| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accounting Principles The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Use of Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP (“GAAP”) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Cash includes cash on hand, is deposited at one area bank and may exceed federally insured limits at times. Revenue Recognition We adopted the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” as of April 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method, and concluded that, consistent with prior reporting, we have two separate revenue streams: (i) product sales, and (ii) royalty and licensing revenues. Results for reporting periods after April 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with legacy accounting guidance under ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition.” The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact upon adoption, to our net income for the year ended March 31, 2019. ASC 606 defines a five-step process to recognize revenues at the time and in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received for the performance obligations that have been provided. ASC 606 defines contracts as written, oral and through customary business practice. Under this definition, the Company considers contracts to be created at the time that an order to purchase product is agreed upon regardless of whether or not there is a written contract or when a contract is entered into for licensing and royalties. We have two separate and distinct performance obligations offered to our customers: a product sales performance obligation and a licensing and royalty performance obligation. These performance obligations are related to separate revenue streams and at no point are they combined into a single transaction. We generate the majority of our revenue from product sales, and to a lesser extent from fees generated from licensing and royalty arrangements primarily with two customers. Our revenue related to product sales is recognized upon shipment, provided that a purchase order has been received or a contract has been executed, there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collection is deemed reasonably assured. If uncertainties regarding customer acceptance exist, we recognize revenues when those uncertainties are resolved and title has been transferred to the customer. Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. Our revenue related to licensing and royalty arrangements is recognized in accordance with the terms of the arrangements which typically provide for quarterly payment of exclusivity fees and royalties earned on the sale of customer products on a quarterly basis. Research, Development and Regulatory Expense Research, development and regulatory expenditures for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $345,000 and $375,000, respectively, and consisted primarily of salaries and related costs and are expensed as incurred. We had two full time research and development employees that work on a variety of projects, including production support. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred or at the first time the advertising takes place. We incurred advertising costs of approximately $1,000 and $1,000 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Loss Per Share Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share are based upon the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period plus additional weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares result from the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants, the proceeds of which are then assumed to have been used to repurchase outstanding common stock using the treasury stock method. In addition, the numerator is adjusted for any changes in loss that would result from the assumed conversion of potential shares. Potentially dilutive shares, which were excluded from the diluted loss per share calculations because the effect would be antidilutive or the options exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares, were 7,563,556 and 7,413,750 shares for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Accounts Receivable We perform various analyses to evaluate accounts receivable balances and record an allowance for bad debts based on the estimated collectability of the accounts such that the amounts reflect estimated net realizable value. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after significant collection efforts have been made and potential for recovery is not considered probable. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $5,000 and $5,000, respectively. Inventories We value our inventory at the lower of our actual cost or the current estimated market value. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and inventory commitments with suppliers and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on our historical usage. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we provided additional net amounts of approximately $11,000 and $16,000, respectively, for excess and obsolete inventory. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we disposed of certain obsolete inventory items in the aggregate amount of approximately $42,000 and $46,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, our allowance for obsolete and excess inventory was approximately $81,000 and $112,000, respectively. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated change in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to seven years. Building improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated life of the building at the time the improvement is put into service. Our building is depreciated using the straight-line method over 40 years. Land is not depreciated. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We record construction in process in the appropriate asset category and commence depreciation upon completion and commencement of use of the asset. Equipment purchased pursuant to capital lease obligations, primarily computer equipment, is recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Deferred Financing Costs We have capitalized certain costs related to the issuance of debt. These costs are amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the debt. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, amortization expense related to deferred financing costs were $7,000 and $7,000, respectively. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. We evaluate this tax position on a quarterly basis. We also accrue for potential interest and penalties, if applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. (See Note 7). Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate our long-lived assets, which include property and equipment, for impairment as events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We evaluate the realizability of our long-lived assets based on reviews of results of sales of similar assets and independent appraisals. As a result of the continued operating losses described above, we evaluated the recoverability of our property and equipment as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 and determined that there existed no impairment of long-lived assets. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The valuation of employee stock options is an inherently subjective process, since market values are generally not available for long-term, non-transferable employee stock options. Accordingly, the Black-Scholes option pricing model is utilized to derive an estimated fair value. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires the consideration of the following six variables for purposes of estimating fair value: the stock option exercise price; the expected term of the option; the grant date price of our common stock, which is issuable upon exercise of the option; the expected volatility of our common stock; the expected dividends on our common stock (we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future); and the risk free interest rate for the expected option term. Expected Dividends. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on any of our capital stock and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we use an expected dividend yield of zero to calculate the grant-date fair value of a stock option. Expected Volatility. The expected volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of options granted. We determine the expected volatility solely based upon the historical volatility of our common stock over a period commensurate with the option’s expected term. We do not believe that the future volatility of our common stock over an option’s expected term is likely to differ significantly from the past. Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the option’s expected term on the grant date. Expected Term. For option grants subsequent to the adoption of the fair value recognition provisions of the accounting standards, the expected life of stock options granted is based on the actual vesting date and the end of the contractual term. Stock Option Exercise Price and Grant Date Price of Common Stock. The closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We are required to estimate the level of award forfeitures expected to occur and record compensation expense only for those awards that are ultimately expected to vest. This requirement applies to all awards that are not yet vested. Due to the limited number of unvested options outstanding, the majority of which are held by executives and members of our Board of Directors, we have estimated a zero forfeiture rate. We will revisit this assumption periodically and as changes in the composition of the option pool dictate. Fair Value of Financial Instruments We follow Accounting Standards Codification 820-10 (“ASC 820-10”), “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” The hierarchy established under ASC 820-10 gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820-10 are described below: Level 1 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. As required by ASC 820-10, we do not adjust the quoted price for these investments, even in situations where we hold a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price. Level 2 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices for similar investments, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 includes investments valued at quoted prices adjusted for legal or contractual restrictions specific to these investments. Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the investment, that is, inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level 3 includes investments that are supported by little or no market activity. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We have evaluated all issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements and determined that, other than the following, they are either immaterial or not relevant to us. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) “ASU 2016 - 02 Leases” intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU affects all companies and other organizations that lease assets such as real estate, office equipment and manufacturing equipment. The ASU will require organizations that lease assets - referred to as “lessees” - to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP - which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet - the new ASU will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The ASU also will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The accounting by organizations that own the assets leased by the lessee - also known as lessor accounting - will remain largely unchanged from current GAAP. However, the ASU contains some targeted improvements that are intended to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and with the updated revenue recognition guidance issued in 2014. The ASU on leases will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other organizations, the ASU on leases will take effect for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. It is not anticipated that this updated guidance will have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. In January 2016, the FASB issued “ASU 2016 - 01 Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The ASU affects public and private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and employee benefit plans that hold financial assets or owe financial liabilities. The new guidance makes targeted improvements to existing GAAP by: Requiring equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; Requiring public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; Requiring separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; Eliminating the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for organizations that are not public business entities; Eliminating the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; and Requiring a reporting organization to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk (also referred to as “own credit”) when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. The ASU on recognition and measurement will take effect for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and employee benefit plans, the standard becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU permits early adoption of the own credit provision (referenced above). Additionally, it permits early adoption of the provision that exempts private companies and not-for-profit organizations from having to disclose fair value information about financial instruments measured at amortized cost. We adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018 and determined that the implementation did not have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. In April 2016, the FASB issued “ASU 2016 - 10 Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606): identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.” The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this Update clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. Topic 606 includes implementation guidance on (a) contracts with customers to transfer goods and services in exchange for consideration and (b) determining whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied over time). The amendments in this Update are intended to render more detailed implementation guidance with the expectation to reduce the degree of judgement necessary to comply with Topic 606. The amendments in this Update affect the guidance in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which is not yet effective. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, defers the effective date of Update 2014-09 by one year. We adopted this guidance on April 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method, and concluded that, consistent with prior reporting, we have two separate revenue streams: (i) product sales, and (ii) royalty and licensing revenues. Results for reporting periods after April 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with legacy accounting guidance under ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition.” The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact upon adoption, to our net income for the year ended March 31, 2019. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, an amendment to ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU addressed several areas related to contracts with customers. This topic is not yet effective and will become effective with Topic 606. We are currently evaluating the impact this topic will have on our financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, an amendment to Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” An entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Because these amendments eliminate Step 3 2 from the goodwill impairment test, they should reduce the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for impairment. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis. The amendments in this Update are effective for Goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statements. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We have estimated our provision for income taxes in accordance with the Tax Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing but have kept the full valuation allowance. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. The deferred tax expense recorded in connection with the remeasurement of deferred tax assets is a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 31, 2017 based upon the best information currently available. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Act. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete. The accounting is expected to be complete when the 2018 corporate return is filed in 2019. |
