth are affected by general economic conditions and by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve implements national monetary policy to curb inflation and avoid economic recessions. The Federal Reserve’s open market operations in U.S. government securities, control of the discount rate applicable to borrowings from the Federal Reserve, and establishment of reserve requirements against certain deposits influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and also affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. The nature and impact of future changes in monetary policies and their impact on us cannot be predicted with certainty.
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) establishes a comprehensive framework to modernize and reform the oversight of public company auditing, improves quality and transparency in financial reporting by those companies and strengthens the independence of auditors. Sarbanes-Oxley also created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), a regulatory body supervised by the SEC with broad powers to set auditing, quality controls and ethics standards for accounting firms that audit public companies. We continue to incur significant costs to ensure proper compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley.
Changes in Banking Laws and Regulations
Laws and regulations affecting banks and financial holding companies undergo frequent and significant changes at federal and state levels. Federal legislation is sometimes introduced that includes proposals to alter the structure, regulation, and competitive relationships of the nation’s financial institutions. Any changes in laws and regulations could have the effect of increasing or decreasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities (including activities in the insurance and securities fields), or affecting the competitive balance among banks, savings associations and other financial institutions. Such changes could also reduce the extent of federal deposit insurance, broaden the powers or the geographical range of operations of financial holding companies, alter the extent to which banks can engage in securities activities, alter the taxation of banks, financial holding companies and other financial services organizations and change the structure and jurisdiction of various financial institution regulatory agencies. We cannot anticipate or predict specific ongoing changes in laws and regulations or the extent to which they might affect our business.
Employees
As of February 20, 2008, we had 428 employees, or approximately 408 full-time equivalent employees (“FTE”). As of December 31, 2007, we had 386 FTE compared to 362 FTE as of December 31, 2006. No employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our employee relationships to be good.
Directors and Executive Officers
Information about our executive officers and Board of Directors is set forth in “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” in Item 10, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Website Access to Reports
All periodic and current reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our website address is www.columbiabancorp.com. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this report or into our other filings with the SEC.
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ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS
Our past experience may not be indicative of future performance, and as noted elsewhere in this report, we have included forward-looking statements about our business, plans and prospects that are subject to change. Forward-looking statements are particularly located in, but not limited to, the sections “Description of Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” In addition to the other risks or uncertainties contained in this report, the following risks may affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. If any of these risks occur, either alone or in combination with other factors, our business, financial condition or operating results could be adversely affected. Moreover, readers should note this is not an exhaustive list of the risks we face; some risks are unknown or not quantifiable, and other risks that we currently perceive as immaterial may ultimately prove more significant than expected. Statements about plans, predictions or expectations should not be construed to be assurances of performance or promises to take a given course of action.
Real Estate Loan Concentrations– Approximately 76% of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate collateral, including 34% concentrated in construction, land development and land loans and 28% concentrated in commercial real estate loans. In 2007, the banking industry faced significant economic challenges as a result of the subprime mortgage fallout. Over the last several years, subprime mortgage loans (loans offered to borrowers with weakened credit histories) contributed to residential real estate growth. Due to growing concerns about the underlying quality of these loans, funding for these loans rapidly dissipated during 2007. The resulting slowdown in residential real estate markets has led to lower demand for real estate construction and development loans. In some instances, the slowdown has stressed our borrowers’ ability to perform on loans. If these effects continue or become more pronounced, loan losses may increase and our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Adequacy of Loan Loss Allowance –We have established a reserve for probable losses we expect in connection with loans in our loan portfolio. This allowance reflects our estimates of the collectibility of certain identified loans, as well as an overall risk assessment of total loans outstanding. Our determination of the amount of loan loss allowance is subjective; although we apply criteria such as risk ratings and historical loss rates, these factors may not be adequate predictors of future loan performance. Accordingly, we cannot offer assurances that these estimates ultimately will prove correct or that the allowance for loan losses will be sufficient to protect against losses that ultimately may occur. Moreover, bank regulators frequently monitor banks’ loan loss allowances, and if regulators were to determine that the allowance is inadequate, they may require us to increase the allowance, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Growth Management– Our financial performance and profitability will depend on our ability to manage our branch expansion and potential future acquisitions. We expend significant resources to open new branches including construction of branch buildings or commitments on leased property and hiring of new employees to staff the branch as well as new administrative employees to support branch operations. Growth through acquisition of other banks is subject to other risks such as our inability to effectively integrate the other bank’s branches, customers and employees into our operational structure and company culture. Overall, expansion of our branch network and any potential future acquisitions may present operating and other problems that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to execute our growth strategy or maintain the level of profitability that we have achieved in the past.
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Changes in Market Interest Rates –Our earnings are impacted by changing interest rates. Changes in interest rates affect the demand for new loans, the credit profile of existing loans, rates received on loans and securities, and rates paid on deposits and borrowings. The difference between the rates received on loans and securities and the rates paid on deposits and borrowings is known as the net interest spread. Based on our current volume and mix of interest bearing liabilities and interest earning assets, net interest spread could generally be expected to increase during times when interest rates rise and, conversely, to decline during times of falling interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk is managed by monitoring the re-pricing frequency of our rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities over any given period. Although we believe the current level of interest rate sensitivity is reasonable, significant fluctuations in interest rates could potentially have an adverse affect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Liquidity– We are subject to the risk of daily volatility in our liquidity. Liquidity measures our ability to meet loan demand and deposit withdrawals and to service liabilities as they come due. Dramatic fluctuations in deposit balances make it difficult to manage liquidity. A sharp reduction in deposits could force us to borrow heavily in the wholesale liability market. In addition, rapid loan growth during periods of little or no liquidity may force us to decline loans, utilize wholesale liabilities or raise deposit interest rates. Wholesale liabilities include all funding sources obtained outside the retail branch network and consist of borrowings from correspondent banks, advances from Federal Home Loan Bank and out-of-market deposits. Because interest rates on wholesale liabilities generally exceed interest rates on retail deposits, our results of operations may be adversely affected by an increase in wholesale liabilities.
Geographic Concentration –Substantially all of our business is derived from a twelve–county area in northern and central Oregon and southern and central Washington. The communities we serve typically have population bases of 20,000 to 250,000, and have traditionally created employment opportunities in the areas of agriculture, timber, electrical power generation, light manufacturing, construction and transportation. While we have built our expansion strategy around these growing and diverse geographic markets, our business is and will remain sensitive to economic factors that relate to these industries and local and regional business conditions. As a result, local or regional economic downturns, or downturns that disproportionately affect one or more of the key industries in regions we serve, may have a more pronounced effect upon our business than they might on an institution that is more broadly diverse in geographic concentration. The extent of the future impact of these events on economic and business conditions cannot be predicted; however, prolonged or acute fluctuations could have a material and adverse impact upon our results of operation and financial condition.
Regulation –We are subject to government regulation that could limit or restrict our activities, which in turn could adversely impact our operations. The financial services industry is regulated extensively. Federal and state regulation is designed primarily to protect depositors, borrowers and shareholders. These regulations can sometimes impose significant limitations on our operations. Moreover, federal and state banking laws and regulations undergo frequent and often significant changes. Changes in laws and regulations may affect our cost of doing business, limit our permissible activities (including insurance and securities activities), or our competitive position in relation to credit unions, savings associations and other financial institutions. These changes could also reduce federal deposit insurance coverage, broaden the powers or geographic range of financial holding companies, alter the taxation of financial institutions and change the structure and jurisdiction of various regulatory agencies.
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Federal monetary policy, particularly as implemented through the Federal Reserve System, can significantly affect credit availability. Other federal legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can dramatically shift resources and costs to ensure adequate compliance. Overall, the effect of laws and regulations may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We pay income taxes based on federal and state legislation and regulations. We provide for current and deferred taxes in our financial statements based on our results of operations, business activity, legal structure, interpretation of tax statutes, and estimates of future tax rates. We may take filing positions or follow tax strategies that may be subject to challenge. Our net income and earnings per share may be reduced if a federal, state, or local authority assessed charges for taxes that have not been provided for in our financial statements. There can be no assurance that we will achieve our effective tax rate or that taxing authorities will not change tax legislation, challenge filing positions, or assess taxes, penalties, and interest charges.
Nasdaq Listing Qualifications— Under applicable Nasdaq rules, a company listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market must obtain shareholder approval prior to entry into an equity compensation arrangement with its officer and/or directors. We inadvertently issued equity compensation in excess of the number of shares authorized under the Columbia Bancorp 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended in 2002. We notified Nasdaq of this violation and Nasdaq has made a preliminary indication that it will not delist our securities from the Nasdaq Global Select Market at this time, but instead will be issuing a letter of reprimand to Columbia. As a condition to this letter of reprimand, our officers and directors have conditionally waived their right to vested and unvested restricted stock and waived their right to exercise options granted in excess of those approved under the Plan pending a favorable vote of Columbia’s shareholders at the annual meeting to be held on April 24, 2008 to increase the number of shares subject to our equity compensation plan, including ratification of the excess issuances. No definitive determination has been made by Nasdaq at this time. Were we to fail in any material respect to comply with this or other Nasdaq rules in the future, Nasdaq may impose more negative sanctions against us, including trading halts and delisting procedures with respect to our common stock. A delisting from Nasdaq, if it were to occur, could materially impair the liquidity of our securities and could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
Competition –Competition may adversely affect our performance. The financial services business in our market areas is highly competitive. It is becoming increasingly competitive due to changes in regulation, technological advances, and the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial services providers. We face competition both in attracting deposits and in originating loans. We compete for loans principally based on the efficiency and quality of our service and also based on pricing of interest rates and loan fees. Increasing levels of competition in the banking and financial services industries may reduce our market share or cause the prices charged for our services to fall. Our results may differ in future periods depending upon the nature or level of competition.
Credit Risk –A source of risk arises from the possibility that losses will be sustained if a significant number of our borrowers, guarantors and related parties fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans. We have adopted underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and credit policies, including the establishment and review of the allowance for credit losses, which we believe are appropriate to minimize this risk by assessing the likelihood of nonperformance, tracking loan performance and diversifying our credit portfolio. These policies and procedures, however, may not prevent unexpected losses may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Loans with variable interest rates comprise approximately 85% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2007. If interest rates increase, variable rate loan payments will increase and our borrowers may have difficulty making payments as they come due. This increase in credit risk may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
We had no unresolved staff comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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ITEM 2 PROPERTIES
We had a network of 22 full-service branches as of December 31, 2007. We own 13 of our 22 branch properties free of encumbrances. All of our branches, except our Lake Oswego, Vancouver, Yakima and Sunnyside branches, have drive-up facilities. Our CRB Mortgage Team operates from the second floor of our Bend branch: 1701 NE Third Street.
A summary of our branch facilities follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Year | | |
| | | | Square | | Opened or | | Occupancy |
City and County | | Address | | Feet | | Acquired | | Status |
Oregon Branches | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The Dalles (Main) Wasco County | | 316 East Third Street | | 11,441 | | 1977 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
The Dalles (Cherry Heights) Wasco County | | 500 Cherry Heights Rd | | 1,800 | | 2006 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Hood River Branch Hood River County | | 2650 Cascade Avenue | | 6,875 | | 1993 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Madras Branch Jefferson County | | 624 SW Fourth Street | | 7,660 | | 1995 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Redmond Branch Deschutes County | | 434 North Fifth Street | | 5,900 | | 1995 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
South Redmond Branch Deschutes County | | 1502 SW Odem Medo Rd | | 5,078 | | 2004 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Bend Branch Deschutes County | | 1701 NE Third Street | | 8,306 | | 1996 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Shevlin Center Branch(1) Deschutes County | | 925 SW Emkay Drive | | 15,000 | | 1999 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Wall Street Branch Deschutes County | | 1133 Wall Street | | 12,421 | | 2004 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Hermiston Branch Umatilla County | | 1033 South Highway 395 | | 4,700 | | 1998 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Pendleton Branch Umatilla County | | 2101 SW Court Place | | 4,700 | | 1999 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
McMinnville Branch(1) Yamhill County | | 723 N Baker | | 9,893 | | 1998 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Canby Branch Clackamas County | | 223 NE 2nd Street | | 3,615 | | 2001 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Newberg Branch Yamhill County | | 901 N Brutscher St, Ste A | | 3,900 | | 1999 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Lake Oswego Clackamas County | | 5665 SW Meadows Rd. | | 3,466 | | 2006 | | Leased |
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| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Year | | |
| | | | Square | | Opened or | | Occupancy |
City and County | | Address | | Feet | | Acquired | | Status |
Washington Branches | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
White Salmon Branch Klickitat County | | 390 NE Tohomish Street | | 5,500 | | 1996 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Goldendale Branch Klickitat County | | 202 West Main Street | | 6,105 | | 1996 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Meadow Springs Branch Benton County | | 139 Gage | | 10,000 | | 2006 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Pasco Branch Franklin County | | 4725 Road 68 | | 3,700 | | 2006 | | Owned |
| | | | | | | | |
Yakima Branch | | 501 W. Lincoln Ave, | | | | | | |
Yakima County | | Ste B | | 2,341 | | 2006 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Sunnyside Branch | | 2640 Yakima Valley Hwy, | | | | | | |
Yakima County | | Ste 3 | | 1,653 | | 2006 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Vancouver Branch(2) | | 17800 SE Mill Plain Blvd., | | | | | | |
Clark County | | Ste 100 | | 408 | | 2007 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Other Facilities | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The Dalles Administration Wasco County, OR | | 401 E Third St, Suite 200 | | 22,199 | | 2002 | | Leased |
| | | | | | | | |
Vancouver Administration(2) | | 17800 SE Mill Plain Blvd., | | | | | | |
Clark County, WA | | Ste 100 | | 6,237 | | 2007 | | Leased |
| | |
(1) | | Branch operations are located on the first floor. The second floor is leased to other parties. |
|
(2) | | Vancouver, WA facility houses both temporary branch and administrative operations. |
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ITEM 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
During the normal course of our business, we are party to various debtor-creditor legal actions, which individually or in the aggregate, could be material to our business, operations or financial condition. These include cases filed as a plaintiff in collection and foreclosure cases, and the enforcement of creditors’ rights in bankruptcy proceedings. We are currently aware of two legal proceedings, detailed below.
Smith-Rattray Farms, et al., v. Columbia River Bank, et al.
Columbia Bancorp and Columbia River Bank were named as defendants in the United States District Court for the District of Oregon in a case captioned Smith-Rattray Farms, et al. v. Columbia River Bank, et al. The plaintiffs sought compensatory, punitive and other damages totaling approximately $48.40 million, as well as injunctive and other relief. At a judicial settlement conference on March 28, 2007, all parties to the case agreed to a confidential settlement. The settlement does not involve a payment from either Columbia Bancorp or Columbia River Bank to the plaintiffs that would have any material effect on Columbia Bancorp’s earnings. The parties to the case are continuing to implement the confidential settlement terms. As of the filing date of this report, Management believes the implementation will not involve any payment from either Columbia Bancorp or Columbia River Bank that would have any material effect on Columbia Bancorp’s earnings.
J.R. Simplot Company v. Smith-Rattray Farms, LLC, et al.
Columbia River Bank (incorrectly identified in the pleadings as Columbia Bancorp dba Columbia River Bank) is named as a defendant in J.R. Simplot Company v. Smith-Rattray Farms, LLC, et al., Case No. 07-2-50218-4, in Franklin County Superior Court in Washington. This case is a lien foreclosure action filed by J.R. Simplot Company to foreclose its agricultural services lien on the potatoes grown by Smith-Rattray Farms LLC, a borrower of Columbia River Bank. Defendant Smith-Rattray Farms LLC (and another entity owned by the same principals, Blue Ridge Seed, LLC) filed cross-claims against the Bank. The cross-claims allege that the Bank has a duty to indemnify Smith-Rattray Farms LLC and Blue Ridge Seed, LLC for all amounts sought by J.R. Simplot Company and another lien creditor named as a defendant, Mountain Oil, LLC, as a result of the settlement of Smith-Rattray Farms, et al. v. Columbia River Bank, et al. filed in the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. The Bank has tendered into the Court all the proceeds in its possession from the crop collateral at issue in the case, and denies that it is required to indemnify Smith-Rattray Farms LLC and/or Blue Ridge Seed, LLC. The case is still pending. As of the filing date of this report, Management believes the resolution of this dispute is not likely to have a material adverse impact on Columbia’s results of operations.
ITEM 4 SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of securities holders of Columbia during the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
PART II
ITEM 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Columbia Bancorp’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “CBBO.” Trading of our stock on Nasdaq commenced on November 6, 1998. High and low trading prices per share of our common stock for 2007 and 2006 are presented in the table below. All prices have been adjusted for subsequent stock splits and dividends. Prices do not include retail markups, markdowns, or commissions and may not represent actual transactions.
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We declared and paid quarterly cash dividends per share of common stock as presented below. Our principal source of cash for stockholder dividends is dividends paid by our wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Columbia River Bank. Federal and state banking laws and regulations impose strict limitations upon a bank’s ability to pay dividends, including requirements to comply with minimum capital requirements and other bank safety and soundness criteria. To the extent our subsidiary fails to comply with these requirements, it will be unable to pay dividends to Columbia Bancorp, which will materially restrict the ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.
As of February 20, 2008, we had 10,048,220 shares issued and outstanding of no par value common stock, which were held by 778 shareholders of record.
Table 1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | Stock Trading Range | | | Cash Dividend | | | Stock Trading Range | | | Cash Dividend | |
| | High | | | Low | | | Declared | | | High | | | Low | | | Declared | |
First Quarter | | $ | 25.29 | | | $ | 22.86 | | | $ | 0.10 | | | $ | 23.88 | | | $ | 20.06 | | | $ | 0.09 | |
Second Quarter | | | 24.21 | | | | 19.28 | | | | 0.10 | | | | 27.45 | | | | 21.80 | | | | 0.10 | |
Third Quarter | | | 21.99 | | | | 17.62 | | | | 0.10 | | | | 26.00 | | | | 22.34 | | | | 0.10 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 19.72 | | | | 16.31 | | | | 0.10 | | | | 28.05 | | | | 23.43 | | | | 0.10 | |
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
The following table presents information about securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Number of securities |
| | | | | | | | | | remaining available for |
| | Number of securities to be | | Weighted-average | | future issuance under |
| | issued upon exercise of | | exercise price of | | equity compensation plans |
| | outstanding options, | | outstanding options, | | (excluding securities |
| | warrants and rights | | warrants and rights | | reflected in column(a)) |
Table 2 | | (a) | | (b) | | (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(1) | | | 444,594 | | | $ | 11.96 | | | | — | |
(1) | | On February 22, 2008, Columbia notified the Listing Qualifications department of The Nasdaq Stock Market Inc. that during a review of its corporate, securities and compliance issues it discovered evidence that may suggest that Columbia is presently not in compliance with NASD Rule 4350(i)(1)(A), which requires that listed companies obtain shareholder approval prior to entry into an equity compensation arrangement with its officers and/or directors. Specifically, Columbia inadvertently issued equity compensation in excess of the number of shares authorized under the Columbia Bancorp 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended in 2002 (the “Plan”). Columbia notified The Nasdaq Stock Market of this violation and the Nasdaq has made a preliminary indication that it will not delist our securities from the Nasdaq Global Select Market at this time, but instead will be issuing a letter of reprimand to Columbia, which among other things will require that the officers and directors of Columbia have waived their right to vested and unvested restricted stock and to exercise options granted in excess of those approved under the Plan pending a vote of Columbia’s stockholders at the annual meeting to be held on April 24, 2008, on the approval of the excess shares that were granted. If shareholder approval is not obtained, the officers and directors will be deemed to have relinquished any right they have in such vested and unvested restricted stock and options. |
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Performance Graph
The following graph compares the yearly percentage change in the cumulative shareholder return on Columbia’s common stock during the five years ended December 31, 2007, with: (1) the All Nasdaq U.S. Stocks Index as reported by the Center for Research in Security Prices; and (2) the Nasdaq Bank Index as reported by the Center for Research in Security Prices. This comparison assumes that: (1) on December 31, 2002 $100.00 was invested in Columbia’s common stock; (2) that all cash dividends were reinvested prior to any tax effect; and (3) that all shares issued pursuant to stock dividends and splits were retained.
COLUMBIA BANCORP
TOTAL CUMULATIVE SHAREHOLDERS RETURN FOR
THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
Sales of Unregistered Securities
We had no sales of unregistered securities during the fourth quarter of 2007.
Purchases of Equity Securities
See “Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Capital” under Item 7 of this report.
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ITEM 6 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected information about our consolidated financial condition, operating results, and key operating ratios as of the dates and for the periods indicated. This information does not purport to be complete, and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes.
Table 3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of and for the Years Ended December 31, | |
(dollars in thousands except per share data) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Income Statement Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 79,524 | | | $ | 70,674 | | | $ | 53,589 | | | $ | 42,708 | | | $ | 38,230 | |
Interest expense | | | 26,508 | | | | 18,002 | | | | 11,302 | | | | 7,328 | | | | 6,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | | 53,016 | | | | 52,672 | | | | 42,287 | | | | 35,380 | | | | 31,399 | |
Loan loss provision | | | 4,740 | | | | 2,900 | | | | 3,115 | | | | 2,760 | | | | 2,575 | |
Net income | | | 14,482 | | | | 15,775 | | | | 13,670 | | | | 10,735 | | | | 9,834 | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment securities | | $ | 34,182 | | | $ | 37,704 | | | $ | 36,780 | | | $ | 45,398 | | | $ | 31,682 | |
Total loans, net | | | 866,830 | | | | 801,871 | | | | 677,686 | | | | 574,125 | | | | 464,350 | |
Total assets | | | 1,042,708 | | | | 1,033,188 | | | | 841,239 | | | | 715,373 | | | | 584,136 | |
Total deposits | | | 922,893 | | | | 859,065 | | | | 707,822 | | | | 606,944 | | | | 496,358 | |
Notes payable | | | 6,278 | | | | 70,014 | | | | 45,691 | | | | 34,889 | | | | 21,983 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 102,238 | | | | 91,018 | | | | 77,492 | | | | 65,877 | | | | 57,804 | |
Per Share Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per common share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per common share(1) | | $ | 1.45 | | | $ | 1.60 | | | $ | 1.39 | | | $ | 1.11 | | | $ | 1.03 | |
Diluted earnings per common share(1) | | | 1.42 | | | | 1.55 | | | | 1.36 | | | | 1.08 | | | | 0.99 | |
Cash dividends declared per common share(1) | | | 0.40 | | | | 0.39 | | | | 0.33 | | | | 0.32 | | | | 0.28 | |
Book value per common share (1) | | | 10.18 | | | | 9.12 | | | | 7.86 | | | | 6.78 | | | | 6.01 | |
Capital Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier I capital ratio(2) | | | 10.51 | % | | | 10.11 | % | | | 9.70 | % | | | 9.80 | % | | | 10.46 | % |
Total risk-based capital ratio(3) | | | 11.76 | | | | 11.36 | | | | 10.95 | | | | 11.05 | | | | 11.71 | |
Leverage ratio (4) | | | 9.75 | | | | 8.54 | | | | 9.77 | | | | 8.74 | | | | 9.19 | |
Financial Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average assets | | | 1.43 | % | | | 1.79 | % | | | 1.77 | % | | | 1.64 | % | | | 1.71 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 14.96 | | | | 18.72 | | | | 19.01 | | | | 17.50 | | | | 18.25 | |
| | |
(1) | | Prior periods have been adjusted to reflect 10% stock dividend effective December 29, 2005 |
|
(2) | | Tier I capital divided by risk-weighted assets. |
|
(3) | | Total regulatory capital divided by risk-weighted assets. |
|
(4) | | Tier I capital divided by average total assets. |
23
ITEM 7 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section contains forward-looking statements and should be read after considering “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this document, as well as the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this document. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, included elsewhere in this report.
Critical Accounting Estimates
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as disclosures included elsewhere in this Form 10-K, are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the estimates used, including the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, impairment of intangible assets, contingencies and litigation. Estimates are based upon historical experience, current economic conditions and other factors that we consider reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates result in judgments regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily available from other sources as well as assessing and identifying the accounting treatments of commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The following critical accounting policies involve the more significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
The allowance for loan losses represents an estimate of probable losses associated with our loan portfolio and deposit account overdrafts. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the adequacy of the allowance based on numerous factors. These factors include the quality of the current loan portfolio, the trend in the loan portfolio’s risk ratings, current economic conditions, loan concentrations, loan growth rates, past-due and non-performing loan trends, evaluation of specific loss estimates for all significant problem loans, historical charge-off and recovery experience and other pertinent information. Approximately 76% of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate collateral. In 2007, real estate values in parts of Oregon and Washington started to decline based on current appraisals. This contributed to an increase in the allowance for loan losses and recognition of additional loan loss provision during the second half of 2007. Further increases in the allowance for loan losses may result during 2008 if real estate values continue to decline.
As of December 31, 2007, our goodwill totaled $7.39 million as a result of business combinations. We follow Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142 that requires us to evaluate goodwill for impairment not less than annually and to write down the goodwill if the business unit associated with the goodwill cannot sustain the value attributed to it. Our evaluation of the fair value of goodwill involves a substantial amount of judgment. No impairment of goodwill has been identified during the initial and subsequent annual assessments.
Overview
Columbia Bancorp (“Columbia”) is a financial holding company organized in 1996 under Oregon Law. Columbia’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Columbia River Bank (“CRB,” the “Bank”), is an Oregon state-chartered bank, headquartered in The Dalles, Oregon, through which substantially all business is conducted. CRB offers a broad range of services to its customers, primarily small and medium sized businesses and individuals.
We have a network of 22 full-service branches throughout Oregon and Washington. In Oregon, we operate 15 branches that serve the northern and eastern Oregon communities of The Dalles, Hood River, Pendleton and Hermiston, the central Oregon communities of Madras, Redmond, and Bend, and the Willamette Valley communities of McMinnville, Canby, Lake Oswego and Newberg. In Washington, we operate 7 branches that serve the communities of Goldendale, White Salmon, Pasco, Yakima, Sunnyside, Richland and Vancouver.
24
Our goal is to grow our earning assets while maintaining a high return on equity and high asset quality. We work to achieve this goal by emphasizing personalized, value-added banking products and services for our customers; by hiring and retaining high performing, experienced branch and administrative personnel; and by responding quickly to customer demand and growth opportunities. We intend to increase penetration in our existing markets and expand into new markets through suitable acquisitions and new branch openings.
The following table presents an overview of our key financial performance indicators as of and for the years ended December 31:
Table 4
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands except per share data) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 |
Total assets | | $ | 1,042,708 | | | $ | 1,033,188 | | | $ | 841,239 | |
Total loans, gross(1) | | | 879,064 | | | | 813,443 | | | | 688,724 | |
Total deposits | | | 922,893 | | | | 859,065 | | | | 707,822 | |
Net income | | | 14,482 | | | | 15,775 | | | | 13,670 | |
Earnings per diluted common share | | | 1.42 | | | | 1.55 | | | | 1.36 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average assets | | | 1.43 | % | | | 1.79 | % | | | 1.77 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 14.96 | % | | | 18.72 | % | | | 19.01 | % |
Average equity to average assets ratio | | | 9.55 | % | | | 9.56 | % | | | 9.32 | % |
Net interest margin, tax equivalent basis | | | 5.61 | % | | | 6.44 | % | | | 5.95 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 56.49 | % | | | 55.00 | % | | | 53.67 | % |
Cash dividend payout ratio | | | 27.71 | % | | | 24.56 | % | | | 24.12 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Loans include portfolio and loans held-for-sale and exclude allowance for loan losses and unearned loan fees. |
Financial Highlights
2007 compared to 2006
| • | | Demand for real estate construction and development loans during the first half of 2007 contributed to gross loan growth of 8%. |
|
| • | | Deposits grew 7% primarily due to promotionally priced certificate of deposit offerings and higher wholesale deposit borrowings. |
|
| • | | Net interest income increased 1% primarily due to the net effect of volume increases in loans and time deposits. Net interest margin decreased from 6.44% to 5.61% as a result of Fed Funds rate cuts, promotionally priced deposit products and an increase in wholesale borrowings. |
|
| • | | Provision for loan losses increased 63% to provide for the effect of an agricultural loan charge-off during the first half of 2007 and for the real estate downturn that began during the second half of 2007. |
|
| • | | Occupancy expense increased 21% due to the opening of a joint branch and administration facility in Vancouver, Washington and due to a full year of expenses associated with branches opened during 2006. |
|
| • | | Other non-interest expense increased 13% due to legal and other costs associated with a charged-off agricultural loan, as well as higher software licensing expense and consulting fees. |
25
2006 compared to 2005
| • | | New branches in Richland, Pasco, Yakima and Sunnyside, Washington contributed $45.95 million in loan growth and $43.17 million in deposit growth, as well as increases in net interest income and non-interest expenses. |
|
| • | | Loan growth of 18% from our new and existing branches, combined with Federal Reserve interest rate increases, increased loan interest income 33%. |
|
| • | | Net interest margin increased from 5.95% to 6.44% due to the effect of rising interest rates. The positive effect of rising interest rates on our variable rate loan portfolio outpaced the negative effect from our borrowings and deposit accounts. |
|
| • | | Salaries and benefits increased 24% primarily due to employees hired to staff new branch and administrative positions, annual merit increases and market salary adjustments. |
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2005 includes the effects of the following items:
| • | | State of Oregon corporate kicker tax benefit of $328,250 contributed earnings of $0.03 per diluted share. |
|
| • | | Gain from sale of the mortgage servicing asset of $560,588 contributed earnings of $0.04 per diluted share, net of income tax. |
|
| • | | Collection of $336,000 in non-accrual interest associated with 2004 contributed earnings of $0.02 per diluted share, net of income tax. |
Operational Highlights
During 2007, we realigned some of the roles of our executive management team and expanded the team to include new members. In late December 2006, Christine Herb was hired as Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer. In January 2007, Bob Card was promoted to Executive Vice President and Director of Risk Management. In September 2007, we announced that Greg Spear would serve as Vice Chair and continue as Chief Financial Officer overseeing our finance, information technology, operations teams and our Vancouver expansion. We also announced that Staci Coburn was promoted to Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, as well as Principal Accounting Officer for Columbia Bancorp. In October 2007, Brian Devereux was hired as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Ms. Herb, Ms. Coburn and Mr. Devereux report to Mr. Spear. In November 2007, we hired Tamera Millington Bhatti as Corporate Vice President and Director of Human Resources. Britt Thomas, Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, resigned in October 2007. We expect to fill this position during the first quarter of 2008 as we finish the recruitment and interview process.
A key focus for 2007 was the enhancement and re-engineering of our administrative support teams, including: finance, information technology and operations. This focus followed a period of growth and expansion on the retail side of the bank over the last several years. These changes are designed to achieve more effective and efficient product and service delivery that will benefit our customers. In addition to these administrative changes, we realigned the reporting structure of our retail functions to streamline reporting relationships and focus our activities around growing low cost deposits.
In July 2007, we opened a new Vancouver, Washington facility that includes a temporary branch and space for administrative employees. We plan to complete construction of a permanent Vancouver branch location in late 2008. During 2007, we also started construction of permanent branch facilities in Yakima and Sunnyside, Washington to replace our current temporary facilities. We expect to complete construction of the permanent Yakima and Sunnyside branches during the second and third quarters of 2008.
26
Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, our primary source of operating income, is the difference between interest income and interest expense. Interest income is earned primarily from our loan and investment security portfolios. Interest expense results primarily from customer deposits and borrowings from other sources, including Federal Home Loan Bank advances, wholesale deposits and trust preferred securities. Like most financial institutions, our net interest income increases as we are able to charge higher interest rates on loans while paying relatively lower interest rates on deposits and other borrowings.
Average Balances and Average Rates Earned and Paid– The following table presents average balances of assets and liabilities, the related interest income or expense and the resulting average yield or rate:
Table 5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2007 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | | Interest | | | Average | | | | | | | Interest | | | Average | | | | | | | Interest | | | Average | |
| | Average | | | Income or | | | Yields or | | | Average | | | Income or | | | Yields or | | | Average | | | Income or | | | Yields or | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Balance | | | Expense | | | Rates | | | Balance | | | Expense | | | Rates | | | Balance | | | Expense | | | Rates | |
Interest earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans(1) | | $ | 859,483 | | | $ | 75,104 | | | | 8.74 | % | | $ | 744,067 | | | $ | 67,027 | | | | 9.01 | % | | $ | 623,656 | | | $ | 50,572 | | | | 8.11 | % |
Investment securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable securities | | | 22,839 | | | | 1,103 | | | | 4.83 | | | | 23,463 | | | | 993 | | | | 4.23 | | | | 23,921 | | | | 746 | | | | 3.12 | |
Nontaxable securities(2) | | | 10,530 | | | | 742 | | | | 7.05 | | | | 11,849 | | | | 844 | | | | 7.12 | | | | 12,941 | | | | 905 | | | | 6.99 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investment securities | | | 33,369 | | | | 1,845 | | | | 5.53 | | | | 35,312 | | | | 1,837 | | | | 5.20 | | | | 36,862 | | | | 1,651 | | | | 4.48 | |
Interest earning balances due from banks | | | 17,390 | | | | 849 | | | | 4.88 | | | | 14,563 | | | | 689 | | | | 4.73 | | | | 17,699 | | | | 496 | | | | 2.80 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 39,772 | | | | 1,985 | | | | 4.99 | | | | 28,394 | | | | 1,416 | | | | 4.99 | | | | 37,615 | | | | 1,177 | | | | 3.13 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest earning assets | | | 950,014 | | | | 79,783 | | | | 8.40 | | | | 822,336 | | | | 70,969 | | | | 8.63 | | | | 715,832 | | | | 53,896 | | | | 7.53 | |
Nonearning assets | | | 63,424 | | | | | | | | | | | | 58,745 | | | | | | | | | | | | 55,820 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,013,438 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 881,081 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 771,652 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing demand and savings accounts | | $ | 335,262 | | | $ | 8,842 | | | | 2.64 | % | | $ | 320,481 | | | $ | 6,931 | | | | 2.16 | % | | $ | 287,504 | | | $ | 4,051 | | | | 1.41 | % |
Time deposits and IRAs | | | 338,524 | | | | 16,616 | | | | 4.91 | | | | 219,084 | | | | 9,407 | | | | 4.29 | | | | 174,495 | | | | 5,893 | | | | 3.38 | |
Borrowed funds | | | 19,717 | | | | 1,050 | | | | 5.33 | | | | 33,746 | | | | 1,664 | | | | 4.93 | | | | 33,652 | | | | 1,358 | | | | 4.04 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest bearing liabilities | | | 693,503 | | | | 26,508 | | | | 3.82 | | | | 573,311 | | | | 18,002 | | | | 3.14 | | | | 495,651 | | | | 11,302 | | | | 2.28 | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | | 220,325 | | | | | | | | | | | | 219,526 | | | | | | | | | | | | 198,316 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | | | 913,828 | | | | | | | | | | | | 792,837 | | | | | | | | | | | | 693,967 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 2,820 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,986 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,766 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 916,648 | | | | | | | | | | | | 796,823 | | | | | | | | | | | | 699,733 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 96,790 | | | | | | | | | | | | 84,258 | | | | | | | | | | | | 71,919 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 1,013,438 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 881,081 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 771,652 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (tax equivalent) | | | | | | $ | 53,275 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 52,967 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 42,594 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (as reported) | | | | | | $ | 53,016 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 52,671 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 42,287 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average yield on average earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | 8.40 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 8.63 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 7.53 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense to average earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | 2.79 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.19 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 1.58 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest margin(3) | | | | | | | | | | | 5.61 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 6.44 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 5.95 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | | | | 4.58 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 5.49 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 5.25 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in the average balance. |
|
(2) | | Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis at a rate of 35% |
|
(3) | | Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income (taxable equivalent basis) by total average interest earning assets. |
Net interest margin (net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets) measures how well a bank manages the pricing and duration of its assets and liabilities. From 2006 to 2007, our tax equivalent net interest margin decreased from 6.44% to 5.61% primarily due to the following factors. First, loan yields decreased following three Fed Funds rate cuts since September 2007. Second, during the year we offered promotionally priced certificate of deposit and interest bearing deposit products to attract and retain deposit customers. Finally, we added wholesale deposits to support loan growth and minimize across-the-board rate increases in our retail deposit portfolio (see discussion of wholesale deposits under “Deposit” section below).
27
From 2005 to 2006, our tax equivalent net interest margin increased from 5.95% to 6.44% primarily due to the following factors. First, our asset sensitive balance sheet re-priced to higher interest rates as the Fed Funds rate increased during the first half of 2006. Second, we minimized increases in our deposit interest rates by employing a relationship pricing strategy. Finally, we selectively utilized wholesale liabilities during periods of slow deposit growth.
We expect our net interest margin will continue to trend lower due to two Fed Funds rate cuts in January 2008. Our balance sheet is asset sensitive, meaning that assets re-price, or adjust to market interest rates, more rapidly than liabilities. As a result, decreases in the Fed Funds rate negatively impact interest income as variable rate loans tied to the Prime Rate re-price (the Prime Rate has historically followed changes in the Fed Funds rate). Lower interest rates on our loans combined with the competitive deposit environment and lagging re-pricing of liabilities will contribute to decreases in net interest margin.
Changes in net interest income result from changes in volume and net interest spread. Volume refers to the dollar level of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Net interest spread refers to the difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the cost of interest bearing liabilities.
Analysis of Changes in Interest Differential– The following table presents increases in net interest income attributable to volume changes versus rate changes:
Table 6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 over 2006 | | | 2006 over 2005 | | | 2005 over 2004 | |
| | Increase (Decrease) due to | | | Increase (Decrease) due to | | | Increase (Decrease) due to | |
| | | | | | | | | | Net | | | | | | | | | | | Net | | | | | | | | | | | Net | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Volume | | | Rate | | | Change | | | Volume | | | Rate | | | Change | | | Volume | | | Rate | | | Change | |
Interest earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | $ | 10,412 | | | $ | (2,335 | ) | | $ | 8,077 | | | $ | 9,772 | | | $ | 6,683 | | | $ | 16,455 | | | $ | 5,971 | | | $ | 3,361 | | | $ | 9,332 | |
Investment securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable securities | | | (27 | ) | | | 137 | | | | 110 | | | | (14 | ) | | | 261 | | | | 247 | | | | 182 | | | | 129 | | | | 311 | |
Nontaxable securities | | | (60 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (66 | ) | | | (59 | ) | | | 10 | | | | (49 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | | 1 | | | | (19 | ) |
Balances due from banks | | | 134 | | | | 26 | | | | 160 | | | | (88 | ) | | | 281 | | | | 193 | | | | 102 | | | | 179 | | | | 281 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 569 | | | | — | | | | 569 | | | | (288 | ) | | | 527 | | | | 239 | | | | 341 | | | | 635 | | | | 976 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 11,028 | | | | (2,178 | ) | | | 8,850 | | | | 9,323 | | | | 7,762 | | | | 17,085 | | | | 6,576 | | | | 4,305 | | | | 10,881 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing demand and savings accounts | | | 311 | | | | 1,600 | | | | 1,911 | | | | 468 | | | | 2,412 | | | | 2,880 | | | | 364 | | | | 2,211 | | | | 2,575 | |
Time deposits | | | 5,116 | | | | 2,093 | | | | 7,209 | | | | 1,512 | | | | 2,002 | | | | 3,514 | | | | 489 | | | | 850 | | | | 1,339 | |
Borrowed funds | | | (692 | ) | | | 78 | | | | (614 | ) | | | 5 | | | | 301 | | | | 306 | | | | (150 | ) | | | 210 | | | | 60 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 4,735 | | | | 3,771 | | | | 8,506 | | | | 1,985 | | | | 4,715 | | | | 6,700 | | | | 703 | | | | 3,271 | | | | 3,974 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in net interest income | | $ | 6,293 | | | $ | (5,949 | ) | | $ | 344 | | | $ | 7,338 | | | $ | 3,047 | | | $ | 10,385 | | | $ | 5,873 | | | $ | 1,034 | | | $ | 6,907 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
During 2007, net interest income increased primarily as a result of volume increases in interest earning loans, offset by volume increases in interest bearing time deposits, lower rates earned on loans and higher rates paid on deposits. While interest rates paid on loans are closely aligned with changes in the Fed Funds rate, deposit interest rates have continued to trend upward due to the competitive deposit environment.
During 2006, net interest income increased primarily due to loan volume increases and higher rates earned on loans. The increase was partially offset by increases in interest rates paid on deposits. Loan volume increases during 2006 resulted primarily from the following: (1) strong demand for real estate loans in our Central Oregon, Willamette Valley and Columbia Basin regions; (2) loans originated by our Lake Oswego branch; and (3) loan growth from new branches in Richland, Pasco, Yakima and Sunnyside, Washington. Rate changes during 2006 are consistent with changes in the Fed Funds rate, which increased four times during the first half of 2006. After the final increase in June 2006, the Fed Funds rate remained unchanged at 5.25% until September 2007.
28
During 2005, net interest income increased primarily as a result of loan volume increases, higher rates earned on loans offset by higher rates paid on interest bearing deposit accounts. Loan volume increased due to strong demand for real estate loans. Higher interest rates resulted from the eight Fed Funds rate increases during 2005.
Provision for Loan Losses
Our provision for loan losses represents an expense to establish an adequate allowance for loan losses and deposit account overdraft losses. Charges to the provision for loan losses result from our ongoing analysis of probable losses in our loan portfolio.
Charges to provision for loan losses totaled $4.74 million, $2.90 million and $3.12 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. From 2006 to 2007, the provision increased to provide for the effect of an agricultural loan charge-off during the first half of 2007 and for the real estate downturn that began during the second half of 2007. The decrease in the provision from 2005 to 2006 was the net result of improving credit quality trends, reduced levels of net loan charge-offs and moderate loan growth.
Non-interest Income
Non-interest income is comprised of service charges and fees, credit card discounts, financial services revenue, mortgage banking revenue and gains from the sale of loans, securities and other assets. Mortgage banking revenue includes service release premiums, revenues from the origination and sale of mortgage loans and net revenues from mortgage servicing activities, which was discontinued in 2005. Financial services revenue is derived from the sale of investments and financial planning services to our customers.
From 2006 to 2007, non-interest income increased 10% primarily due to higher revenues from mortgage banking and financial services. Compared to 2006, mortgage loan originations were higher during the first half of 2007 and resulted from the addition of mortgage loan officers. Mortgage banking revenue increases were offset by higher salary and benefit costs associated with the hiring of additional mortgage loan officers. Financial services revenues are higher because sales representatives hired during the last two years have now fully developed a strong client base and overall sales per representative have increased.
From 2005 to 2006, non-interest income decreased 4% due to the following factors:
| • | | Service charges and fees decreased primarily as a result of overdraft protection changes we made to comply with new regulations. |
|
| • | | Mortgage banking revenue increased due to an increase in the volume of loan originations. |
|
| • | | In order to balance our loans and deposits and add liquidity during 2006, we sold $6.62 million of commercial real estate loans at a gain of $133,640. |
|
| • | | In 2005, we recognized $560,588 from gain on the sale of our mortgage servicing asset. |
29
Non-interest Expense
Non-interest expense consists of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy costs, item and statement processing, advertising, data processing and other non-interest expenses.
Non-interest expense increased 5% from 2006 to 2007 primarily due to the following factors:
| • | | Occupancy expense increased 21% due to the opening of a joint branch and administration facility in Vancouver, Washington and due to a full year of expenses associated branches opened during 2006. |
|
| • | | Other non-interest expense increased 13% primarily due to legal fees and other costs associated with a charged-off agricultural loan, as well as higher software licensing expense and consulting fees. |
Non-interest expense increased 22% from 2005 to 2006 primarily due to the following factors:
| • | | Higher salary and benefits expenses: We hired employees to staff new branches and new administrative positions. As of December 31, 2006, full-time equivalent employees (“FTE”) totaled 362 compared to 312 as of December 31, 2005, a 16% increase. In addition, salaries for existing FTE increased due to annual merit increases and market salary adjustments. |
|
| • | | Higher occupancy costs and other non-interest expenses related to the incremental costs of new branches opened during 2006. |
The efficiency ratio measures how well a bank manages its overhead costs. The ratio represents non-interest expense as a percentage of interest income and non-interest income. Our efficiency ratio measured 56.49% for 2007, compared to 55.00% for 2006 and 53.67% for 2005. Increases in the efficiency ratio resulted from increases in non-interest expense that outpaced the growth of total revenues. For 2008, we expect our efficiency ratio will trend higher as we continue to re-engineer our core operations to improve efficiency and drive future revenue growth.
Income Taxes
Combined federal and state effective tax rates were 37.15% for 2007, 37.45% for 2006 and 35.52% for 2005. Effective tax rates differ from combined statutory rates of 38.90% primarily due to the effects of nontaxable investment interest income, purchased state tax credits and non-taxable revenue from the increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies.
Our effective tax rate for 2005 was affected by the Oregon corporate kicker tax credit, which totaled $328,250. The Oregon Constitution provides the corporate kicker tax credit in certain years when state revenues exceed forecasted amounts.
We expect our 2008 effective tax rate will range between 36.00% and 37.50% and may vary depending on our level of participation in state income tax credits.
30
Financial Condition
Table 7
Summary Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | | Increase (Decrease) | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 12/31/06 – 12/31/07 | | | 12/31/05 – 12/31/06 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal funds sold | | $ | 49,100 | | | $ | 58,930 | | | $ | 29,282 | | | $ | (9,830 | ) | | | -17 | % | | $ | 29,648 | | | | 101 | % |
Investments | | | 34,182 | | | | 37,704 | | | | 36,780 | | | | (3,522 | ) | | | -9 | | | | 924 | | | | 3 | |
Total loans, net | | | 866,830 | | | | 801,871 | | | | 677,686 | | | | 64,959 | | | | 8 | | | | 124,185 | | | | 18 | |
Other assets(1) | | | 92,596 | | | | 134,683 | | | | 97,491 | | | | (42,087 | ) | | | -31 | | | | 37,192 | | | | 38 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,042,708 | | | $ | 1,033,188 | | | $ | 841,239 | | | $ | 9,520 | | | | 1 | % | | $ | 191,949 | | | | 23 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | $ | 224,092 | | | $ | 235,037 | | | $ | 220,450 | | | $ | (10,945 | ) | | | -5 | % | | $ | 14,587 | | | | 7 | % |
Interest bearing deposits | | | 698,801 | | | | 624,028 | | | | 487,372 | | | | 74,773 | | | | 12 | | | | 136,656 | | | | 28 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | | 922,893 | | | | 859,065 | | | | 707,822 | | | | 63,828 | | | | 7 | | | | 151,243 | | | | 21 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities(2) | | | 17,577 | | | | 83,105 | | | | 55,925 | | | | (65,528 | ) | | | -79 | | | | 27,180 | | | | 49 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 940,470 | | | | 942,170 | | | | 763,747 | | | | (1,700 | ) | | | — | | | | 178,423 | | | | 23 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | 102,238 | | | | 91,018 | | | | 77,492 | | | | 11,220 | | | | 12 | | | | 13,526 | | | | 17 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 1,042,708 | | | $ | 1,033,188 | | | $ | 841,239 | | | $ | 9,520 | | | | 1 | % | | $ | 191,949 | | | | 23 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Includes cash and due from banks, property and equipment, accrued interest receivable and intangible goodwill. |
|
(2) | | Includes notes payable, accrued interest payable and other liabilities. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand at our branches and cash due from other banks, interest bearing deposits with other banks and federal funds sold. Cash on hand balances were generally consistent throughout the year. Interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold can fluctuate significantly on a day-to-day basis due to cash demands, customer deposit levels, loan activity and future expected cash flows. Our goal is to maximize our investment of excess cash in interest bearing investments, which are readily available to meet our liquidity needs.
31
Investments
The following table presents the carrying value of our investment security portfolio as of December 31:
Table 8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
Investments available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Government obligations | | $ | 19,419 | | | | 57 | % | | $ | 19,827 | | | | 53 | % | | $ | 16,680 | | | | 45 | % | | $ | 23,899 | | | | 53 | % |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | | 208 | | | | 1 | | | | 361 | | | | 1 | | | | 553 | | | | 1 | | | | 674 | | | | 2 | |
Equity securities | | | 1,147 | | | | 3 | | | | 638 | | | | 2 | | | | 611 | | | | 2 | | | | 606 | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 20,774 | | | | 61 | | | | 20,826 | | | | 56 | | | | 17,844 | | | | 48 | | | | 25,179 | | | | 56 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments held-to-maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | | 8,798 | | | | 26 | | | | 11,230 | | | | 30 | | | | 12,053 | | | | 33 | | | | 12,535 | | | | 28 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 2,171 | | | | 6 | | | | 3,129 | | | | 8 | | | | 4,363 | | | | 12 | | | | 5,174 | | | | 11 | |
U.S. Government obligations | | | — | | | | — | | | | 80 | | | | — | | | | 81 | | | | — | | | | 81 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 10,969 | | | | 32 | | | | 14,439 | | | | 38 | | | | 16,497 | | | | 45 | | | | 17,790 | | | | 39 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restricted equity securities | | | 2,439 | | | | 7 | | | | 2,439 | | | | 6 | | | | 2,439 | | | | 7 | | | | 2,429 | | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investment securities | | $ | 34,182 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 37,704 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 36,780 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 45,398 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment securities decreased 9% from 2006 to 2007 primarily due to called or matured investment securities and principal repayments on mortgage-backed securities. Investment securities increased 3% from 2005 to 2006 primarily due to investment purchases totaling $9.16 million, which were partially offset by investment maturities totaling $8.43 million. The majority of investment purchases during 2007 and 2006 replaced matured securities pledged as collateral for public agency deposits.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, no single investment security equaled or exceeded 10% of consolidated shareholders’ equity.
The maturities of investment securities, segmented by amortized cost, estimated fair value, and tax equivalent yields, were as follows as of the dates indicated:
Table 9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Amortized | | | Estimated | | | % | | | Amortized | | | Estimated | | | % | | | Amortized | | | Estimated | | | % | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Yield(1) | |
U.S. Government obligations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year or less | | $ | 8,996 | | | $ | 8,990 | | | | 4.49 | % | | $ | 5,861 | | | $ | 5,795 | | | | 5.15 | % | | $ | 6,000 | | | $ | 5,926 | | | | 4.60 | % |
One to five years | | | 6,301 | | | | 6,347 | | | | 4.57 | | | | 14,225 | | | | 14,110 | | | | 5.15 | | | | 11,096 | | | | 10,836 | | | | 4.72 | |
Five to ten years | | | 4,000 | | | | 4,080 | | | | 4.77 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Over ten years | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year or less | | | 363 | | | | 361 | | | | 4.28 | | | | 1,312 | | | | 1,301 | | | | 5.50 | | | | 2,347 | | | | 2,333 | | | | 5.30 | |
One to five years | | | 1,261 | | | | 1,255 | | | | 4.25 | | | | 1,507 | | | | 1,480 | | | | 4.49 | | | | 1,568 | | | | 1,557 | | | | 4.55 | |
Five to ten years | | | 243 | | | | 242 | | | | 5.14 | | | | 203 | | | | 198 | | | | 5.02 | | | | 441 | | | | 434 | | | | 4.09 | |
Over ten years | | | 304 | | | | 306 | | | | 5.82 | | | | 107 | | | | 104 | | | | 4.87 | | | | 7 | | | | 7 | | | | 6.50 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year or less | | | 495 | | | | 501 | | | | 5.60 | | | | 281 | | | | 282 | | | | 5.78 | | | | 1,171 | | | | 1,173 | | | | 5.17 | |
One to five years | | | 5,639 | | | | 5,729 | | | | 6.31 | | | | 3,830 | | | | 3,857 | | | | 6.06 | | | | 3,031 | | | | 3,081 | | | | 6.27 | |
Five to ten years | | | 2,869 | | | | 2,896 | | | | 6.74 | | | | 7,474 | | | | 7,597 | | | | 6.06 | | | | 7,943 | | | | 8,198 | | | | 6.16 | |
Over ten years | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 449 | | | | 437 | | | | 6.89 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities | | | 30,471 | | | | 30,707 | | | | 5.11 | % | | | 34,800 | | | | 34,724 | | | | 5.47 | % | | | 34,053 | | | | 33,982 | | | | 5.32 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | 1,161 | | | | 1,147 | | | | | | | | 619 | | | | 638 | | | | | | | | 596 | | | | 611 | | | | | |
Restricted equity securities | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | | | | | | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | | | | | | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total securities | | $ | 34,071 | | | $ | 34,293 | | | | | | | $ | 37,858 | | | $ | 37,801 | | | | | | | $ | 37,088 | | | $ | 37,032 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Weighted average yields are stated on a federal tax equivalent basis at a rate of 35% and have been annualized, where appropriate. |
32
Loans
Our loan portfolio reflects our efforts to diversify risk across a range of loan types and industries, and thereby complement the markets in which we do business. Loan products include construction, land development, real estate, commercial, consumer, agriculture and credit cards.
Our loan portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale, was as follows for the years ended December 31:
Table 10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | |
Commercial | | $ | 129,018 | | | | 15 | % | | $ | 136,582 | | | | 17 | % | | $ | 101,261 | | | | 15 | % | | $ | 93,618 | | | | 16 | % | | $ | 86,163 | | | | 19 | % |
Agricultural | | | 70,095 | | | | 8 | | | | 86,218 | | | | 11 | | | | 84,271 | | | | 12 | | | | 79,224 | | | | 14 | | | | 64,059 | | | | 14 | |
Real estate secured loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial property | | | 241,544 | | | | 28 | | | | 243,391 | | | | 31 | | | | 199,065 | | | | 30 | | | | 156,175 | | | | 27 | | | | 125,359 | | | | 27 | |
Farmland | | | 48,739 | | | | 6 | | | | 44,178 | | | | 5 | | | | 46,518 | | | | 7 | | | | 50,585 | | | | 9 | | | | 42,301 | | | | 9 | |
Construction | | | 294,398 | | | | 34 | | | | 212,826 | | | | 27 | | | | 184,331 | | | | 27 | | | | 139,415 | | | | 25 | | | | 87,427 | | | | 19 | |
Residential | | | 41,149 | | | | 5 | | | | 46,547 | | | | 6 | | | | 30,955 | | | | 5 | | | | 29,584 | | | | 5 | | | | 34,295 | | | | 7 | |
Home equity lines | | | 23,144 | | | | 3 | | | | 13,410 | | | | 2 | | | | 14,747 | | | | 2 | | | | 10,701 | | | | 2 | | | | 4,799 | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total real estate | | | 648,974 | | | | 76 | | | | 560,352 | | | | 71 | | | | 475,616 | | | | 71 | | | | 386,460 | | | | 68 | | | | 294,181 | | | | 63 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer | | | 11,630 | | | | 1 | | | | 12,541 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,775 | | | | 2 | | | | 14,386 | | | | 2 | | | | 18,242 | | | | 4 | |
Other | | | 11,208 | | | | 1 | | | | 10,212 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,923 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,660 | | | | 1 | | | | 6,975 | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gross loans | | | 870,925 | | | | 101 | | | | 805,905 | | | | 101 | | | | 682,846 | | | | 101 | | | | 581,348 | | | | 101 | | | | 469,620 | | | | 101 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less unearned loan fees | | | (1,060 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,428 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,513 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,556 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,450 | ) | | | — | |
Less allowance for loan losses | | | (11,174 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (10,143 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (9,526 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (8,184 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (6,612 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans receivable, net | | $ | 858,691 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 794,334 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 671,807 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 571,608 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 461,558 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Volume change from prior year | | | | | | | 8 | % | | | | | | | 18 | % | | | | | | | 18 | % | | | | | | | 24 | % | | | | | | | 9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross loans increased $65.02 million, or 8%, from 2006 to 2007 primarily due to demand for real estate construction loans during the first half of 2007. Compared to 2006, agricultural loan balances were lower due to strong commodity prices resulting in lower borrowing demand for agricultural loan customers. Beginning in the second quarter and through the end of 2007, there was a slowing demand for real estate loans throughout our market areas. The slowdown is primarily related to the subprime lending issues facing the banking industry as a whole. Due to the real estate slowdown, we expect loan growth will moderate from the levels we experienced over the last several years. However, we believe that our growth rate will keep pace with other banks in our selected Pacific Northwest region peer group.
Gross loans increased $123.06 million, or 18%, from 2005 to 2006. Significant factors contributing to loan growth were as follows:
| • | | New branches in Yakima, Sunnyside and Pasco, Washington along with our expanded Meadow Springs branch in Richland, Washington contributed $45.95 million in loan growth. |
|
| • | | Continued strong demand for construction and commercial real estate loans throughout our market areas added $55.57 million to loan growth during 2006, excluding new branch activity. |
|
| • | | Commercial loans increased $35.32 million due to a focus on commercial and industrial lending and two large commercial loans added in the fourth quarter of 2006. |
As of December 31, 2007, loans secured by real estate comprised 76% of our loan portfolio, compared to 71% as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Although this concentration is consistent with our Pacific Northwest community bank peers, we could be subject to losses resulting from declines in real estate development markets and the negative economic effects of fluctuating interest rates. Some borrowers use proceeds from real estate loans for purposes other than real estate development, such as inventory and equipment purchases. In these cases, real estate market declines would represent a more indirect risk of loss because the borrower’s financial condition may not be directly affected by such a decline (also see “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” section below).
33
We participate in non-real estate agricultural lending, which comprises approximately 8% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2007. Agricultural lending has unique challenges that require special expertise. We employ agriculture consultants and loan officers with experience in underwriting and monitoring agricultural loans. We also diversify our agricultural loan portfolio across numerous commodity types and maintain Preferred Lender Status with the Farm Service Agency. This status allows us to participate in Farm Loan Government Guarantee Programs, which provide guarantees of up to 90% on qualified loans. Approximately 15% of our agricultural loans are guaranteed through this program; however, these guarantees are limited and loans under this program are not without credit risk.
We also originate and fund single-family mortgage loans. These loans are generally committed for sale to mortgage investors and held for less than thirty days. Mortgage loans held-for-sale are reported under the caption “Loans held-for-sale” on our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2007, mortgage loans held-for-sale totaled $8.14 million compared to $7.54 million and $4.47 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The following table presents our loan portfolio maturities, excluding mortgage loans-held-for-sale, on fixed rate loans and re-pricing dates on variable rate loans:
Table 11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2007 | |
| | Less than | | | 3 months- | | | | | | | | | | | Over | | | Total | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 3 months | | | 1 year | | | 1-5 years | | | 5-10 years | | | 10 years | | | loans | |
Commercial loans | | $ | 29,490 | | | $ | 41,655 | | | $ | 33,912 | | | $ | 21,486 | | | $ | 2,475 | | | $ | 129,018 | |
Agricultural loans | | | 24,976 | | | | 19,961 | | | | 22,684 | | | | 2,350 | | | | 124 | | | | 70,095 | |
Real estate secured loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial property | | | 16,538 | | | | 14,993 | | | | 20,965 | | | | 88,132 | | | | 100,916 | | | | 241,544 | |
Farmland | | | 4,344 | | | | 4,873 | | | | 6,628 | | | | 7,938 | | | | 24,956 | | | | 48,739 | |
Construction | | | 136,349 | | | | 120,600 | | | | 27,867 | | | | 5,371 | | | | 4,211 | | | | 294,398 | |
Residential | | | 2,153 | | | | 18,248 | | | | 8,426 | | | | 5,433 | | | | 6,889 | | | | 41,149 | |
Home equity lines | | | 267 | | | | 9,232 | | | | 1,477 | | | | 188 | | | | 11,980 | | | | 23,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total real estate loans | | | 159,651 | | | | 167,946 | | | | 65,363 | | | | 107,062 | | | | 148,952 | | | | 648,974 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer | | | 549 | | | | 913 | | | | 8,304 | | | | 1,555 | | | | 309 | | | | 11,630 | |
Other | | | 7,433 | | | | 282 | | | | 548 | | | | 114 | | | | 2,831 | | | | 11,208 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total loans | | $ | 222,099 | | | $ | 230,757 | | | $ | 130,811 | | | $ | 132,567 | | | $ | 154,691 | | | $ | 870,925 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Loans with fixed interest rates | | $ | 127,283 | |
Loans with variable interest rates — daily reprice | | | 471,672 | |
Loans with variable interest rates — other than daily reprice | | | 271,970 | |
| | | |
Total loans | | $ | 870,925 | |
| | | |
| | | | |
Loans with rate floors | | $ | 550,477 | |
Loans with variable interest rates — daily reprice — on or under rate floors | | | 174,608 | |
Loans with variable interest rates — other than daily reprice — on or under rate floors | | | 63,573 | |
Variable interest rate loans comprise 85% of our portfolio as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. In order to mitigate the negative effect of falling interest rates, we have incorporated interest rate floors into approximately 63% of our loans. As of December 31, 2007, the weighted-average floor rate was 7.65%, whereas the weighted-average rate on loans with floors was 8.74%. As a result, loan interest income will continue to decrease as interest rates decrease.
34
Our loan policies and procedures establish the basic guidelines governing our lending processes. Generally, the guidelines address our target loan types and markets, underwriting and collateral requirements, terms, pricing, and compliance with laws and regulations. All loans or credit lines are subject to approval procedures and borrowing limitations that apply to the borrower’s total outstanding indebtedness, including the indebtedness of any guarantor. Our policies are reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors.
Bank officers are responsible for originating loans in compliance with underwriting standards overseen by our credit administration department and in conformity with established loan policies. On an annual basis, the Board of Directors determines the lending and approval authority of certain executive officers. This authority may be delegated to other lending officers. Delegated authority may be related to loans, letters of credit, overdrafts, uncollected funds, and other matters determined by the Board of Directors or by executive officers within their delegated authority.
Currently, our loan policies prohibit the extension of credit to any single borrower or group of related borrowers in excess of $10.00 million without approval from our Board Loan Committee. All loans approved by the Board Loan Committee are reviewed by the full Board of Directors at regularly scheduled meetings. Our unsecured legal lending limit was $15.87 million and our real estate secured lending limit was $26.45 million as of December 31, 2007. We rarely originate individual loans for amounts approaching our legal lending limits. Our internal policy establishes a lower lending limit compared to the legal lending limit.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Our allowance for loan losses represents an estimate of probable losses associated with our loan portfolio and deposit account overdrafts as of the reporting date. The adequacy of the allowance is evaluated each quarter in a manner consistent with the Interagency Policy Statement issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) and with FASB SFAS Nos. 5 and 114. In determining the level of the allowance, we estimate losses inherent in all loans, and evaluate non-performing loans to determine the amount, if any, necessary for a specific reserve. Loans not evaluated for impairment and not requiring a specific allocation are subject to a general allocation based on historical loss rates and other subjective factors. An important element in determining the adequacy of the allowance is an analysis of loans by loan risk rating categories. We regularly review our loan portfolio to evaluate the accuracy of risk ratings throughout the life of loans.
Our methodology for estimating inherent losses in the portfolio takes into consideration all loans in our portfolio, segmented by industry type and risk rating, and utilizes a number of subjective factors in addition to historical loss rates. Subjective factors include: the economic outlook on both a national and regional level; the volume and severity of non-performing loans; the nature and value of collateral securing the loans; trends in loan growth; concentrations in borrowers, industries and geographic regions; and competitive issues that impact loan underwriting.
Increases to the allowance occur when we expense amounts to the provision for loan losses or when we recover previously charged-off loans or overdrafts. Decreases occur when we charge-off loans or overdrafts that are deemed uncollectible. We determine the appropriateness and amount of these charges by assessing the risk potential in our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
35
Beginning in 2005, in accordance with Financial Institution Letter (“FIL”) 11-2005 issued by the FDIC, we include an analysis of demand deposit overdrafts in the calculation for allowance for loan losses. We assess deposit overdraft risk based on factors developed from our historical loss experience. Historically, deposit overdraft losses have been minimal.
In 2006, we reclassified to a liability account our exposure for credit losses related to off-balance-sheet financial instruments. The liability represents our estimate of probable losses associated with off-balance-sheet financial instruments, which consist of commitments to extend credit, commitments under credit card arrangements, and commercial and standby letters of credit. We had previously included the liability as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Following the reclassification, the liability is included as a component of “Accrued interest payable and other liabilities” on our balance sheet.
The following table presents the allocation of our allowance for loan losses as of December 31:
Table 12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
| | | | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | |
| | | | | | loans in | | | | | | | loans in | | | | | | | loans in | | | | | | | loans in | | | | | | | loans in | |
| | | | | | each | | | | | | | each | | | | | | | each | | | | | | | each | | | | | | | each | |
| | | | | | category to | | | | | | | category to | | | | | | | category to | | | | | | | category to | | | | | | | category to | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | | total loans | | | Amount | | | total loans | | | Amount | | | total loans | | | Amount | | | total loans | | | Amount | | | total loans | |
Commercial | | $ | 1,454 | | | | 15 | % | | $ | 1,784 | | | | 17 | % | | $ | 1,064 | | | | 15 | % | | $ | 1,438 | | | | 16 | % | | $ | 1,355 | | | | 18 | % |
Agricultural | | | 1,609 | | | | 8 | | | | 3,161 | | | | 11 | | | | 3,281 | | | | 12 | | | | 2,396 | | | | 14 | | | | 1,430 | | | | 14 | |
Real estate | | | 6,240 | | | | 75 | | | | 2,979 | | | | 70 | | | | 2,344 | | | | 70 | | | | 3,083 | | | | 67 | | | | 2,621 | | | | 63 | |
Consumer | | | 342 | | | | 1 | | | | 464 | | | | 1 | | | | 478 | | | | 2 | | | | 454 | | | | 2 | | | | 450 | | | | 4 | |
Other | | | 103 | | | | 1 | | | | 104 | | | | 1 | | | | 129 | | | | 1 | | | | 25 | | | | 1 | | | | 24 | | | | 1 | |
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 587 | | | | — | | | | 443 | | | | — | | | | 380 | | | | — | |
Unallocated | | | 1,426 | | | | — | | | | 1,651 | | | | — | | | | 1,643 | | | | — | | | | 345 | | | | — | | | | 352 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total allowance for loan losses | | $ | 11,174 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 10,143 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 9,526 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 8,184 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 6,612 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The allowance for loan loss allocation table presented above should not be relied upon as an indication of specific amounts or loan types for which future charge-offs may be incurred. The total allowance for loan losses reserve is an allowance that applies to the entire loan portfolio. The table is presented to illustrate management’s internal designation of risk potential between loan types. The unallocated portion of the allowance is intended to recognize the subjective nature of the determination of losses inherent in the overall loan portfolio and provide a level of coverage for losses not otherwise provided for in our specific or general components that make up the allocated portion of our allowance. The unallocated portion of the allowance is representative of other qualitative factors relevant to our portfolio as a whole, but not captured in the known risk adjustments or historical loss rates that are attributed to specific loans or loan classes in the allocated portion of the allowance.
36
The following table presents our loan loss experience for the years ended December 31:
Table 13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Gross loans outstanding at end of year(1) | | $ | 879,064 | | | $ | 813,443 | | | $ | 688,725 | | | $ | 583,865 | | | $ | 472,412 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average loans outstanding for the year(1) | | $ | 860,783 | | | $ | 745,578 | | | $ | 625,038 | | | $ | 546,600 | | | $ | 457,465 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses balance, beginning of year | | $ | 10,143 | | | $ | 9,526 | | | $ | 8,184 | | | $ | 6,612 | | | $ | 6,417 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans charged off: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial | | | (205 | ) | | | (655 | ) | | | (1,261 | ) | | | (762 | ) | | | (417 | ) |
Real estate | | | (85 | ) | | | (24 | ) | | | (168 | ) | | | (116 | ) | | | (1,569 | ) |
Real estate construction | | | (113 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Agriculture | | | (3,253 | ) | | | (893 | ) | | | (156 | ) | | | (80 | ) | | | (40 | ) |
Consumer loans | | | (13 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (111 | ) | | | (198 | ) | | | (412 | ) |
Consumer overdrafts | | | (306 | ) | | | (274 | ) | | | (165 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Credit card and related accounts | | | (43 | ) | | | (79 | ) | | | (101 | ) | | | (135 | ) | | | (96 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans charged off | | | (4,018 | ) | | | (1,931 | ) | | | (1,962 | ) | | | (1,291 | ) | | | (2,534 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Recoveries: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial | | | 48 | | | | 112 | | | | 79 | | | | 67 | | | | 50 | |
Real estate | | | — | | | | 35 | | | | 9 | | | | 8 | | | | 35 | |
Real estate construction | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Agriculture | | | — | | | | 162 | | | | 5 | | | | 4 | | | | 28 | |
Consumer loans | | | 28 | | | | 19 | | | | 32 | | | | 13 | | | | 31 | |
Consumer overdrafts | | | 223 | | | | — | | | | 60 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Credit card and related accounts | | | 9 | | | | 10 | | | | 4 | | | | 11 | | | | 10 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total recoveries | | | 309 | | | | 338 | | | | 189 | | | | 103 | | | | 154 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | | (3,709 | ) | | | (1,593 | ) | | | (1,773 | ) | | | (1,188 | ) | | | (2,380 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 4,740 | | | | 2,900 | | | | 3,115 | | | | 2,760 | | | | 2,575 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reclassify liability for off-balance-sheet financial insturment credit losses | | | — | | | | (690 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses balance, end of year | | $ | 11,174 | | | $ | 10,143 | | | $ | 9,526 | | | $ | 8,184 | | | $ | 6,612 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liability for off-balance-sheet financial instruments, beginning of year | | $ | 763 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Reclassify from allowance for loan losses | | | — | | | | 690 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Increase charged to other non-interest expense | | | 85 | | | | 73 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liability for off-balance-sheet financial instruments, end of year | | $ | 848 | | | $ | 763 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total allowance for credit losses(2) | | $ | 12,022 | | | $ | 10,906 | | | $ | 9,526 | | | $ | 8,184 | | | $ | 6,612 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Ratio of net loans charged off to average loans outstanding | | | 0.43 | % | | | 0.21 | % | | | 0.28 | % | | | 0.22 | % | | | 0.52 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to loans at end of period | | | 1.37 | % | | | 1.34 | % | | | 1.38 | % | | | 1.40 | % | | | 1.40 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Includes loans held-for-sale and excludes allowance for loan losses and unearned fees. |
|
(2) | | Allowance for loan losses and liability for off-balance-sheet financial instruments. |
37
During the first half of 2007, we charged-off $3.22 million of an agricultural loan to a potato grower. We previously charged-off $878,574 of this loan relationship in 2006. As of December 31, 2007, there was no remaining loan balance to this borrower.
On an annualized basis, net charge-offs measured 0.43% of average gross loans for 2007. Our net charge-offs as a percentage of average gross loans has ranged between 0.21% and 0.52% over the 5-year period from 2003 to 2007, averaging 0.33% on an annual basis. This percentage increased during 2007 due to the charge-off of the potato grower loan. We believe 2008 net charge-offs as a percentage of average gross loans will range on the higher end of our historic average due to the economic challenges banks will face in 2008 due to declining real estate values. Based on information available to us at this time, we expect the loss potential to fall within a range of 0.37% to 0.42% by year end.
As a percentage of gross loans at year-end, our allowance for credit losses has ranged between 1.34% and 1.40% over the 5-year period from 2003 to 2007, averaging 1.38% on an annual basis. Because of a general trend toward relatively higher credit quality during 2006 and into the second quarter of 2007, this percentage had been trending downward. However, toward the end of the second quarter of 2007, there was an increase in real estate loans assigned higher risk ratings (indicating greater risk) in our loan portfolio. There was also an increase in loans with past due payments and other factors indicative of declining loan quality. These same trends are affecting other banks across the United States. Consistent with the real estate market slowdown, our allowance for credit losses as a percentage of gross loans increased from 1.27% as of June 30, 2007 to 1.37% as of December 31, 2007. After the $3.22 million agricultural loan was charged-off and removed from our portfolio, loan quality measurements for the remaining portion of our agricultural portfolio improved. As a result, loan loss provisions recognized during the second half of 2007 were allocated primarily to the real estate category.
Banks in the Pacific Northwest experienced an increase in charge-offs of real estate loans during 2007. We did not recognize significant real estate loan charge-offs during 2007, but going into 2008 we may be impacted by declining real estate values and conditions that have led to higher inventories of residential lots and finished homes. The diversity of our market areas has partially reduced our risk exposure. However, we do have concentrations of loans in the Vancouver, Washington, Portland, Oregon and Central Oregon markets that continue to show signs of stress. In some cases, we have developed workout and liquidation plans with our borrowers. Based on these factors, we expect the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of gross loans will trend upward for 2008.
Non-performing Assets
Non-performing assets consist of loans on non-accrual status, delinquent loans past due greater than 90 days, troubled debt restructured loans and other real estate owned (“OREO”). We do not accrue interest on loans for which full payment of principal and interest is not expected, or for which payment of principal or interest has been in default 90 days or more, unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. Troubled debt restructured loans are those for which the interest rate, principal balance, collateral support or payment schedules were modified from original terms, beyond what is ordinarily available in the marketplace, to accommodate a borrower’s weakened financial condition. OREO represents assets held through loan foreclosure or recovery activities.
38
The following table presents balances and ratios with respect to non-performing assets for the years ended December 31:
Table 14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
Loans on non-accrual status | | $ | 9,865 | | | $ | 4,939 | | | $ | 5,688 | | | $ | 4,217 | | | $ | 3,292 | |
Loans past due — greater than 90 days | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Restructured loans | | | 84 | | | | 52 | | | | 40 | | | | — | | | | 10 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing loans | | | 9,949 | | | | 4,991 | | | | 5,728 | | | | 4,217 | | | | 3,302 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other real estate owned | | | 516 | | | | 203 | | | | — | | | | 100 | | | | 42 | |
Repossessed other assets | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets | | $ | 10,470 | | | $ | 5,194 | | | $ | 5,728 | | | $ | 4,317 | | | $ | 3,344 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | | $ | 11,174 | | | $ | 10,143 | | | $ | 9,526 | | | $ | 8,184 | | | $ | 6,612 | |
Ratio of total non-performing assets to total assets | | | 1.00 | % | | | 0.50 | % | | | 0.68 | % | | | 0.60 | % | | | 0.57 | % |
Ratio of total non-performing loans to total gross loans | | | 1.13 | % | | | 0.61 | % | | | 0.83 | % | | | 0.72 | % | | | 0.70 | % |
Ratio of reserve for loan losses to total non-performing assets | | | 106.73 | % | | | 195.28 | % | | | 166.30 | % | | | 189.57 | % | | | 197.74 | % |
As of December 31, 2007, two real estate development loans comprise 74% of non-performing loans. The real estate developments are situated in the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington markets. One of these loans is a participation loan where the participating banks and borrower are developing an action plan that would involve a liquidation of the collateral to minimize losses. The other loan is scheduled for foreclosure at the end of February 2008, following which the property will be marketed.
During 2006, we foreclosed on a commercial loan and during 2006 and 2007 we repossessed the properties that collateralized the loan. The repossessed properties comprise the entire OREO balance as of December 31, 2007. The carrying values of the properties are supported by current appraisals and evaluations of marketability.
Non-performing assets may increase during 2008 due to the ongoing effects of the residential real estate slowdown.
39
Deposits
We offer various deposit accounts, including interest bearing checking, savings, money market, certificates of deposit and non-interest bearing checking. The accounts vary as to terms, with principal differences being minimum balances required, length of time the funds must remain on deposit, interest rate and deposit or withdrawal options.
Deposits are our primary source for funding loan growth. In order to minimize our interest expense, we recognize the importance of growing non-interest bearing demand deposits.
Deposits were as follows for the years ended December 31:
Table 15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | | | Amount | | | Percentage | |
Interest bearing demand deposits | | $ | 303,235 | | | | 33 | % | | $ | 313,433 | | | | 37 | % | | $ | 278,070 | | | | 39 | % |
Savings deposits | | | 35,784 | | | | 4 | | | | 35,456 | | | | 4 | | | | 41,128 | | | | 6 | |
Time certificates less than $100,000 | | | 264,042 | | | | 29 | | | | 196,648 | | | | 23 | | | | 73,508 | | | | 11 | |
Time certificates greater than $100,000 | | | 95,740 | | | | 10 | | | | 78,491 | | | | 9 | | | | 94,666 | | | | 13 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest bearing deposits | | | 698,801 | | | | 76 | | | | 624,028 | | | | 73 | | | | 487,372 | | | | 69 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | | 224,092 | | | | 24 | | | | 235,037 | | | | 27 | | | | 220,450 | | | | 31 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 922,893 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 859,065 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 707,822 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits increased $63.83 million, or 7%, from 2006 to 2007 primarily due to the following factors:
| • | | Retail time certificates increased $30.67 million primarily due to promotionally priced certificate of deposit offerings. |
|
| • | | Wholesale deposits increased $54.80 million to support loan growth during the first half of 2007. |
|
| • | | Deposit growth was offset by a $37.00 million overnight deposit from year-end 2006 withdrawn at the beginning of 2007. |
From 2005 to 2006, deposits increased $151.24 million, or 21%. Significant factors that contributed to the increase were as follows:
| • | | New branches in Yakima, Sunnyside and Pasco, Washington, along with our expanded Meadow Springs branch in Richland, Washington, contributed $43.17 million to deposit growth. |
|
| • | | In order to support loan growth, we added wholesale liabilities totaling $75.09 million, net of maturities. |
|
| • | | We raised $47.97 million of retail time deposits by offering special pricing terms. Time deposit growth supplemented the modest growth of core retail deposits. |
|
| • | | We received a $37.00 million temporary overnight deposit on the last business day of 2006. |
As of December 31, 2006, deposits concentrated in two customers totaled $54.07 million, or 6% of total deposits. This concentration includes the $37.00 million overnight deposit noted above.
40
Average balances and rates paid by deposit category were as follows for the years ended December 31:
Table 16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 Averages | | | 2006 Averages | | | 2005 Averages | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | | Rate Paid | | | Amount | | | Rate Paid | | | Amount | | | Rate Paid | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | $ | 220,325 | | | | N/A | | | $ | 219,526 | | | | N/A | | | $ | 198,316 | | | | N/A | |
Interest bearing demand deposits | | | 299,257 | | | | 2.83 | % | | | 280,691 | | | | 2.31 | % | | | 248,544 | | | | 1.50 | % |
Savings deposits | | | 36,005 | | | | 1.06 | | | | 39,790 | | | | 1.10 | | | | 38,960 | | | | 0.84 | |
Time certificates | | | 338,524 | | | | 4.91 | | | | 219,084 | | | | 4.29 | | | | 174,495 | | | | 3.38 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 894,111 | | | | | | | $ | 759,091 | | | | | | | $ | 660,315 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Due to the competitive deposit environment, interest rates for interest bearing demand deposit and time certificates continued to increase during 2007. In order to avoid across-the-board deposit rate increases, we have employed a relationship pricing strategy, whereby we offer rates tailored to customers, often in exchange for using other bank services or a willingness to deposit additional funds. In order to support loan growth, we have continued to selectively add wholesale liabilities during periods of slow retail deposit growth.
Increasing low cost retail deposits continues to be a challenge for us and for the banking industry in general. Deposit customers expect innovative banking products tailored to their needs and interest rates that are competitive in the market place. We compete for deposits with brokerage firm money market funds and other non-traditional financial institutions that offer pricing indexed to market interest rates. We will continue to address these challenges by further developing our infrastructure and technologies to focus on customer convenience and efficiency. We have also realigned the reporting structure of our retail functions to streamline reporting relationships and focus our activities around growing low cost deposits.
Wholesale liabilities include all funding sources obtained outside the retail branch network and consist of brokered certificates of deposit, direct certificates of deposit, mutual fund money market deposits, out-of-market public funds, correspondent borrowings and advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Correspondent borrowings and FHLB advances are classified as “Notes payable” on our consolidated balance sheet. Wholesale liabilities generally pay higher interest rates than comparable retail branch deposits. We have utilized wholesale liabilities during periods of slow retail deposit growth and in order to avoid across-the-board re-pricing of our deposit portfolio.
41
The following table presents a comparison of wholesale deposit balances, which are included in total deposits shown above:
Table 17
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Brokered certificates of deposit | | $ | 144,467 | | | $ | 89,325 | | | $ | 31,644 | |
Direct certificates of deposit | | | 4,339 | | | | 5,508 | | | | 9,715 | |
Mutual fund money market deposits | | | 23,547 | | | | 18,423 | | | | — | |
Out-of-market public funds | | | 4,081 | | | | 8,382 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 176,434 | | | $ | 121,638 | | | $ | 41,359 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Brokered certificates of deposit are obtained through intermediary brokers that sell the certificates on the open market. Direct certificates of deposit are obtained through a proprietary network that solicits deposits from other financial institutions or from public entities. Mutual fund money market deposits are obtained from an intermediary that provides cash sweep services to broker-dealers and clearing firms. Out-of-market public fund depositors typically expect higher interest rates consistent with other wholesale borrowings.
Brokered and direct certificates of deposit are classified as “Time certificates” on our balance sheet. Cash sweep funds and wholesale public fund deposits are classified as “Interest bearing demand deposits” on our balance sheet.
Maturities of all time certificates of deposit outstanding as of December 31, 2007 were as follows:
Table 18
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Time Certificates | | | Time Certificates | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | less than $100,000 | | | greater than $100,000 | | | Total | |
Three months or less | | $ | 52,892 | | | $ | 32,909 | | | $ | 85,801 | |
Over three through six months | | | 36,774 | | | | 24,976 | | | | 61,750 | |
Over six months through twelve months | | | 70,187 | | | | 21,737 | | | | 91,924 | |
Over twelve months through five years | | | 104,008 | | | | 16,118 | | | | 120,126 | |
Over five years | | | 181 | | | | — | | | | 181 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 264,042 | | | $ | 95,740 | | | $ | 359,782 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Long-Term and Short-Term Borrowings
Advances from FHLB represent the majority of our borrowings. As of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, FHLB borrowings totaled $5.43 million, $69.39 million and $44.84 million, respectively. FHLB borrowings were lower as of December 31, 2007 due to repayments of long-term borrowings. In addition, FHLB borrowings as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, included $50 million and $20.00 million of short-term borrowings outstanding.
We also use lines of credit at correspondent banks to purchase federal funds for short-term funding. We had no federal funds purchased as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. Other borrowings consist of a Treasury Tax and Loan note payable totaling $850,000 as of December 31, 2007, $627,093 as of December 31, 2006 and $850,000 as of December 31, 2005.
42
The following table presents information with respect to our FHLB borrowings for the years ended December 31:
Table 19
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 |
Amount outstanding at end of period | | $ | 5,428 | | | $ | 69,387 | | | $ | 44,841 | |
Weighted-average interest rate at end of period | | | 3.36 | % | | | 5.21 | % | | | 4.09 | % |
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the year | | $ | 46,658 | | | $ | 70,001 | | | $ | 44,841 | |
Average amount outstanding during the period | | $ | 15,246 | | | $ | 27,603 | | | $ | 34,380 | |
Weighted-average interest rate during the period | | | 4.29 | % | | | 4.33 | % | | | 3.64 | % |
Trust Preferred Securities
In December 2002, Columbia formed Columbia Bancorp Trust I (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory business trust, for the purpose of issuing guaranteed undivided beneficial interests in junior subordinated debentures (“trust preferred securities”). In 2002, the Trust issued $4.00 million in trust preferred securities. The $4.12 million in debentures issued by Columbia as collateral for the trust preferred securities qualify as Tier 1 capital under guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the debentures on January 7, 2033, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. On January 7, 2008, we exercised our right to redeem the debentures resulting in the payment of principal and accrued interest totaling $4.21 million.
Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Capital
As of December 31, 2007, shareholders’ equity totaled $102.24 million, compared to $91.02 million as of December 31, 2006, an increase of 12%. The 2007 change is primarily attributable to net income totaling $14.48 million, which was partially offset by dividends totaling $4.01 million.
Dividends declared during 2007 totaled $0.40 per common share. Based on cash dividends paid and declared in 2007, approximately 28% of our 2007 earnings will have been returned to shareholders. Retained earnings will be used to continue our growth and expansion.
Beginning in 2003, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of Columbia’s common stock on a periodic basis when excess capital is available. The plan was modified and renewed at various times, most recently in June 2007. The Board believes repurchases constitute a sound investment and use of our shareholders’ equity to reduce excess capital. Any stock repurchases would be made on the open market pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-18 at the sole discretion of Management. The repurchase plan authorizes us to repurchase common stock in an amount up to $1.50 million until the expiration date, June 30, 2008, or sooner if the maximum authorized amount of shares is repurchased prior to that date. Management determines the timing, price and number of the shares of common stock repurchased. During 2007, we repurchased 28,331 shares of common stock at an average price of $17.64 per share. We also repurchased stock pursuant to vesting of stock award shares. We allow employees to surrender stock to satisfy payroll tax withholding obligations on vesting of stock awards.
43
The following table presents our common stock repurchases during 2006 and 2007:
Table 20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maximum Dollar | |
| | | | | | | | | | Total Number of | | | Value of Shares | |
| | Total Number of | | | | | | | Shares Purchased | | | Remaining to be | |
| | Shares | | | Average Price | | | as Part of Publicly | | | Purchased Under | |
| | Purchased | | | Paid per Share | | | Announced Plans(1) | | | the Plans(1) | |
October 2006 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,500,000 | |
November 2006(2) | | | 1,136 | | | | 27.35 | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
December 2006 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended December 31, 2006 | | | 1,136 | | | | 27.35 | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Twelve months ended December 31, 2006 | | | 1,136 | | | $ | 27.35 | | | | — | | | $ | 1,500,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
July 2007 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,500,000 | |
August 2007(3) | | | 696 | | | | 18.79 | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
September 2007 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended September 30, 2007 | | | 696 | | | | 18.79 | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
October 2007 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,500,000 | |
November 2007(4) | | | 24,393 | | | | 17.60 | | | | 23,442 | | | | 1,000,370 | |
December 2007 | | | 4,889 | | | | 17.64 | | | | 4,889 | | | | 1,000,370 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended December 31, 2007 | | | 29,282 | | | | 17.61 | | | | 28,331 | | | | 1,000,370 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Twelve months ended December 31, 2007 | | | 29,978 | | | $ | 17.64 | | | | 28,331 | | | $ | 1,000,370 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Plan announced in June 2006 to repurchase up to $1.50 million of common stock through June 30, 2007. In June 2007, the plan was renewed to allow purchases of up to $1.50 million of common stock through June 30, 2008. |
|
(2) | | Includes 1,136 shares purchased pursuant to vesting of stock awards. |
|
(3) | | Includes 696 shares purchased pursuant to vesting of stock awards. |
|
(4) | | Includes 951 shares purchased pursuant to vesting of stock awards. |
The Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have established minimum requirements for capital adequacy for financial holding companies and member banks. The requirements address both risk-based capital and leverage capital. The regulatory agencies may establish higher minimum requirements if, for example, a corporation has previously received special attention or has a high susceptibility to interest rate risk.
The following table presents Columbia Bancorp’s capital ratios compared to regulatory minimums for capital adequacy purposes as of December 31:
Table 21
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | Regulatory Minimum |
Tier I capital | | | 10.51 | % | | | 10.11 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
Total risk-based capital | | | 11.76 | % | | | 11.36 | % | | | 8.00 | % |
Leverage ratio | | | 9.75 | % | | | 8.54 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have adopted policies to address our liquidity requirements, particularly with respect to customer needs for borrowing and deposit withdrawals. Our main sources of liquidity are customer deposits; sales and maturities of investment securities; overnight federal funds purchases; brokered certificates of deposit; and net cash provided by operating activities. Scheduled loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, whereas deposit inflows and unscheduled loan prepayments are variable and are often influenced by general interest rate levels, competing interest rates available on alternative investments, market competition, economic conditions and other factors.
Measurable liquid assets include the following: cash and due from banks, excluding vault cash; interest bearing deposits with other banks; held-to-maturity securities maturing within three months that are not pledged; and available-for-sale securities not pledged. Measurable liquid assets totaled $87.51 million, or 8% of total assets, as of December 31, 2007, compared to $146.34 million, or 14% of total assets, as of December 31, 2006 and $84.04 million, or 10% of total assets, as of December 30, 2005. As of December 31, 2007, undrawn liquidity from correspondent banks and FHLB credit lines totaled $164.32 million.
During 2005, liquidity increased primarily as a result of strong deposit growth. We utilized our excess liquidity to fund loan growth and payoff maturing borrowings in 2005.
Liquidity decreased during 2006 due to strong loan growth, decreased retail deposit growth and cash requirements for our expansion activities. In response, we added $75.09 million of wholesale liabilities, net of maturities, to fund loan growth and expansion activities.
During the first half of 2007, liquidity decreased due to continued loan growth. We utilized a mix of retail deposits and wholesale liabilities to fund loan growth. During the second half of 2007, liquidity stabilized due to slower loan growth caused by the real estate slowdown. We expect liquidity will remain stable during 2008 as loan growth moderates from the levels we experienced during the last several years.
Our statement of cash flows reports the net changes in our cash and cash equivalents by operating, investing and financing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $1.16 million, or 6%, from 2006 to 2007. The decrease is primarily due to lower net income and timing differences in the receipt and payment of accrued income and accrued expenses. From 2005 to 2006, net cash provided by operating activities increased $5.27 million, or 36%, as a result of the increase in net income and timing differences in the receipt and payment of accrued income and accrued expenses.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $59.67 million, or 46%, from 2006 to 2007. The decrease was primarily due to slower loan growth during 2007. From 2005 to 2006, net cash used in investing activities increased $36.39 million, or 38%, primarily as a result of an increase in loan growth for 2006. To a lesser extent, the increase was also due to an increase in securities purchased for public deposit collateral, a decrease in investment maturities, an increase in property and equipment purchases related to branch expansion and sale proceeds from our mortgage servicing asset received in 2005.
Net cash from financing activities decreased $176.22 million, or 102%, from 2006 to 2007. The decrease was primarily the result of slower deposit growth and repayments of short-term borrowings during 2007. From 2005 to 2006, net cash provided by financing activities increased $63.30 million, or 58%, from 2005 to 2006. The increase was the result of an increase in time deposits and note payable borrowings, offset by a decrease in the growth of demand and savings deposits.
Inflation
We do not consider the long-term effects of inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, material to our financial position and results of operations.
45
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we utilize financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of our customers, including loan commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, unused portions of VISA credit cards, and commitments to fund mortgage loans.
The increase in off-balance sheet items has occurred during the last three years as a result of growth in the loan portfolio. From 2005 to 2006, commitments to extend credit increased primarily due to growth and expansion of commercial real estate construction lending from our Central Oregon branches.
Off-balance sheet liabilities were as follows for the year ended December 31:
Table 22
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Commitments to extend credit | | $ | 229,716 | | | $ | 236,582 | | | $ | 195,626 | |
Commitments to originate loans held-for-sale | | | 7,170 | | | | 8,723 | | | | 5,290 | |
Undisbursed credit card lines of credit | | | 24,618 | | | | 21,265 | | | | 19,582 | |
Commercial and standby letters of credit | | | 3,200 | | | | 3,504 | | | | 2,309 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 264,704 | | | $ | 270,074 | | | $ | 222,807 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations include notes due to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle and Treasury Tax and Loan program with the Federal Reserve, trust preferred securities, operating leases, deferred compensation and salary continuation plans. Detailed below is a schedule of our current contractual obligations by maturity and/or anticipated payment date:
Table 23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payment due by Period | |
| | | | | | Less than | | | | | | | | | | | More than 5 | | | Unspecified | |
(dollars in thousands) | | Total | | | 1 year | | | 1-3 years | | | 3-5 years | | | years | | | maturity | |
Long-term debt obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal Home Loan Bank notes | | $ | 5,428 | | | $ | 4,140 | | | $ | 752 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 536 | | | $ | — | |
Trust preferred securities(1) | | | 4,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,000 | | | | — | |
Treasury Tax and Loan note | | | 850 | | | | 850 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Operating lease obligations | | | 10,680 | | | | 1,213 | | | | 2,255 | | | | 2,002 | | | | 5,210 | | | | — | |
Other long term liabilities (2) | | | 1,941 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total | | $ | 22,899 | | | $ | 6,203 | | | $ | 3,007 | | | $ | 2,002 | | | $ | 9,746 | | | $ | 1,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Columbia has the right to redeem trust preferred securities on or after January 7, 2008. This commitment excludes $124 of initial trust capitalization. Subsequent to December 31, 2007, Columbia exercised its right to redeem the securities on January 7, 2008. |
|
(2) | | Amount includes deferred compensation and salary continuation plan benefit obligations. |
46
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of this standard apply to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Management does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 157 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.” SFAS No. 158 requires employers to recognize the funded status of defined benefit postretirement plans as a net asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also requires employers to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. The new reporting requirements and related new footnote disclosure rules of SFAS No. 158 are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006. The new measurement date requirement applies for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. Management does not expect the new measurement date requirement of SFAS No. 158 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS No. 159 permits companies to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value. The standard is designed to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Management does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 159 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a final consensus on Issue 06-04, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” EITF 06-04 addresses employer accounting for endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide a benefit to an employee that extends to postretirement periods and requires the employer to recognize a liability for future benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions",or Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 12, “Omnibus Opinion—1967".EITF 06-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The effects of applying this Issue are recognized through either (a) a change in accounting principle through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings or to other components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the year of adoption or (b) a change in accounting principle through retrospective application to all prior periods. We have an endorsement split-dollar life insurance policy that serves as a post-employment benefit to a covered employee. Upon adoption on January 1, 2008, we will recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $60,000.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Revised 2007 (“SFAS No. 141(R)”), “Business Combinations.” SFAS No. 141(R)’s objective is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period on or after December 31, 2008. Management does not expect the implementation of SFAS No. 141(R) to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.” SFAS No. 160’s objective is to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements by establishing accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Management is currently evaluating the future impacts and disclosures of this standard.
47
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk Management
In the banking industry, a major risk involves changing interest rates, which can have a significant impact on our profitability. We manage exposure to changes in interest rates through asset and liability management activities within the guidelines established by our Asset Liability Committees (“ALCO”). We have two levels of ALCO oversight and management: Management ALCO, which meets monthly, and Board ALCO, which meets quarterly. Our Board ALCO has responsibility for establishing the tolerances and monitoring compliance with asset-liability management policies, including interest rate risk exposure, capital position, liquidity management and the investment portfolio. Our Management ALCO has responsibility to manage the daily activities necessary to ensure compliance with asset-liability management policies and tolerances. Board ALCO minutes are provided to the Board of Directors for review and approval.
Asset-liability management simulation models are used to measure interest rate risk. The models quantify interest rate risk through simulating forecasted net interest income and the economic value of equity over a 12-month forward-looking time horizon under various rate scenarios. The economic value of equity is defined as the difference between the market value of current assets less the market value of liabilities. By measuring the change in the present value of equity under different rate scenarios, we identify interest rate risk that may not be evident in simulating changes in the forecasted net interest income.
The table below shows the simulated percentage change in forecasted net interest income and the economic value of equity based on changes in the interest rate environment. The change in interest rates assumes an immediate, parallel and sustained shift in the base interest rate forecast. Through these simulations, we estimate the impact on net interest income and present value of equity based on a 100 and 200 basis point upward and downward gradual change of market interest rates over a one-year period. The analysis did not allow rates to fall below zero.
Table 24
| | | | | | | | |
| | Percent Change | | Percent Change |
| | in Net Interest | | in Present Value |
Change in Interest Rates | | Income | | of Equity |
-200 Basis points | | | -14.18 | % | | | -4.58 | % |
-100 Basis points | | | -7.74 | % | | | -2.33 | % |
+100 Basis points | | | 6.60 | % | | | 1.49 | % |
+200 Basis points | | | 13.54 | % | | | 3.01 | % |
As illustrated in the above table, our balance sheet is currently asset sensitive, meaning that interest earning assets mature or re-price more frequently than interest bearing liabilities in a given period. Therefore, according to the model, net interest income should increase slightly when rates increase and shrink somewhat when rates fall in an interest rate shift that is parallel across all terms of the yield curve. This is primarily a result of the concentration of variable rate and short-term commercial loans in our portfolio.
The simulation model does not take into account future management actions that could be undertaken, should a change occur in actual market interest rates. Also, assumptions underlying the modeling simulation may have significant impact on the results. These include assumptions regarding the level of interest rates and balance changes of deposit products that do not have stated maturities. These assumptions have been developed through a combination of industry standards and historical pricing behavior and modeled for future expectations. The model also includes assumptions about changes in the composition or mix of the balance sheet. Results derived from the simulation model could vary significantly due to external factors such as changes in prepayment assumptions, early withdrawals of deposits and unforeseen competitive factors.
48
ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)– The following tables set forth Columbia’s unaudited consolidated financial data regarding operations for each quarter of 2007 and 2006. This information, in the opinion of Management, includes all normal and recurring adjustments to fairly state the information contained in the tables. Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no net impact on the results of operations.
Table 25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 Quarterly Financial Data | |
| | First | | | Second | | | Third | | | Fourth | | | | |
(In thousands except per share data) | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Total | |
Income Statement Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 18,923 | | | $ | 20,495 | | | $ | 20,412 | | | $ | 19,694 | | | $ | 79,524 | |
Interest expense | | | 6,010 | | | | 7,101 | | | | 6,872 | | | | 6,525 | | | | 26,508 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | | 12,913 | | | | 13,394 | | | | 13,540 | | | | 13,169 | | | | 53,016 | |
Loan loss provision | | | 1,025 | | | | 2,325 | | | | 800 | | | | 590 | | | | 4,740 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income after loan loss provision | | | 11,888 | | | | 11,069 | | | | 12,740 | | | | 12,579 | | | | 48,276 | |
Non-interest income | | | 2,646 | | | | 2,778 | | | | 2,555 | | | | 2,861 | | | | 10,840 | |
Non-interest expense | | | 9,014 | | | | 9,024 | | | | 9,166 | | | | 8,870 | | | | 36,074 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | 5,520 | | | | 4,823 | | | | 6,129 | | | | 6,570 | | | | 23,042 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 2,067 | | | | 1,817 | | | | 2,252 | | | | 2,424 | | | | 8,560 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,453 | | | $ | 3,006 | | | $ | 3,877 | | | $ | 4,146 | | | $ | 14,482 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings Per Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per common share | | $ | 0.35 | | | $ | 0.30 | | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 1.45 | |
Diluted earnings per common share | | $ | 0.34 | | | $ | 0.30 | | | $ | 0.38 | | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 1.42 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 Quarterly Financial Data | |
| | First | | | Second | | | Third | | | Fourth | | | | |
(In thousands except per share data) | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Total | |
Income Statement Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 15,558 | | | $ | 16,634 | | | $ | 18,919 | | | $ | 19,563 | | | $ | 70,674 | |
Interest expense | | | 3,600 | | | | 3,861 | | | | 5,007 | | | | 5,534 | | | | 18,002 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | | 11,958 | | | | 12,773 | | | | 13,912 | | | | 14,029 | | | | 52,672 | |
Loan loss provision | | | 550 | | | | 1,270 | | | | 330 | | | | 750 | | | | 2,900 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income after loan loss provision | | | 11,408 | | | | 11,503 | | | | 13,582 | | | | 13,279 | | | | 49,772 | |
Non-interest income | | | 2,319 | | | | 2,390 | | | | 2,636 | | | | 2,476 | | | | 9,821 | |
Non-interest expense | | | 7,776 | | | | 8,127 | | | | 9,341 | | | | 9,129 | | | | 34,373 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | 5,951 | | | | 5,766 | | | | 6,877 | | | | 6,626 | | | | 25,220 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 2,229 | | | | 2,159 | | | | 2,634 | | | | 2,423 | | | | 9,445 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,722 | | | $ | 3,607 | | | $ | 4,243 | | | $ | 4,203 | | | $ | 15,775 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings Per Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per common share | | $ | 0.38 | | | $ | 0.36 | | | $ | 0.43 | | | $ | 0.42 | | | $ | 1.60 | |
Diluted earnings per common share | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.36 | | | $ | 0.42 | | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 1.55 | |
49
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Columbia Bancorp and Subsidiary
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition of Columbia Bancorp and Subsidiary (Company) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also include performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
50
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Page Two
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Columbia Bancorp and Subsidiary as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, Columbia Bancorp maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Portland, Oregon
March 14, 2008
51
COLUMBIA BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | | | | | | |
Cash and due from banks | | $ | 30,667,066 | | | $ | 38,141,448 | |
Interest bearing deposits with banks | | | 12,457,082 | | | | 51,443,094 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 49,099,652 | | | | 58,930,213 | |
| | | | | | |
Total cash and cash equivalents | | | 92,223,800 | | | | 148,514,755 | |
| | | | | | |
INVESTMENT SECURITIES | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value | | | 19,626,384 | | | | 20,187,330 | |
Equity securities available-for-sale, at fair value | | | 1,147,488 | | | | 637,829 | |
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, estimated fair value $11,081,097, and $14,536,822 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively | | | 10,969,311 | | | | 14,439,764 | |
Restricted equity securities | | | 2,439,100 | | | | 2,439,100 | |
| | | | | | |
Total investment securities | | | 34,182,283 | | | | 37,704,023 | |
| | | | | | |
LOANS | | | | | | | | |
Loans held-for-sale | | | 8,138,971 | | | | 7,537,832 | |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses and unearned loan fees | | | 858,691,380 | | | | 794,333,285 | |
| | | | | | |
Total loans | | | 866,830,351 | | | | 801,871,117 | |
| | | | | | |
OTHER ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | | | 21,500,300 | | | | 18,088,776 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 6,786,048 | | | | 6,517,903 | |
Goodwill | | | 7,389,094 | | | | 7,389,094 | |
Other assets | | | 13,795,753 | | | | 13,102,162 | |
| | | | | | |
Total other assets | | | 49,471,195 | | | | 45,097,935 | |
| | | | | | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 1,042,707,629 | | | $ | 1,033,187,830 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
DEPOSITS | | | | | | | | |
Non-interest bearing demand deposits | | $ | 224,091,709 | | | $ | 235,036,954 | |
Interest bearing demand deposits | | | 303,234,920 | | | | 313,432,917 | |
Savings accounts | | | 35,783,821 | | | | 35,455,947 | |
Time certificates | | | 359,782,460 | | | | 275,139,670 | |
| | | | | | |
Total deposits | | | 922,892,910 | | | | 859,065,488 | |
| | | | | | |
OTHER LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | |
Notes payable | | | 6,277,959 | | | | 70,014,313 | |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities | | | 7,174,928 | | | | 8,966,368 | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 4,124,000 | | | | 4,124,000 | |
| | | | | | |
Total other liabilities | | | 17,576,887 | | | | 83,104,681 | |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 940,469,797 | | | | 942,170,169 | |
| | | | | | |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 16) | | | | | | | | |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Common stock, no par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 10,043,572, and 9,979,537 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively | | | 55,393,110 | | | | 54,767,348 | |
Retained earnings | | | 46,764,304 | | | | 36,295,441 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | | | 80,418 | | | | (45,128 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 102,237,832 | | | | 91,017,661 | |
| | | | | | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | $ | 1,042,707,629 | | | $ | 1,033,187,830 | |
| | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
52
COLUMBIA BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
INTEREST INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and fees on loans | | $ | 75,104,128 | | | $ | 67,027,115 | | | $ | 50,571,586 | |
Interest on investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable investment securities | | | 1,102,856 | | | | 993,258 | | | | 746,378 | |
Nontaxable investment securities | | | 482,592 | | | | 548,389 | | | | 597,220 | |
Interest on federal funds sold | | | 1,984,829 | | | | 1,416,362 | | | | 1,177,151 | |
Other interest and dividend income | | | 849,197 | | | | 688,660 | | | | 496,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | | 79,523,602 | | | | 70,673,784 | | | | 53,588,479 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
INTEREST EXPENSE | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest on interest bearing demand deposit and savings accounts | | | 8,841,941 | | | | 6,931,301 | | | | 4,050,872 | |
Interest on time certificates | | | 16,616,063 | | | | 9,406,782 | | | | 5,892,640 | |
Other borrowed funds | | | 1,050,046 | | | | 1,664,267 | | | | 1,358,034 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | | 26,508,050 | | | | 18,002,350 | | | | 11,301,546 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | | | 53,015,552 | | | | 52,671,434 | | | | 42,286,933 | |
PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | | | 4,740,000 | | | | 2,900,000 | | | | 3,115,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | | | 48,275,552 | | | | 49,771,434 | | | | 39,171,933 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
NON-INTEREST INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service charges and fees | | | 4,404,498 | | | | 4,316,134 | | | | 4,733,439 | |
Mortgage banking revenue | | | 3,802,743 | | | | 3,175,893 | | | | 2,746,571 | |
Financial services revenue | | | 1,055,863 | | | | 870,787 | | | | 612,702 | |
Credit card discounts and fees | | | 561,496 | | | | 493,122 | | | | 484,310 | |
Net loss on sale or call of investment securities | | | (6,236 | ) | | | (46 | ) | | | (1,422 | ) |
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing asset | | | — | | | | — | | | | 560,588 | |
Other non-interest income | | | 1,021,800 | | | | 965,345 | | | | 1,052,233 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total non-interest income | | | 10,840,164 | | | | 9,821,235 | | | | 10,188,421 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and employee benefits | | | 20,426,717 | | | | 20,503,987 | | | | 16,529,743 | |
Occupancy expense | | | 4,697,444 | | | | 3,897,303 | | | | 3,124,787 | |
Item and statement processing | | | 812,731 | | | | 904,713 | | | | 771,003 | |
Advertising | | | 846,350 | | | | 805,381 | | | | 677,881 | |
Data processing expense | | | 576,968 | | | | 577,067 | | | | 461,526 | |
Other non-interest expense | | | 8,713,566 | | | | 7,684,201 | | | | 6,596,421 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total non-interest expense | | | 36,073,776 | | | | 34,372,652 | | | | 28,161,361 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | | | 23,041,940 | | | | 25,220,017 | | | | 21,198,993 | |
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | | | 8,560,080 | | | | 9,444,897 | | | | 7,528,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
NET INCOME | | | 14,481,860 | | | | 15,775,120 | | | | 13,670,162 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAXES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | | | 158,575 | | | | 100,383 | | | | (143,729 | ) |
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income | | | 3,919 | | | | — | | | | 901 | |
(Decrease) increase in fair value of interest rate swap | | | (36,948 | ) | | | (23,217 | ) | | | 100,821 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | | | 125,546 | | | | 77,166 | | | | (42,007 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | | $ | 14,607,406 | | | $ | 15,852,286 | | | $ | 13,628,155 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | $ | 1.45 | | | $ | 1.60 | | | $ | 1.39 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | $ | 1.42 | | | $ | 1.55 | | | $ | 1.36 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
53
COLUMBIA BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | Common Stock | | | Retained | | | Comprehensive | | | Shareholders’ | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | Earnings | | | Income/(Loss) | | | Equity | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2004 | | | 8,839,151 | | | $ | 32,140,776 | | | $ | 33,816,489 | | | $ | (80,287 | ) | | $ | 65,876,978 | |
Stock options exercised | | | 115,969 | | | | 936,853 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 936,853 | |
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised | | | — | | | | 410,137 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 410,137 | |
Stock awards granted | | | 16,658 | | | | 77,196 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 77,196 | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (6,370 | ) | | | (139,878 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (139,878 | ) |
Cash dividends, $0.36 per common share | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,296,951 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,296,951 | ) |
Net income and comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,670,162 | | | | (42,007 | ) | | | 13,628,155 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2005 | | | 8,965,408 | | | | 33,425,084 | | | | 44,189,700 | | | | (122,294 | ) | | | 77,492,490 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | 294,216 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 294,216 | |
Stock options exercised and stock awards granted | | | 119,119 | | | | 807,878 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 807,878 | |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | 484,336 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 484,336 | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (1,136 | ) | | | (31,070 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (31,070 | ) |
10% stock dividend and cash paid for fractional shares | | | 896,146 | | | | 19,786,904 | | | | (19,795,632 | ) | | | — | | | | (8,728 | ) |
Cash dividends, $0.39 per common share | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,873,747 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,873,747 | ) |
Net income and comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,775,120 | | | | 77,166 | | | | 15,852,286 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2006 | | | 9,979,537 | | | | 54,767,348 | | | | 36,295,441 | | | | (45,128 | ) | | | 91,017,661 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | 358,624 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 358,624 | |
Stock options exercised and stock awards granted | | | 94,013 | | | | 610,519 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 610,519 | |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | 185,342 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 185,342 | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (29,978 | ) | | | (528,723 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (528,723 | ) |
Cash dividends, $0.40 per common share | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,012,997 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,012,997 | ) |
Net income and comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,481,860 | | | | 125,546 | | | | 14,607,406 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2007 | | | 10,043,572 | | | $ | 55,393,110 | | | $ | 46,764,304 | | | $ | 80,418 | | | $ | 102,237,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
54
COLUMBIA BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 14,481,860 | | | $ | 15,775,120 | | | $ | 13,670,162 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (accretion) amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities | | | (57,923 | ) | | | (44,477 | ) | | | 45,676 | |
Net loss on sale or call of investment securities | | | 6,236 | | | | 46 | | | | 1,422 | |
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing asset | | | — | | | | — | | | | (560,588 | ) |
(Gain) loss on sale of loans | | | 704,823 | | | | (133,640 | ) | | | — | |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividend | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9,900 | ) |
Net loss on sale or write-down of property, equipment and other real estate owned | | | 49,485 | | | | 189,797 | | | | 34,308 | |
Depreciation and amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property, equipment and other | | | 2,531,659 | | | | 2,028,782 | | | | 1,728,331 | |
Mortgage servicing asset | | | — | | | | — | | | | 116,972 | |
Loss from limited partnerships | | | 119,216 | | | | 29,550 | | | | 88,702 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | | 358,624 | | | | 344,849 | | | | 169,785 | |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | (185,342 | ) | | | (484,336 | ) | | | — | |
Deferred income tax benefit | | | (598,021 | ) | | | (429,130 | ) | | | (1,861,826 | ) |
Provision for loan losses | | | 4,740,000 | | | | 2,900,000 | | | | 3,115,000 | |
Provision for losses from off-balance sheet financial instruments | | | 85,000 | | | | 73,000 | | | | — | |
Increase (decrease) in cash due to changes in certain assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans held-for-sale | | | 141,375,688 | | | | 100,016,040 | | | | 81,388,318 | |
Production of mortgage loans held-for-sale | | | (142,681,650 | ) | | | (101,674,552 | ) | | | (84,750,456 | ) |
Accrued interest receivable | | | (268,145 | ) | | | (902,805 | ) | | | (1,507,292 | ) |
Other assets | | | (510,245 | ) | | | 1,642,377 | | | | 611,374 | |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities | | | (1,439,778 | ) | | | 62,575 | | | | 2,326,300 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 18,711,487 | | | | 19,393,196 | | | | 14,606,288 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 100,000 | |
Proceeds from the maturity and call of available-for-sale securities | | | 8,935,000 | | | | 6,185,000 | | | | 9,000,000 | |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | | | (8,554,397 | ) | | | (8,953,633 | ) | | | (1,936,264 | ) |
Proceeds from the maturity or call of held-to-maturity securities | | | 3,660,637 | | | | 2,248,847 | | | | 3,624,719 | |
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities | | | (202,623 | ) | | | (205,907 | ) | | | (2,414,220 | ) |
Net change in loans made to customers | | | (69,645,746 | ) | | | (131,429,100 | ) | | | (103,398,240 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of loans | | | — | | | | 6,623,242 | | | | — | |
Investment in low-income housing tax credits | | | (225,379 | ) | | | (143,000 | ) | | | (109,750 | ) |
Investment in state tax credits | | | (124,683 | ) | | | (261,197 | ) | | | (190,815 | ) |
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage servicing asset | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,606,270 | |
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | | | 36,680 | | | | — | | | | 770,222 | |
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned | | | 200,127 | | | | — | | | | 188,896 | |
Proceeds from the sale of repossessed assets | | | 27,179 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Purchase of employee residence under relocation benefit | | | — | | | | (613,211 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from sale of employee residence under relocation benefit | | | 513,649 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Payments made for purchase of property and equipment | | | (5,975,929 | ) | | | (4,473,695 | ) | | | (3,009,489 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (71,355,485 | ) | | | (131,022,654 | ) | | | (94,768,671 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net change in demand deposit and savings accounts | | | (20,815,368 | ) | | | 44,277,719 | | | | 120,060,627 | |
Net change in time certificates | | | 84,642,790 | | | | 106,965,609 | | | | (19,182,030 | ) |
Net borrowings from (repayments of) short-term notes payable | | | (49,777,093 | ) | | | 29,777,093 | | | | 20,000,030 | |
Repayments of long-term borrowings | | | (13,959,261 | ) | | | (5,453,731 | ) | | | (9,198,643 | ) |
Dividends paid and cash paid for fractional shares | | | (4,005,163 | ) | | | (3,772,096 | ) | | | (3,204,900 | ) |
Proceeds from stock options exercised | | | 610,519 | | | | 807,878 | | | | 936,853 | |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | 185,342 | | | | 484,336 | | | | — | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (528,723 | ) | | | (31,070 | ) | | | (139,878 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | (3,646,957 | ) | | | 173,055,738 | | | | 109,272,059 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | (56,290,955 | ) | | | 61,426,280 | | | | 29,109,676 | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year | | | 148,514,755 | | | | 87,088,475 | | | | 57,978,799 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year | | $ | 92,223,800 | | | $ | 148,514,755 | | | $ | 87,088,475 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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COLUMBIA BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid in cash | | $ | 20,470,027 | | | $ | 17,933,603 | | | $ | 11,490,935 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Taxes paid in cash | | $ | 8,800,000 | | | $ | 9,125,000 | | | $ | 9,326,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASHINVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | | $ | 162,494 | | | $ | 100,383 | | | $ | (142,828 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest-rate swap, net of tax | | $ | (36,948 | ) | | $ | (23,217 | ) | | $ | 100,821 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash dividend declared and payable after year-end | | $ | 1,005,788 | | | $ | 997,954 | | | $ | 887,575 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Transfers of loans to other real estate owned | | $ | 547,651 | | | $ | 202,850 | | | $ | 84,453 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Reclassify liability for off-balance-sheet financial instrument credit losses | | $ | — | | | $ | 690,000 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
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NOTE 1 ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and nature of operations– Columbia Bancorp (“Columbia”) was incorporated October 3, 1995, and became the holding company of Columbia River Bank (the “Bank”) effective January 1, 1996. Substantially all activity of Columbia is conducted through its subsidiary bank. The Bank is a state-chartered financial institution authorized to provide banking services in the states of Oregon and Washington. Columbia and the Bank are subject to regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.
The Bank provides retail and commercial banking services, including lending, deposit accounts and other ancillary services. The Bank originates and sells residential mortgage loans into the secondary market. The Bank also offers a wide range of non-Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial products and services to consumers through arrangements with Primevest Financial Services, Inc., a registered securities broker-dealer.
With its administrative headquarters in The Dalles, Oregon, the Bank operates 22 branch facilities: 15 in Oregon and 7 in Washington. Oregon branches are located in Wasco, Hood River, Deschutes, Jefferson, Umatilla, Clackamas and Yamhill counties of Oregon. Washington branches are located in Klickitat, Benton, Franklin, Clark, and Yakima counties of Washington.
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between Columbia and its subsidiary have been eliminated in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Management’s estimates and assumptions– Preparation of the consolidated financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet, and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Calculation of the allowance for loan losses, the fair value of financial instruments and the impairment of goodwill represent the most significant Management estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents– Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from other banks, interest bearing deposits with other banks and federal funds sold. Cash and due from banks include amounts the Bank is required to maintain to meet certain average reserve and compensating balance requirements of the Federal Reserve. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Bank had no reserve requirement to be maintained at the Federal Reserve; however, total clearing balance requirements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $400,000.
Investment securities– Columbia is required to specifically identify its investment securities as “held-to-maturity,” “available-for-sale,” or “trading.” Management has determined that all investment securities held as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 were either “held-to-maturity” or “available-for-sale” and conform to the following accounting policies:
Securities held-to-maturity– Bonds, notes and debentures for which Columbia has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at cost, adjusted for premiums and discounts that are recognized in interest income, using the interest method over the period to maturity.
Securities available-for-sale– Available-for-sale securities consist of bonds, notes, debentures and certain equity securities not classified as held-to-maturity securities. Securities are generally classified as available-for-sale if the instrument may be sold in response to factors such as (1) changes in market interest rates and related changes in the prepayment risk, (2) needs for liquidity, (3) changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative instruments and (4) changes in funding sources and terms. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities are reported as other comprehensive income or loss and carried as accumulated comprehensive income or loss within shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values for these investment securities are based on quoted market prices. Gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are calculated using the specific-identification method. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the period to maturity.
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Declines in the fair value of individual held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities, below their cost, that are other-than-temporary result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The related write-downs are included in earnings as realized losses. At each financial statement date, Management assesses each investment to determine if impaired investments are temporarily impaired or if the impairment is other-than-temporary based upon the positive and negative evidence available. Evidence evaluated includes, but is not limited to, industry analyst reports, credit market conditions and interest rate trends. A decline in the market value of any security below cost that is deemed other-than-temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security.
Restricted equity securities– Columbia’s equity investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle and the Federal Agriculture Mortgage Corporation are classified as restricted equity securities since ownership of these instruments is restricted and there is no active market for them. These investments are carried at cost.
Loans held-for-sale– Loans held-for-sale consist primarily of residential mortgage loans originated by the Bank that are intended to be sold in the secondary market. Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Fair value is determined on an aggregate loan basis. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, loans held-for-sale were carried at cost, which approximated fair market value.
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses and unearned loan fees– Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by an allowance for loan losses and by unearned loan fees, net of deferred loan costs. Interest on loans is calculated using the simple-interest method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield over the life of the related loan.
The Bank does not accrue interest on loans for which payment in full of principal and interest is not expected, or for which payment of principal or interest has been in default 90 days or more, unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. Non-accrual loans are considered impaired loans. Each impaired loan is carried at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s market price, or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Cash payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Large groups of smaller balance, homogeneous loans may be collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Bank may not separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for evaluation of impairment.
The allowance for loan losses represents an estimate of probable losses associated with the Bank’s loan portfolio and deposit account overdrafts. The estimate is based on evaluations of loan collectability and prior loan loss experience. Evaluations consider factors such as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to pay.
Increases to the allowance for loan losses occur when amounts are expensed to the provision for loan losses or previously charged-off loans are recovered; decreases occur when uncollectible loans are charged-off.
Various regulatory agencies, as a regular part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment of information available to them at the time of the examinations.
Property and equipment– Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 7 years for furniture and equipment, and an average of 311/2 years for building premises. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed over the life of the related lease, or the life of the related asset, whichever is shorter. Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the useful life of the assets are expensed.
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Management reviews long-lived and intangible assets any time that a change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the forecasted undiscounted cash flows of the operation associated with the asset. If the evaluation of the forecasted cash flows indicates that the carrying value of the asset is not recoverable, the asset is written down to fair value.
Goodwill– Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired from the purchase of Valley Community Bancorp in 1998. The Bank previously amortized goodwill on a straight-line basis over a 15-year period until December 31, 2001. Following the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” the Bank ceased amortization effective January 1, 2002. As required by SFAS No. 142, the Bank assesses goodwill impairment on an annual basis. Goodwill impairment exists if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. No impairment of goodwill has been identified during the initial and subsequent annual assessments.
Investment in limited partnerships– Columbia has a 10.00% interest in Homestead Equity Fund A – Oregon and a 5.56% interest in Homestead Western Communities Fund L.P. Both partnerships own and operate low-income housing projects. The investments are part of Columbia’s ongoing compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. Columbia receives tax benefits in the form of deductions for operating losses and tax credits. The tax credits may be used to reduce taxes currently payable or may be carried back one year or forward 20 years to recapture or reduce taxes. Columbia uses the equity method to account for its interest in the partnerships’ operating results; tax credits are recorded in the years they become available to reduce income taxes.
Other real estate owned– Other real estate owned represents property acquired through foreclosure or deeds in lieu of foreclosure and is carried at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Net realizable value is determined based on real estate appraisals less estimated selling costs. When property is acquired, any excess of the loan balance over its estimated net realizable value is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent write-downs to net realizable value, if any, or any disposition gains or losses are included in non-interest income and expense. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, other real estate owned totaled $515,701 and $202,850, respectively.
Income taxes– Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized.
Effective January 1, 2007, Columbia adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainties in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48) and it did not have a significant impact on Columbia’s financial position or results of operations. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and also provides guidance on the derecognition of previously recorded benefits and their classification, as well as the proper recording of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transition. As of the January 1, 2007 date of adoption of FIN 48 and as of December 31, 2007, Columbia had an insignificant amount of unrecognized tax benefits, none of which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized. Columbia does not anticipate that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months. Columbia’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in the “Provision for Income Taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The amount of interest and penalties accrued for the year ended December 31, 2007 was immaterial. Columbia files consolidated U.S. federal and Oregon income tax returns. The tax years which remain subject to examination by the taxing authorities are the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, and 2006.
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Advertising– Advertising costs are charged to expense during the year in which they are incurred. Advertising expenses include promotional expenses such as public relations costs and donations, and were $846,350, $805,381, and $677,881 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Earnings per share– Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, after giving retroactive effect to stock dividends and splits. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Included in the denominator is the dilutive effect of stock options and awards computed by the treasury stock method.
Share-based payment– On January 1, 2006, Columbia adopted FASB SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment” that requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective transition method, which requires adoption as of January 1, 2006, the first day of Columbia’s 2006 fiscal year. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, Columbia’s consolidated financial statements for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS No. 123(R). Upon adoption, Columbia elected to use the short-cut method provided by FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-3 to calculate the pool of excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies recognized subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R). Adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) did not have a significant effect on Columbia’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
SFAS No. 123(R) supersedes Columbia’s previous accounting under the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25. As permitted by APB No. 25, Columbia measured compensation cost for options granted prior to December 31, 2005 using the intrinsic value method. Accordingly, compensation cost was recognized as the difference between the exercise price of each option and the market price of Columbia’s common stock at the date of each grant. Additional information on the effects of share-based compensation is included in Note 2, including the pro-forma effect had Columbia applied the fair value recognition provision of SFAS No. 123 “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” in prior periods.
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments– In the ordinary course of business, the Bank enters into off-balance-sheet financial instruments including commitments to extend credit, commitments under credit card arrangements, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. These financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received. Columbia monitors these off-balance-sheet items regularly along with its liquidity position to ensure funds are available if these commitments are funded.
Derivative financial instruments– Derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Accounting for gains or losses from changes in a derivative instrument’s fair value is contingent upon whether the derivative instrument qualifies as a hedge.
Derivative instruments are designated as either (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge), or (3) a hedge for trading, customer accommodation, or not qualifying for hedge accounting (free-standing derivative instruments).
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For a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument and changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability, or of an unrecognized firm commitment attributable to the hedged risk are recorded in current period net income. For a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument, to the extent that it is effective, are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax, within shareholders’ equity and subsequently reclassified to net income in the same period that the hedged transaction impacts net income. For free-standing derivative instruments, changes in the fair values are reported in current period net income.
Columbia formally documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking any hedge transaction. This process includes linking all derivative instruments that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific forecasted transactions. Columbia uses an interest-rate swap to mitigate the variability of interest payments on its junior subordinated debentures.
Fair value of financial instruments– The following methods and assumptions were used by Columbia in estimating fair values of financial instruments as disclosed herein:
Held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, equity securities and restricted equity securities– Fair values for investment securities, excluding restricted equity securities, are based on quoted market prices. The carrying value of restricted equity securities approximates fair value.
Loans receivable– The carrying value of variable rate loans that re-price frequently and have no significant change in credit risk approximates fair value. Fair values for certain mortgage loans (for example, one-to-four family residential loans), credit card loans, and other consumer loans are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. Fair values for fixed-rate commercial real estate and commercial loans are estimated using a present value of future expected cash flow methodology. The carrying value of impaired loans approximates fair value.
Deposit liabilities– The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of time certificates of deposit is estimated using a present value of future cash flow methodology. Present value is measured using current market interest rates and contractual cash flows.
Short-term borrowings– The carrying value of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings maturing within 90 days approximates fair value. Fair values of other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Bank’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
Long-term debt– The fair value of Columbia’s long-term debt is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on Columbia’s current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
Off-balance-sheet instruments– The Bank’s off-balance-sheet instruments include unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby and performance letters of credit. The fair value of these instruments is not considered practicable to estimate because of the lack of quoted market prices and the inability to estimate fair value without incurring excessive costs.
Recently issued accounting standards– In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of this standard apply to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Management does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 157 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.” SFAS No. 158 requires employers to recognize the funded status of defined benefit postretirement plans as a net asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also requires employers to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. The new reporting requirements and related new footnote disclosure rules of SFAS No. 158 are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006. The new measurement date requirement applies for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. Management does not expect the new measurement date requirement of SFAS No. 158 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS No. 159 permits companies to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value. The standard is designed to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, or if adopted early, within 120 days of the fiscal year of adoption. Management does not expect SFAS No. 159 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a final consensus on Issue 06-04, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” EITF 06-04 addresses employer accounting for endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide a benefit to an employee that extends to postretirement periods and requires the employer to recognize a liability for future benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions",or Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 12, “Omnibus Opinion—1967".EITF 06-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The effects of applying this Issue are recognized through either (a) a change in accounting principle through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings or to other components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the year of adoption or (b) a change in accounting principle through retrospective application to all prior periods. Columbia has an endorsement split-dollar life insurance policy that serves as a post-employment benefit to a covered employee. Upon adoption on January 1, 2008, Columbia will recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $60,000.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Revised 2007 (“SFAS No. 141(R)”), “Business Combinations.” SFAS No. 141(R)’s objective is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period on or after December 31, 2008. Management does not expect the implementation of SFAS No. 141(R) to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.” SFAS No. 160’s objective is to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements by establishing accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Management is currently evaluating the future impacts and disclosures of this standard.
Reclassifications– Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2006 and 2005 consolidated financial statements to conform with the current year presentations. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income.
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NOTE 2 SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
In 1999, Columbia adopted a stock incentive plan that allows for grants of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options and other stock bonuses to both employees and directors. The plan was amended by the Board of Directors and ratified by the shareholders in 2002. Columbia issues new shares when options are exercised or when other stock bonuses are awarded. The plan, as amended, authorized a total of 977,259 shares of common stock, adjusted for stock dividends and splits, for grants stock options and awards.
From 2001 to 2007, Columbia granted 520,643 shares outside of the 1999 stock incentive plan amended in 2002. Columbia is seeking shareholder approval for these past grants at the 2008 Annual Shareholders Meeting. If shareholder approval is not obtained, Executive Management and the Board of Directors have agreed to forfeit all outstanding stock options and vested and unvested stock awards for the aforementioned period, which totals 250,523 stock options and 32,090 stock awards. Stock option and award grants to all other employees are not affected by the outcome of the shareholder vote.
Stock Options
Stock option grants are typically awarded to employees with a minimum number of years of service and vest immediately; however, certain option grants have contained four year vesting provisions. Under Columbia’s stock incentive plan, incentive stock option exercise prices cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant and contractual terms cannot exceed ten years. For each stock option grant, the Board of Directors determines and approves option exercise prices, numbers of options granted, vesting periods and expiration periods. Compensation expense related to options is recognized over the requisite service period based on the estimated fair value of the option on the grant date.
Columbia uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The Black-Scholes model requires the estimation of option forfeitures and uses a number of other assumptions, including volatility of Columbia’s stock price, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, and weighted-average expected life of the options.
The expected life of stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. It is based upon an analysis of the historical behavior of options holders, which Management believes is representative of future exercise behavior.
The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical daily price data of Columbia’s stock over a period equivalent to the weighted-average expected life of the stock options. Management evaluates whether there are factors during the period which are unusual and which would distort the volatility figure if used to estimate future volatility.
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon U.S. Treasury rates consistent with the expected life of Columbia’s stock options.
No stock options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. The estimated fair value of options and assumptions were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2005:
| | | | |
| | 2005 |
Dividend yield | | | 1.82% | |
Expected life | | 6 years |
Expected volatilty | | | 40.84% | |
Risk-free rate | | | 2.05% - 3.91% | |
Weighted-average grant date fair value per option | | | $6.67 | |
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Stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2007 was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Weighted Average | | | Aggregate | |
| | Number | | | Weighted Average | | | Remaining | | | Intrinsic Value | |
| | of Shares | | | Exercise Price | | | Contractual Term | | | (in thousands) | |
Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2006 | | | 513,768 | | | $ | 11.62 | | | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | — | | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
Exercised | | | (67,909 | ) | | | 9.32 | | | | | | | | | |
Forfeited or expired | | | (1,265 | ) | | | 16.03 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2007 | | | 444,594 | | | $ | 11.96 | | | | 4.95 | | | $ | 2,220 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock options exercisable, December 31, 2007 | | | 438,434 | | | $ | 11.91 | | | | 4.93 | | | $ | 2,216 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options was negligible. Tax benefits realized from stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $185,342, $484,336 and $410,137, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $805,022, $1.62 million and $1.29 million, respectively.
Stock Awards
Stock awards are granted to executive, senior management and other select employees and directors at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Historically, grants to executive and senior management employees have vested over three to four years based on continued employment. During 2006, stock awards granted to directors vested immediately. Columbia’s Board of Directors determines and approves the numbers of shares awarded, vesting periods and other conditions. Stock award recipients do not pay cash consideration for the shares and have the right to vote and receive dividends on unvested shares. Compensation expense related to stock awards is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of Columbia’s stock on the grant date.
Unvested stock award activity during the year ended December 31, 2007 was as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Weighted Average |
| | Number | | Grant Date |
| | of Shares | | Fair Value |
Unvested stock awards, December 31, 2006 | | | 22,825 | | | $ | 21.98 | |
Granted | | | 29,900 | | | | 20.62 | |
Vested | | | (13,063 | ) | | | 21.08 | |
Forfeited | | | (6,610 | ) | | | 21.31 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Unvested stock awards, December 31, 2007 | | | 33,052 | | | $ | 21.24 | |
| | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock awards totaled $595,130 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.85 years. The total fair value of stock awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $248,630, and $265,382, respectively.
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Phantom Stock
In 2002, Columbia granted its Chief Executive Officer 17,340 units of phantom stock at $8.15 per unit, retroactively adjusted for stock dividends and splits, and exercisable after December 31, 2002. Columbia accrued or reduced expense based on the difference between the fair value of its common stock and the phantom stock exercise price at each period-end measurement date. Columbia’s liability for the phantom stock grant totaled $241,546 as of December 31, 2005 based on the fair value of Columbia’s common stock. In September 2006, all phantom stock units were exercised at $25.00 per unit, resulting in a net cash payment of $292,179. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, no phantom stock units were outstanding.
Share-based compensation and tax benefits recognized in the income statement were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | Share-Based | | | Recognized | | | Share-Based | | | Recognized | | | Share-Based | | | Recognized | |
| | Compensation | | | Tax Benefits | | | Compensation | | | Tax Benefits | | | Compensation | | | Tax Benefits | |
Stock awards | | $ | 348,706 | | | $ | 129,544 | | | $ | 273,089 | | | $ | 102,272 | | | $ | 95,594 | | | $ | 34,987 | |
Stock options | | | 9,918 | | | | 3,685 | | | | 21,126 | | | | 7,912 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Phantom stock | | | — | | | | — | | | | 50,634 | | | | 18,962 | | | | 74,191 | | | | 27,154 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 358,624 | | | $ | 133,229 | | | $ | 344,849 | | | $ | 129,146 | | | $ | 169,785 | | | $ | 62,141 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table presents the pro forma effect on net income and earnings per share if Columbia had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 in periods prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R):
| | | | |
(dollars in thousands except per share data) | | 2005 | |
Net income, as reported | | $ | 13,670 | |
| | | | |
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value methods for all awards, net of related tax effects | | | (508 | ) |
| | | |
Pro forma net income | | $ | 13,162 | |
| | | |
| | | | |
Earnings per share: | | | | |
Basic — as reported | | $ | 1.39 | |
Basic — pro forma | | | 1.34 | |
Diluted — as reported | | | 1.36 | |
Diluted — pro forma | | | 1.31 | |
65
NOTE 3 INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | Estimated | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Fair | |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
December 31, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | | $ | 19,296,799 | | | $ | 135,263 | | | $ | (13,833 | ) | | $ | 19,418,229 | |
Municipal securities | | | 205,123 | | | | 3,032 | | | | — | | | | 208,155 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 19,501,922 | | | $ | 138,295 | | | $ | (13,833 | ) | | $ | 19,626,384 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities available-for-sale | | $ | 1,161,182 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (13,694 | ) | | $ | 1,147,488 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 2,170,764 | | | $ | 14,738 | | | $ | (21,879 | ) | | $ | 2,163,623 | |
Municipal securities | | | 8,798,547 | | | | 147,372 | | | | (28,445 | ) | | | 8,917,474 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 10,969,311 | | | $ | 162,110 | | | $ | (50,324 | ) | | $ | 11,081,097 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | Estimated | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Fair | |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
December 31, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | | $ | 20,005,620 | | | $ | 15,474 | | | $ | (194,364 | ) | | $ | 19,826,730 | |
Municipal securities | | | 355,243 | | | | 5,357 | | | | — | | | | 360,600 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 20,360,863 | | | $ | 20,831 | | | $ | (194,364 | ) | | $ | 20,187,330 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities available-for-sale | | $ | 618,718 | | | $ | 29,250 | | | $ | (10,139 | ) | | $ | 637,829 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 3,129,384 | | | $ | 10,381 | | | $ | (57,249 | ) | | $ | 3,082,516 | |
Municipal securities | | | 11,230,085 | | | | 179,829 | | | | (34,440 | ) | | | 11,375,474 | |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | | | 80,295 | | | | — | | | | (1,463 | ) | | | 78,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 14,439,764 | | | $ | 190,210 | | | $ | (93,152 | ) | | $ | 14,536,822 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
66
Restricted equity securities consisted of the following as of December 31:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle stock | | $ | 2,429,700 | | | $ | 2,429,700 | |
Federal Agriculture Mortgage Corporation stock | | | 9,400 | | | | 9,400 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,439,100 | | | $ | 2,439,100 | |
| | | | | | |
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or more | | | Total | |
| | | | | | Unrealized | | | | | | | Unrealized | | | | | | | Unrealized | |
| | Fair Value | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Losses | |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,973,730 | | | $ | 13,833 | | | $ | 4,973,730 | | | $ | 13,833 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 13,512 | | | | 32 | | | | 1,623,858 | | | | 21,847 | | | | 1,637,370 | | | | 21,879 | |
Municipal securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,523,902 | | | | 28,445 | | | | 1,523,902 | | | | 28,445 | |
Equity securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,133,794 | | | | 13,694 | | | | 1,133,794 | | | | 13,694 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 13,512 | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 9,255,284 | | | $ | 77,819 | | | $ | 9,268,796 | | | $ | 77,851 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair values are compared to current carrying values to determine whether a security is in a gain or loss position. Due to changes in market interest rates since the purchase date, 13 securities were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2007.
Unrealized losses on obligations of U.S. government agency securities resulted from interest rate increases subsequent to the purchase of the securities. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par. Because Columbia has the ability and intent to hold these investments until a market price recovery or to maturity, these securities are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
Unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities resulted from interest rate increases subsequent to the purchase of the securities. The securities are not expected to be settled at less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because Columbia has the ability and intent to hold these investments until a market price recovery or to maturity, these securities are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
Unrealized losses on municipal securities resulted from interest rate increases subsequent to the purchase of the securities. Management monitors published credit ratings of these securities and no material adverse ratings changes have occurred in the portfolio from the purchase date to December 31, 2007. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because Columbia has the ability and intent to hold these investments until a market price recovery or to maturity, these securities are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
Equity securities in an unrealized loss position consisted of a mutual fund investment. The mutual fund invests primarily in debt securities to support community development projects and is part of Columbia’s ongoing compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. Unrealized losses on the mutual fund resulted from interest rate increases subsequent to the purchase of the investment. Because Columbia has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market price recovery, this security is not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
67
Gross realized gains and losses from the call of investment securities were $1,657 and $7,893, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2007. Gross realized losses from the maturity of investment securities totaled $46 for the year ended December 31, 2006. Gross realized gains and losses from the sale of investment securities were $913 and $2,335, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2005.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2007, by contractual maturity, are presented below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Available-for-Sale | | | Held-to-Maturity | |
| | | | | | Estimated | | | | | | | Estimated | |
| | Amortized | | | Fair | | | Amortized | | | Fair | |
| | Cost | | | Value | | | Cost | | | Value | |
Due in one year or less | | $ | 9,200,640 | | | $ | 9,198,477 | | | $ | 653,437 | | | $ | 653,068 | |
Due in one year through five years | | | 6,301,282 | | | | 6,347,594 | | | | 6,899,455 | | | | 6,983,910 | |
Due in five years through ten years | | | 4,000,000 | | | | 4,080,313 | | | | 3,112,390 | | | | 3,138,400 | |
Due after ten years | | | — | | | | — | | | | 304,029 | | | | 305,719 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | 19,501,922 | | | | 19,626,384 | | | | 10,969,311 | | | | 11,081,097 | |
Equity securities | | | 1,161,182 | | | | 1,147,488 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 20,663,104 | | | $ | 20,773,872 | | | $ | 10,969,311 | | | $ | 11,081,097 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the purpose of the maturity table, mortgage-backed securities, which are not due at a single maturity date, have been allocated over maturity groupings based on the weighted-average contractual maturities of underlying collateral. Mortgage-backed securities may mature earlier than their weighted-average contractual maturities because of principal prepayments.
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, investment securities with an amortized cost of $22.22 million and $23.30 million, respectively, were pledged to secure notes payable at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank and public or other deposits, as required by law.
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NOTE 4 LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The loan portfolio consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Commercial | | $ | 129,018,049 | | | $ | 136,582,138 | |
Agriculture | | | 70,095,363 | | | | 86,217,945 | |
Real estate | | | 354,576,120 | | | | 347,525,929 | |
Real estate – construction | | | 294,397,845 | | | | 212,825,973 | |
Consumer | | | 11,630,205 | | | | 12,540,381 | |
Credit card and other loans | | | 11,207,851 | | | | 10,212,287 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 870,925,433 | | | | 805,904,653 | |
Less allowance for loan losses | | | (11,174,199 | ) | | | (10,143,338 | ) |
Less unearned loan fees | | | (1,059,854 | ) | | | (1,428,030 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses and unearned loan fees | | $ | 858,691,380 | | | $ | 794,333,285 | |
| | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, impaired loans totaled $9.95 million and $4.99 million, respectively. The Bank’s average investment in impaired loans was approximately $6.75 million, $4.04 million and $6.38 million during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The total allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans was approximately $2.46 million and $1.93 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. If non-performing loans had performed according to their original terms, additional interest income of $881,096, $435,118 and $455,318 would have been recognized in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. No interest income was recognized on impaired loans during the period of impairment.
Demand and savings deposit overdrafts reclassified as loans totaled $529,634, and $640,155 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, loans with a carrying value of $226.32 million were pledged as collateral for borrowings at Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, loans with a carrying value of $6.62 million were sold at a gain of $133,640.
Changes in the allowance for loan losses were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
BALANCE, beginning of year | | $ | 10,143,338 | | | $ | 9,525,524 | | | $ | 8,184,488 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 4,740,000 | | | | 2,900,000 | | | | 3,115,000 | |
Loans charged off | | | (4,018,226 | ) | | | (1,930,859 | ) | | | (1,963,225 | ) |
Loan recoveries | | | 309,087 | | | | 338,673 | | | | 189,261 | |
Reclassify liability for off-balance-sheet financial instrument credit losses | | | — | | | | (690,000 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, end of year | | $ | 11,174,199 | | | $ | 10,143,338 | | | $ | 9,525,524 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
69
NOTE 5 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Major classifications of property and equipment were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Land | | $ | 5,660,500 | | | $ | 3,876,794 | |
Construction in progress | | | 1,777,450 | | | | 554,918 | |
Buildings and improvements | | | 13,768,208 | | | | 13,053,216 | |
Furniture and equipment | | | 13,005,984 | | | | 10,885,212 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total property and equipment | | | 34,212,142 | | | | 28,370,140 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (12,711,842 | ) | | | (10,281,364 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | | $ | 21,500,300 | | | $ | 18,088,776 | |
| | | | | | |
For certain bank branch facilities, Columbia leases office space to third parties. Minimum future rental income from non-cancelable leases is as follows for the years ending December 31:
| | | | |
2008 | | $ | 138,151 | |
2009 | | | 99,901 | |
2010 | | | 7,938 | |
| | | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 245,990 | |
| | | |
NOTE 6 TIME CERTIFICATES
Time certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over, aggregated $95.74 million and $78.49 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, scheduled maturities for all time certificates are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Years ending December 31, | | 2008 | | | | | | $ | 239,475,044 | |
| | 2009 | | | | | | | 106,538,532 | |
| | 2010 | | | | | | | 9,823,129 | |
| | 2011 | | | | | | | 1,298,342 | |
| | 2012 | | | | | | | 2,466,716 | |
| | Thereafter | | | | | | | 180,697 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | $ | 359,782,460 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
70
NOTE 7 LINES OF CREDIT AND BORROWED FUNDS
The Bank has federal funds line of credit agreements with eight financial institutions and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Maximum aggregate borrowings available under these credit lines totaled $66.40 million. Borrowings are uncollateralized. These credit lines support short-term liquidity requirements and cannot be used for more than 1 to 30 consecutive business days, depending on the lending institution. Interest rates on outstanding borrowings range from 3.850% to 5.00%. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were no borrowings outstanding under these agreements.
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Seattle and has entered into credit arrangements with the FHLB under which authorized borrowings are collateralized by the Bank’s FHLB stock as well as loans or other instruments which may be pledged. Interest rates on outstanding borrowings range from 2.81% to 6.08%. As of December 31, 2007, maximum FHLB borrowings were limited to $103.34 million, of which $97.92 million was currently available based on outstanding borrowings and collateral balances.
FHLB borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | | | | | Weighted- | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted- | |
| | Maturity | | | Average | | | | | | | Maturity | | | Average | |
Amount | | Year | | | Interest Rate | | | Amount | | | Year | | | Interest Rate | |
$4,989,958 | | | 2008 | | | | 3.93 | % | | $ | 61,500,000 | | | | 2007 | | | | 5.45 | % |
751,613 | | | 2009 | | | | 2.81 | % | | | 5,929,957 | | | | 2008 | | | | 3.25 | % |
536,388 | | | 2013 | | | | 5.47 | % | | | 1,351,613 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2.81 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | 605,650 | | | | 2013 | | | | 5.47 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$5,427,959 | | | | | | | 3.36 | % | | $ | 69,387,220 | | | | | | | | 5.21 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Bank also participates in the U.S. Treasury Department’s Treasury Investment Program, which facilitates the acceptance and processing of federal tax deposits. Under this program, the Bank is authorized to accumulate daily tax payments up to authorized limits, and deploy the funds in short-term investments. In exchange, the Bank is required to issue a fully collateralized demand note to the U.S. Treasury and pay interest at the federal funds rate minus 25 basis points (4.00% as of December 31, 2007, and 5.04% as of December 31, 2006). As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Bank had $850,000 and $627,093, respectively, outstanding under this program.
NOTE 8 JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
In December 2002, Columbia formed a wholly-owned Delaware statutory business trust subsidiary, Columbia Bancorp Trust I (the “Trust”), which issued $4.00 million of guaranteed undivided beneficial interests in Columbia’s Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (“Trust Preferred Securities”). These debentures qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines. All of the common securities of the Trust are owned by Columbia.
Proceeds from the issuance of the common securities and the Trust Preferred Securities were used by the Trust to purchase $4.12 million of junior subordinated debentures of Columbia. The debentures, which represent the sole asset of the Trust, accrue and pay distributions quarterly at a variable rate of 90-day LIBOR plus 3.27% per annum (8.54% as of December 31, 2007 and 8.66% as of December 31, 2006) of the stated liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security.
71
Columbia entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (1) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Preferred Securities, (2) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Preferred Securities called for redemption by the Trust and (3) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of the Trust. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the debentures on January 7, 2033, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. On January 7, 2008, Columbia exercised its right to redeem the debentures purchased by the Trust. The redemption resulted in the payment of principal and accrued interest totaling $4.21 million.
For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, Columbia’s interest expense related to the Trust Preferred Securities totaled $360,815, $352,915, and $279,811, respectively.
In March 2004, Columbia deconsolidated the Trust, in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” As a result, the junior subordinated debentures issued by Columbia to the issuer trusts, totaling $4.12 million, are reflected on Columbia’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, under the caption “Junior Subordinated Debentures.” Columbia also recognized its $124,000 investment in the Trust, which is recorded among “Other Assets” in its consolidated balance sheet.
NOTE 9 INTEREST-RATE SWAP
During January 2003, in connection with the issuance of $4.00 million of floating-rate Trust Preferred Securities described in Note 8, Columbia entered into an interest-rate swap agreement with an unrelated third party. Under the terms of the agreement, which expired in January 2008, Columbia paid 3.27% interest on a notional amount of $4.00 million and received interest at the 90-day LIBOR rate on the same notional amount. The effect of this transaction was the conversion of the $4.00 million trust preferred issuance from a floating rate of 90-day LIBOR plus 330 basis points (8.54% as of December 31, 2007 and 8.66% as of December 31, 2006) to a fixed rate of 6.57% for five years, at which point Columbia had the option to call the Trust Preferred Securities. Columbia has classified the swap agreement as a cash flow hedge in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”
For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the hedge was highly effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Due to changes in interest rates, the interest-rate swap had a positive fair value of $20,850, and $80,924 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The value of the swap is recorded as an asset among “Other Assets” on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of the swap are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the fair value of the swap, net of income taxes, is recorded in “Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)” on the consolidated balance sheet and totaled $12,739 and $49,687, respectively. Columbia records interest income or expense depending on whether the swap amount is a net receipt or payment. Interest income related to the swap totaled $83,481, $75,646 and $10,008 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
72
NOTE 10 INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Current tax expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | 8,062,483 | | | $ | 8,682,850 | | | $ | 8,489,103 | |
State | | | 1,095,618 | | | | 1,191,177 | | | | 901,554 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 9,158,101 | | | | 9,874,027 | | | | 9,390,657 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax (benefit) expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | (503,597 | ) | | | (361,373 | ) | | | (1,567,853 | ) |
State | | | (94,424 | ) | | | (67,757 | ) | | | (293,973 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (598,021 | ) | | | (429,130 | ) | | | (1,861,826 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | | $ | 8,560,080 | | | $ | 9,444,897 | | | $ | 7,528,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The net deferred tax asset consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses | | $ | 4,676,635 | | | $ | 4,209,846 | |
Deferred compensation | | | 754,954 | | | | 599,811 | |
Purchased state tax credits | | | 348,964 | | | | 466,217 | |
Accrued bankcard rewards | | | 110,931 | | | | — | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 45,871 | | | | 8,034 | |
Unrealized losses on investment securities | | | — | | | | 59,607 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 5,937,355 | | | | 5,343,515 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | (897,436 | ) | | | (912,663 | ) |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends | | | (356,851 | ) | | | (354,099 | ) |
Prepaid expenses | | | (348,320 | ) | | | (219,472 | ) |
Unrealized gains on investment securities | | | (43,089 | ) | | | — | |
Unrealized gains on interest rate swap | | | (8,111 | ) | | | (31,237 | ) |
Other | | | (82,584 | ) | | | (26,278 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | (1,736,391 | ) | | | (1,543,749 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 4,200,964 | | | $ | 3,799,766 | |
| | | | | | |
Purchased tax credits totaling $348,964 will be utilized to offset future state income taxes. Unless utilized in earlier periods, these tax credits will expire in 2017. Based on historical financial performance, deferred tax assets are expected to be realized in the normal course of operations. Accordingly, deferred tax assets are not reduced by a valuation allowance.
73
A reconciliation between the federal tax rate and the effective tax rate follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Federal income taxes at statutory rate | | $ | 8,064,679 | | | $ | 8,827,006 | | | $ | 7,419,648 | |
State income tax expense, net of federal income tax benefit | | | 864,127 | | | | 857,884 | | | | 529,228 | |
Tax-exempt interest income | | | (149,872 | ) | | | (175,077 | ) | | | (126,688 | ) |
Purchased state tax credits | | | (100,243 | ) | | | (94,718 | ) | | | (69,303 | ) |
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies | | | (91,552 | ) | | | (87,855 | ) | | | (85,008 | ) |
Other | | | (27,059 | ) | | | 117,657 | | | | (139,046 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | | $ | 8,560,080 | | | $ | 9,444,897 | | | $ | 7,528,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Effective tax rate | | | 37.15 | % | | | 37.45 | % | | | 35.52 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 11 EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share, retroactively adjusted for stock dividends and splits, for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Income available to common shareholders | | $ | 14,481,860 | | | $ | 15,775,120 | | | $ | 13,670,162 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | | | 9,982,386 | | | | 9,889,978 | | | | 9,802,876 | |
Basic earnings per share | | $ | 1.45 | | | $ | 1.60 | | | $ | 1.39 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | | | 9,982,386 | | | | 9,889,978 | | | | 9,802,876 | |
Net effect of dilutive stock options and awards – based on the treasury stock method using average market price | | | 191,469 | | | | 261,229 | | | | 243,888 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents | | | 10,173,855 | | | | 10,151,207 | | | | 10,046,764 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 1.42 | | | $ | 1.55 | | | $ | 1.36 | |
Outstanding common stock options excluded from diluted earnings per share, because their impact on the calculation would have been antidilutive, totaled 7,226 as of December 31, 2005. No shares were considered to be antidilutive as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.
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NOTE 12 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND AGREEMENTS
Employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”)– The ESOP is a qualified deferred compensation plan funded by contributions from Columbia. Contributions to the ESOP are at the discretion of the Board of Directors and are used to purchase shares of Columbia’s common stock. All employees over the age of 20 meeting minimum service requirements are eligible to participate in the plan. Employee contributions are not permitted. Employees vest in their proportionate share of the ESOP plan over a period of six years. Allocated shares in the ESOP are considered outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share. Plan contributions charged to expense totaled $90,102, $156,000 and $120,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
ESOP assets as of December 31 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Allocated shares, retroactively adjusted for stock dividends and splits | | | 250,892 | | | | 272,324 | |
| | | | | | |
Cash on hand | | $ | 142,461 | | | $ | 20,561 | |
| | | | | | |
401(k) Savings Investment Plan– The plan allows employees to defer certain amounts of compensation for income tax purposes under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, all employees over the age of 18 are eligible to participate in the plan. Employees may elect to defer and contribute up to statutory limits. Columbia matches 100% of employee contributions up to 4% of total participant compensation. Employee and employer contributions are invested by plan trustees in employee-designated mutual funds. Plan contributions charged to expense totaled approximately $654,000, $612,000 and $532,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Incentive Compensation Program– The program provides eligible employees additional compensation based upon the achievement of certain goals. Employees paid on commission, on-call employees and employees on probation are not eligible for incentive compensation. Incentive compensation expense totaled $1.61 million, $3.14 million and $2.95 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Executive Officer Salary Continuation, Deferred Compensation and Split-Dollar Life Insurance Plans – Columbia has agreements with its executive officers that generally provide for life insurance coverage, post-employment salary continuation and deferred compensation benefits. Salary continuation plans provide payments that commence at normal retirement age. Retirement payment amounts increase 3.00% per year after payments commence. Salary continuation liabilities totaled $1.46 million and $1.24 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Deferred compensation arrangements allow executives to voluntarily defer a portion of the compensation. Deferred compensation amounts accrue interest at an annual rate of 8.00%. Deferred compensation liabilities totaled $477,685 and $310,129 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Split-dollar insurance plans provide a defined death benefit to beneficiaries designated by the executive officer and to Columbia. The split-dollar plans serve partly as an employee benefit and also as a funding arrangement for the salary continuation and deferred compensation plans. The cash surrender value of life insurance policies totaled $6.48 million and $6.22 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. Expenses related to salary continuation and deferred compensation plans totaled $243,094, $520,258 and $178,028 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Columbia had a retirement agreement with its former chief executive officer that provided annual retirement payments for a seven-year period after the former chief executive officer’s retirement. Retirement payments were paid in annual installments of $48,000 plus the interest earned on a $120,000 interest earning investment. The final installment was paid during 2007. Columbia’s liability pursuant to the retirement agreement totaled $61,932 as of December 31, 2006.
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NOTE 13 TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
Columbia’s directors, executive officers and their associated companies are customers of the Bank. All loans and commitments to lend to related parties were made in compliance with applicable laws, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral requirements, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons, and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectibility or present any other unfavorable features.
Loans outstanding to directors and executive officers and associated companies were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
BALANCE, beginning of year | | $ | 6,774,706 | | | $ | 7,685,690 | |
New loans and advances | | | 3,169,626 | | | | 5,334,894 | |
Loans repaid | | | (2,974,311 | ) | | | (6,245,878 | ) |
Reclassification(1) | | | (6,102 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, end of year | | $ | 6,963,919 | | | $ | 6,774,706 | |
| | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | A former executive officer who was considered a related party at December 31, 2006 was no longer so classified as of December 31, 2007. |
Deposits from directors, executive officers and their associated companies totaled approximately $1.33 million and $1.72 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
NOTE 14 CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
The Bank maintains balances in correspondent bank accounts that at times may exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that its risk of loss associated with such balances is minimal due to the financial strength of the correspondent banks. The Bank has not experienced any losses in its correspondent bank accounts.
Substantially all of the Bank’s loans, commitments, and commercial and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank’s market areas, the majority of whom are also depositors of the Bank. Investments in state and municipal securities are not significantly concentrated within any one region of the United States. Concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding. Commercial and standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers as of December 31, 2007. The Bank’s loan policies prohibit the extension of credit to any single borrower or group of related borrowers in excess of $10.00 million without approval from the Board Loan Committee.
NOTE 15 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK
In the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers, the Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Bank’s exposure to credit loss, in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit written, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.
The Bank may or may not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk, based on its loan underwriting guidelines.
76
| | | | | | | | |
| | Contract Amounts | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Financial instruments whose contract amounts contain credit risk: | | | | | | | | |
Commitments to extend credit | | $ | 229,716,385 | | | $ | 236,581,830 | |
Commitments to originate loans held-for-sale | | | 7,170,020 | | | | 8,722,984 | |
Undisbursed credit card lines of credit | | | 24,617,572 | | | | 21,265,491 | |
Commercial and standby letters of credit | | | 3,200,412 | | | | 3,503,903 | |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 264,704,389 | | | $ | 270,074,208 | |
| | | | | | |
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there are no violations of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank, is based on Management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral types vary but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment and income-producing properties.
Written letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is generally the same as involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds cash, marketable securities or real estate as collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary.
During 2006, the Bank reclassified to a liability account the exposure for credit losses related to off-balance-sheet financial instruments, including loan commitments and letters of credit. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the liability for off-balance-sheet financial instrument credit losses totaled $848,000 and $763,000, respectively. The liability is included as a component of “Accrued interest payable and other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheet. The adequacy of the liability is reviewed on a quarterly basis, based upon changes in the amounts of commitments, loss experience and economic conditions. Adjustments to the liability are recorded as a component of non-interest expense.
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NOTE 16 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating lease commitments– Columbia leases certain branch and administrative properties. Future minimum lease commitments are as follows.
| | | | | | |
Years ending December 31, | | 2008 | | $ | 1,213,451 | |
| | 2009 | | | 1,135,909 | |
| | 2010 | | | 1,119,200 | |
| | 2011 | | | 1,126,276 | |
| | 2012 | | | 876,017 | |
| | Thereafter | | | 5,209,446 | |
| | | | | |
|
| | | | $ | 10,680,299 | |
| | | | | |
Rental expense for all operating leases totaled $1,168,360, $1,038,876 and $753,840 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Legal contingencies– Columbia may become a defendant in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. These matters have a high degree of uncertainty associated with them. There can be no assurance that the ultimate outcome will not differ materially from Columbia’s assessment of each matter. There can also be no assurance that all matters that may be brought against Columbia are known to them at any point in time. In the opinion of Management, after consultation with legal counsel regarding outstanding legal matters that could possibly result in a financial loss, there are no matters presently known to Columbia that are expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Columbia.
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NOTE 17 PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Condensed financial information for Columbia Bancorp (unconsolidated parent company only) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Cash | | $ | 5,769,302 | | | $ | 4,980,880 | |
Investment security available-for-sale | | | 61,875 | | | | 104,250 | |
Investment security held-to-maturity | | | — | | | | 80,294 | |
Investment in subsidiary Bank | | | 101,225,749 | | | | 90,946,963 | |
Interest rate swap | | | 20,850 | | | | 80,924 | |
Other assets | | | 530,593 | | | | 569,306 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 107,608,369 | | | $ | 96,762,617 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | $ | 4,124,000 | | | $ | 4,124,000 | |
Dividend payable | | | 1,005,788 | | | | 997,954 | |
Deferred compensation plan liability | | | — | | | | 13,851 | |
Employee benefits | | | 147,714 | | | | 449,300 | |
Deferred tax liability | | | — | | | | 25,910 | |
Interest and other payables | | | 93,035 | | | | 133,941 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 5,370,537 | | | | 5,744,956 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Common stock | | | 55,393,110 | | | | 54,767,348 | |
Retained earnings | | | 46,764,304 | | | | 36,295,441 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | | 80,418 | | | | (45,128 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 102,237,832 | | | | 91,017,661 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | $ | 107,608,369 | | | $ | 96,762,617 | |
| | | | | | |
79
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary | | $ | 9,633,406 | | | $ | 11,513,148 | | | $ | 10,263,758 | |
Dividends | | | 6,300,000 | | | | 5,732,000 | | | | 4,611,000 | |
Other | | | 108,583 | | | | 97,045 | | | | 27,324 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total income | | | 16,041,989 | | | | 17,342,193 | | | | 14,902,082 | |
EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Administrative and other expenses | | | (2,418,124 | ) | | | (2,447,209 | ) | | | (1,764,397 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income before income tax benefit | | | 13,623,865 | | | | 14,894,984 | | | | 13,137,685 | |
Income tax benefit | | | 857,995 | | | | 880,136 | | | | 532,477 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 14,481,860 | | | $ | 15,775,120 | | | $ | 13,670,162 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 14,481,860 | | | $ | 15,775,120 | | | $ | 13,670,162 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary | | | (9,633,406 | ) | | | (11,513,148 | ) | | | (10,263,758 | ) |
Depreciation of property and equipment | | | 38,729 | | | | 23,265 | | | | 7,789 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 87,059 | | | | 113,196 | | | | — | |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | (33,078 | ) | | | — | |
Changes in other assets and liabilities | | | (285,609 | ) | | | 2,294,364 | | | | (192,889 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash from operating activities | | | 4,688,633 | | | | 6,659,719 | | | | 3,221,304 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | | | 28,500 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from maturity of held-to-maturity security | | | 80,000 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Payments made for purchase of property and equipment | | | (85,344 | ) | | | (150,606 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash from investing activities | | | 23,156 | | | | (150,606 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends paid and cash paid for fractional shares | | | (4,005,163 | ) | | | (3,772,096 | ) | | | (3,204,900 | ) |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (528,723 | ) | | | (31,070 | ) | | | (139,878 | ) |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | 33,078 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | | | 610,519 | | | | 807,878 | | | | 936,853 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash from financing activities | | | (3,923,367 | ) | | | (2,962,210 | ) | | | (2,407,925 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | 788,422 | | | | 3,546,903 | | | | 813,379 | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year | | | 4,980,880 | | | | 1,433,977 | | | | 620,598 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year | | $ | 5,769,302 | | | $ | 4,980,880 | | | $ | 1,433,977 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized loss or gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | | $ | (162,494 | ) | | $ | 100,383 | | | $ | (142,828 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest-rate swap, net of tax | | $ | (36,948 | ) | | $ | (23,217 | ) | | $ | 100,821 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash dividend declared and payable after year-end | | $ | 1,005,788 | | | $ | 997,954 | | | $ | 887,575 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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NOTE 18 REGULATORY MATTERS
Columbia and the Bank are subject to various capital requirements administered by federal and state bank regulatory agencies. Failure to meet minimum requirements can initiate certain mandatory – and possibly additional discretionary – actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on a bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation require Columbia and the Bank to maintain minimum capital amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below). Tier 1 capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets are defined by regulations. As of December 31, 2007, Management believes that Columbia and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
Based on the most recent notifications from regulatory agencies, the Bank was categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as adequately capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that Management believes may have changed the Bank’s well-capitalized categorization.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To Be Well- |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Capitalized Under |
| | | | | | | | | | For Capital | | Prompt Corrective |
As of December 31, 2007 | | Actual | | Adequacy Purposes | | Action Provisions |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 110,508 | | | | 11.76 | % | | $ | 75,202 | | | | ³8 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 105,496 | | | | 11.23 | % | | $ | 75,127 | | | | ³8 | % | | $ | 93,909 | | | | ³10 | % |
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 98,772 | | | | 10.51 | % | | $ | 37,601 | | | | ³4 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 93,760 | | | | 9.98 | % | | $ | 37,563 | | | | ³4 | % | | $ | 56,345 | | | | ³6 | % |
Tier 1 capital to average assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 98,772 | | | | 9.75 | % | | $ | 40,521 | | | | ³4 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 93,760 | | | | 9.26 | % | | $ | 40,495 | | | | ³4 | % | | $ | 40,495 | | | | ³5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To Be Well- |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Capitalized Under |
| | | | | | | | | | For Capital | | Prompt Corrective |
As of December 31, 2006 | | Actual | | Adequacy Purposes | | Action Provisions |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 98,647 | | | | 11.36 | % | | $ | 69,460 | | | | ³8 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 94,516 | | | | 10.89 | % | | $ | 69,410 | | | | ³8 | % | | $ | 86,763 | | | | ³10 | % |
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 87,776 | | | | 10.11 | % | | $ | 34,730 | | | | ³4 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 83,671 | | | | 9.64 | % | | $ | 34,705 | | | | ³4 | % | | $ | 52,058 | | | | ³6 | % |
Tier 1 capital to average assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia Bancorp | | $ | 87,776 | | | | 8.54 | % | | $ | 41,106 | | | | ³4 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Columbia River Bank | | $ | 83,671 | | | | 8.95 | % | | $ | 37,375 | | | | ³4 | % | | $ | 46,719 | | | | ³5 | % |
81
Dividends received from the Bank represent Columbia’s principal source of cash revenues. Dividend payments are subject to government regulation that may prohibit banks and financial holding companies from paying dividends that constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. In addition, a bank may not pay cash dividends if that payment could reduce the amount of its capital below the minimum applicable regulatory capital requirements. Under the Oregon Bank Act, the Oregon Director of Banks may suspend the payment of dividends if it is determined that the payment would cause a bank’s remaining shareholders’ equity to be inadequate for the safe and sound operation of the bank. Other than the laws and regulations noted above, which apply to all banks and financial holding companies, Columbia and the Bank are not currently subject to any regulatory restrictions on the payments of dividends.
NOTE 19 FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents estimates of fair value and the related carrying amounts of Columbia’s financial instruments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | | | | | Estimated | | | | | | Estimated |
| | Carrying | | Fair | | Carrying | | Fair |
(dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Value | | Amount | | Value |
Financial assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and due from banks | | $ | 30,667 | | | $ | 30,667 | | | $ | 38,141 | | | $ | 38,141 | |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | | | 12,457 | | | | 12,457 | | | | 51,443 | | | | 51,443 | |
Federal funds sold | | | 49,100 | | | | 49,100 | | | | 58,930 | | | | 58,930 | |
Investment securities available-for-sale | | | 20,774 | | | | 20,774 | | | | 20,825 | | | | 20,825 | |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | | | 10,969 | | | | 11,081 | | | | 14,440 | | | | 14,537 | |
Restricted equity securities | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | | | | 2,439 | |
Loans held-for-sale | | | 8,139 | | | | 8,139 | | | | 7,538 | | | | 7,538 | |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses and unearned loan fees | | | 858,691 | | | | 878,956 | | | | 794,333 | | | | 745,652 | |
Interest rate swap | | | 21 | | | | 21 | | | | 80 | | | | 80 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Demand and savings deposits | | $ | 563,110 | | | $ | 563,110 | | | $ | 583,926 | | | $ | 583,926 | |
Time certificates | | | 359,782 | | | | 361,653 | | | | 275,140 | | | | 275,134 | |
Notes payable | | | 6,278 | | | | 6,278 | | | | 70,014 | | | | 69,844 | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 4,124 | | | | 4,124 | | | | 4,124 | | | | 4,124 | |
Estimates of fair value are based on Management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors. If Columbia were to dispose of such items there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would be realized since market values may differ depending on various circumstances. Estimated fair values as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 should not necessarily be relied upon at subsequent dates.
Other assets and liabilities, such as property and equipment, are not included in the above disclosures because they do not fit the definition of financial instruments. Also, nonfinancial instruments typically not recognized in the consolidated financial statements may nevertheless have value but are not included in the above disclosures. These include the estimated earnings power of core deposit accounts, the earnings potential of loan servicing rights, trained work force, customer goodwill and similar items.
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ITEM 9 CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There were no changes in or disagreements with accountants regarding accounting and financial disclosure matters during the year ended December 31, 2007.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Columbia’s principal executive and financial officers supervised and participated in this evaluation. Based upon this evaluation, Columbia’s principal executive and financial officers each concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon various assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any of Management’s plans, products or procedures will succeed in achieving their intended goals under future conditions. In addition, no change in Columbia’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fourth quarter of 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting; including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies or material weaknesses.
Management’s Report on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of Columbia is responsible for establishing, maintaining and testing internal controls over accurate financial reporting. Columbia’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of such financial reporting, including the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
These internal controls over financial reporting include policies, procedures and processes that:
| • | | Address the maintenance of reasonably detailed records and data that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of Columbia’s assets; |
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| • | | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to allow the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures are being made with proper authorizations of Columbia’s management and directors; and |
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| • | | Provide reasonable assurance regarding the timely prevention or detection of unauthorized transactions, acquisitions, expenditures or the use or disposition of Columbia’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. |
Any internal control system will have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. The future evaluation of the effectiveness of such controls is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the level of compliance with policies and procedures may deteriorate over time.
Management assessed the effectiveness of Columbia’s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, Management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), an Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment and those criteria, Management believes that Columbia maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.
In addition, Columbia’s independent registered public accounting firm, Moss Adams LLP, has audited and issued their report on the effectiveness of Columbia’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included in Item 8 above as “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
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ITEM 9B OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information regarding directors of Columbia is set forth under “Election of Directors” in Columbia’s Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareowners and Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after Columbia’s year end of December 31, 2007 (the “Proxy Statement”), which information is incorporated herein by reference.
The names of the directors of Columbia and their employer and principal occupation as of the date hereof are set forth below.
Directors:
Richard E. Betz, Chairman, Royale Columbia Farms, Inc, Bud-Rich Potato, Inc, Owner
Charles F. Beardsley, Hershner & Bell Realty, Inc., Owner
William A. Booth, Booth & Kelly Real Estate, Owner
Lori R. Boyd, L Boyd Consulting, LLC, Owner
Dennis L. Carver, Goldendale Chiropractic Clinic, Chiropractor/Owner
Roger L. Christensen, Columbia Bancorp, President and Chief Executive Officer, Columbia River Bank, Chief Executive Officer
Terry L. Cochran, Banker, Retired and former President and Chief Executive Officer of Columbia River Bank
James J. Doran, Jim Doran Chevrolet Oldsmobile, Jim Doran Dodge Chrysler, Owner
Jean S. McKinney, McKinney Ranches, Inc., President, Business Manager and Owner
Donald T. Mitchell, Lumber Broker, Retired
Executive Officers:
The executive officers of Columbia and their ages and titles are set forth below. Business experience for the past five years is provided in accordance with SEC rules are set forth under “Information Regarding Executive Management” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Tamera Millington Bhatti (48) Columbia River Bank, Corporate Vice President & Director of Human Resources
Robert V. Card (57), Columbia River Bank, Executive Vice President & Director of Risk Management
Roger L. Christensen (50), Columbia Bancorp, President & Chief Executive Officer / Columbia River Bank, President, Chief Executive Officer
Staci L. Coburn (38), Columbia Bancorp, Principal Accounting Officer / Columbia River Bank, Corporate Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer
R. Shane Correa (42), Columbia River Bank, Executive Vice President & Chief Banking Officer
Brian L. Devereux (41), Columbia River Bank, Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer
Christine M. Herb (44), Columbia River Bank, Executive Vice President & Chief Information Officer
Craig J. Ortega (51), Columbia River Bank, President
Greg B. Spear (42), Columbia Bancorp & Columbia River Bank, Vice Chair & Chief Financial Officer
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Code of Ethics
Columbia has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers (including Columbia’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and financial personnel, known as the Code of Ethics Policy. The Code of Ethics Policy is available on Columbia’s website at www.columbiabancorp.com. Shareholders may request a free copy of the Code of Ethics Policy from:
Columbia Bancorp
Attn: Investor Relations
P.O. Box 1050
The Dalles, OR 97058
(541) 298-6649
Audit Committee
Information regarding Columbia’s audit committee members is set forth in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference
ITEM 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding Columbia’s compensation of its named executive officers is set forth under “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding Columbia’s compensation of its directors is set forth under “Director Compensation” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 12 | | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS |
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners, directors and executive officers is set forth under “Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is set forth under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information regarding principal auditor fees and services is set forth under “Principal Auditor Fees and Services,” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 15 EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) and (a)(2) Financial Statements of Columbia Bancorp are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(a)(3) See exhibit list in section (b) below.
(b) Exhibits filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated by reference from other filings are as follows:
3.1.1 Articles of Incorporation of Columbia Bancorp (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(i) of Columbia’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1999.)
3.1.2 Bylaws of Columbia Bancorp
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4.1 Indenture dated as of December 19, 2002 between Columbia Bancorp, as Issuer, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debt Securities due 2033 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Columbia’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2004.)
4.2 Form of Floating Rate Junior subordinated Debt Security due 2033 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A as contained in Exhibit 4.1 of Columbia’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2004.)
10.1+ Columbia Bancorp 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (Amended 2002) (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Columbia’s Form S-8 Registration Statement filed January 28, 2005.)
10.2+ Columbia Bancorp Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Trust Agreement (1999 Restatement) (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Columbia’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 1999.)
10.3+ Employment Agreement between Roger L. Christensen and Columbia Bancorp dated April 15, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2007.)
10.4+ Executive Bonus Deferral Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Roger L. Christensen (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.5+ Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Roger L. Christensen (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.6+ Amendment No. 1 to Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Roger L. Christensen (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.7+ Employment Agreement between Greg B. Spear and Columbia Bancorp dated April 15, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2007.)
10.8+ Executive Bonus Deferral Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Greg B. Spear (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.9+ Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Greg B. Spear (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.10+ Amendment No. 1 to Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Greg B. Spear (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.11+ Employment Agreement between R. Shane Correa and Columbia River Bank dated April 15, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2007.)
10.12+ Executive Bonus Deferral Agreement between Columbia River Bank and R. Shane Correa (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.13+ Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and R. Shane Correa (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.14+ Amendment No. 1 to Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and R. Shane Correa (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.15+ Employment Agreement between Craig J. Ortega and Columbia River Bank dated April 15, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2007.)
10.16+ Executive Bonus Deferral Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Craig J. Ortega (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
10.17+ Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Craig J. Ortega (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.02 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 21, 2007.)
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10.18+ Amendment No. 1 to Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Craig J. Ortega (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.19+ Employment Agreement between Christine M. Herb and Columbia River Bank dated December 21, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.20+ Employment Agreement between Robert V. Card and Columbia River Bank dated April 15, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.01 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2007.)
10.21+ Executive Salary Continuation Agreement between Columbia River Bank and Robert V. Card (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 9, 2007.)
10.22+ Employment Agreement between Brian Devereux and Columbia River Bank dated December 21, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.23+ Employment Agreement between Staci L. Coburn and Columbia River Bank dated December 21, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 26, 2007.)
10.24+ Release of All Claims and Hold Harmless Agreement between Columbia Bancorp and Terry L. Cochran dated January 2, 2007 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Columbia’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3, 2007.)
13.1 Annual Report to Shareholders for the Year Ended December 31, 2007.
21.1 List of Subsidiary.
23.1 Consent of Moss Adams, LLP.
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-4(a).
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350.
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350.
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+ | | Management contract, compensation plan or arrangement. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of March 17, 2008.
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COLUMBIA BANCORP | | |
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By: | | /s/ Roger L. Christensen | | |
| | Roger L. Christensen | | |
| | President and Chief Executive Officer | | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities as of March 17, 2008.
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Signatures | | Titles | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Roger L. Christensen | | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | | |
| | (Principal Executive Officer) | | |
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/s/ Greg B. Spear | | Vice Chair and Chief Financial Officer | | |
| | (Principal Financial Officer) | | |
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/s/ Staci L. Coburn | | Principal Accounting Officer | | |
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| | | | |
/s/ Richard E. Betz | | Director and Chairman | | |
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/s/ Charles F. Beardsley | | Director | | |
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/s/ William A. Booth | | Director | | |
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/s/ Lori R. Boyd | | Director | | |
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/s/ Dennis L. Carver | | Director | | |
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/s/ Terry L Cochran | | Director | | |
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/s/ James J. Doran | | Director | | |
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/s/ Jean S. McKinney | | Director | | |
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/s/ Donald T. Mitchell | | Director | | |
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