Exhibit 3.4
BYLAWS
OF
GEOSPATIAL MAPPING SYSTEMS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be located in the City and State designated in the Certificate of Incorporation. The Corporation may also maintain offices at such other places within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine.
ARTICLE II
MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1.Annual Meetings:
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at the time fixed, from time to time, by the Directors, at the time fixed from time to time by the Directors.
Section 2.Special Meetings:
Special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the Board of Directors or such person or persons authorized by the Board of Directors and shall be held within or without the State of Delaware.
Section 3.Court-Ordered Meeting:
The Court of Chancery in this State where the Corporation’s principal office is located, or where the Corporation’s registered office is located if its principal office is not located in this state, may after notice to the Corporation, order a meeting to be held on application of any Director or stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote in an annual meeting if an annual meeting has not been held within any thirteen month period, if there is a failure by the Corporation to hold an annual meeting for a period of thirty days after the date designated therefor, or if no date has been designated, for a period of thirteen months after the organization of the Corporation or after its last annual meeting. The court may fix the time and place of the meeting, determine the shares entitled to participate in the meeting, specify a record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting, prescribe the form and content of the meeting notice, and enter other orders as may be appropriate.
* | All references to sections in these Bylaws refer to those sections contained in the Delaware General Corporation law. |
Section 4.Place of Meetings:
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation, or at such other places, within or without the State of Delaware as the Directors may from time to time fix. If no designation is made, the meeting shall be held at the Corporation’s registered office in the state of Delaware.
Section 5.Notice of Meetings:
(a) Written or printed notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, stating the time when and place where it is to be held, shall be served either personally or by first class mail, by or at the direction of the president, the secretary, or the officer or the person calling the meeting, not less than ten or more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, unless the lapse of the prescribed time shall have been waived before or after the taking of such action, upon each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, and to any other stockholder to whom given notice may be required by law. Notice of a special meeting shall also state the business to be transacted or the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and shall indicate that it is being issued by, or at the direction of, the person or persons calling the meeting. If, at any meeting, action is proposed to be taken that would, if taken, entitle stockholders to dissent and receive payment for their shares pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, the notice of such meeting shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder as it appears on the share transfer records of the Corporation.
Section 6.Stockholders’ List:
(a) After fixing a record date for a meeting, the officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation, shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of all its stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, arranged by voting group with the address of, and the number, class, and series, if any, of shares held by each stockholder. The stockholders’ list must be available for inspection by any stockholder for a period often days before the meeting or such shorter time as exists between the record date and the meeting and continuing through the meeting at the Corporation’s principal office, at a place identified in the meeting notice in the city where the meeting will be held, or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar. Any stockholder of the Corporation or the stockholder’s agent or attorney is entitled on written demand to inspect the stockholders’ list during regular business hours and at the stockholder’s expense, during the period it is available for inspection.
(b) The Corporation shall make the stockholder’s list available at the meeting of stockholders, and any stockholder or the stockholder’s agent or attorney is entitled to inspect the list at any time during the meeting or any adjournment
(c) Upon the willful neglect or refusal of the Directors to produce such a list at any meeting for the election of Directors, such Directors shall be ineligible for election for any office at such meeting.
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(d) The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 219 of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any stockholders’ meeting.
Section 7.Quorum:
(a) Except as otherwise provided herein, or by law, or in the Certificate of Incorporation (such Certificate of Incorporation and any amendments thereof being hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Certificate of Incorporation”), or for meetings ordered by the Court of Chancery called pursuant to Section 211 of the Delaware General Corporations Law, a quorum shall be present at all meetings of stockholders of the Corporation, if the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on that matter are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.
(b) The subsequent withdrawal of any stockholder from the meeting, after the commencement of a meeting, or the refusal of any stockholder represented in person or by proxy to vote, shall have no effect on the existence of a quorum, after a quorum has been established at such meeting.
(c) Despite the absence of a quorum at any meeting of stockholders, the stockholders present may adjourn the meeting.
Section 8.Voting:
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, any corporate action, other than the election of Directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares entitled to vote on that matter and represented either in person or by proxy at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the stockholders of the Corporation.
(b) Unless otherwise provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation of this Corporation, Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders, present in person or by proxy, entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present and each stockholder entitled to vote has the right to vote the number of shares owned by him/her for as may persons as there are Directors to be elected.
(c) Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, at each meeting of stockholders, each stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote thereat, shall be entitled to one vote for each share registered in his or her name on the books of the Corporation.
Section 9.Proxies:
Each stockholder entitled to vote or to express consent or dissent without a meeting, may do so either in person or by proxy, so long as such proxy is executed in writing by the stockholder himself or herself, or by his or her attorney-in-fact thereunto duly authorized in writing. Every proxy shall be revocable at will unless the proxy conspicuously states that it is
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irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest. A telegram, telex, cablegram, or similar transmission by the stockholder, or a photographic, photostatic, facsimile, shall be treated as a valid proxy, and treated as a substitution of the original proxy, so long as such transmission is a complete reproduction executed by the stockholder. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three years from the date of its execution, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Such instrument shall be exhibited to the Secretary at the meeting and shall be filed with the records of the Corporation.
Section 10.Action Without a Meeting:
Unless otherwise provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special stockholders’ meeting, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a written consent or consents is/are signed by the stockholders of the Corporation having not less than the minimum number of votes necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and is delivered by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the Corporation to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of stockholders’ meetings are recorded.
Section 11.Inspectors:
(a) The Corporation shall appoint one or more inspectors, and one or more alternate inspectors, to act at any stockholder’ meeting and make a written report thereof, so long as such inspectors sign an oath to faithfully execute their duties with impartiality and to the best of their ability before such meeting. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at the stockholders meeting, the presiding officer shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting.
(b) The inspector shall:
(i) ascertain the number of shares entitled to vote and the voting power of each such stockholder;
(ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots;
(iii) count all votes and ballots;
(iv) determine and retain for a reasonable time a disposition record of any challenges made to any of the inspectors’ determinations; and
(v) certify the inspectors’ determinations of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots.
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ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1.Number, Term, Election and Qualifications:
(a) The first Board of Directors shall consist of one (1) person, unless and until otherwise determined by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. All subsequent Boards of the Corporation shall consist of at least one (1) person. The Board of Directors or stockholders all have the power, in the interim between annual and special meetings of the stockholders, to increase or decrease the number of Directors of the Corporation. A Director need not be a stockholder of the Corporation unless required by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these Bylaws.
(b) The first Board of Directors shall hold office until the first annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of Directors. Thereinafter, Directors will be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and shall hold office until the annual meeting of the stockholders next succeeding his election, or until his/her prior death, resignation or removal. Any Director may resign at any time upon written notice of such resignation to the Corporation.
Section 2.Duties and Powers:
The Board of Directors shall be responsible for the control and management of the business and affairs, property and interests of the Corporation, and may exercise all powers of the Corporation, except such as those stated under Delaware State Law, in the Certificate of Incorporation or in these Bylaws, expressly conferred upon or reserved to the stockholders or any other person or persons named therein.
Section 3.Regular Meetings; Notice
(a) A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held either within or without the State of Delaware at such time and at such place as the Board shall fix.
(b) No notice shall be required of any regular meeting of the Board of Directors and, if given, need not specify the purpose of the meeting; provided, however, that in case the Board of Directors shall fix or change the time or place of any regular meeting when such time and place was fixed before such change, notice of such action shall be given to each Director who shall not have been present at the meeting at which such action was taken within the time limited, and in the manner set forth in these Bylaws with respect to special meetings, unless such notice shall be waived in the manner set forth in these Bylaws.
Section 4.Special Meetings; Notice
(a) Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as may be specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof.
(b) Except as otherwise required statute, written notice of special meetings shall be mailed directly to each Director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of
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business, or delivered orally, with sufficient time for the convenient assembly of Directors thereat, or shall be sent to him at such place by telegram, radio or cable, or shall be delivered to him personally or given to him orally, not later than the day before the day on which the meeting is to be held. If mailed, the notice of any special meeting shall be deemed to be delivered on the second day after it is deposited in the United States mail, so addressed, with postage prepaid. If notice is given by telegram, it shall be deemed to be delivered when the telegram is delivered to the telegraph company. A notice, or waiver of notice, except as required by these Bylaws, need not specify the business to be transacted at or the purpose or purposes of the meeting.
(c) Notice of any special meeting shall not be required to be given to any Director who shall attend such meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to him/her, or who submits a signed waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting. Notice of any adjourned meeting shall not be required to be given.
(d) Unless otherwise stated in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Chairperson, President, Treasurer, Secretary or any two or more Directors of the Corporation may call any special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Section 5.Chairperson
The Chairperson of the Board, if any and if present, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If there shall be no Chairperson, or he or she shall be absent, then the President shall preside, and in his or her absence, any other Director chosen by the Board of Directors shall preside.
Section 6.Quorum and Adjournments:
(a) At all meetings of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, the presence of a majority of the entire Board, or such committee thereof, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
(b) A majority of the Directors present at the time and place of any regular or special meeting, although less than a quorum, may adjourn the same from time to time without notice, whether or not a quorum exists. Notice of such adjourned meeting shall be given to Directors not present at time of the adjournment and, unless the time and place of the adjourned meeting are announced at the time of the adjournment, to the other Directors who were present at the adjourned meeting.
Section 7.Manner of Acting:
(a) At all meetings of the Board of Directors, each director present shall have one vote, irrespective of the number of shares of stock, if any, which he may hold.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By Laws, action approved by a majority of the votes of the Directors present at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof, at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof.
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(c) Any action authorized in writing, made prior or subsequent to such action, by all of the Directors entitled to vote thereon and filed with the minutes of the Corporation shall be the act of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, and have the same force and effect as if the same had been passed by unanimous vote at a duly called meeting of the Board or committee for all purposes and may be stated as such in any certificate or document filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware.
(d) Where appropriate communications facilities are reasonably available, any or all Directors shall have the right to participate in any Board of Directors meeting, or a committee of the Board of Directors meeting, by means of conference telephone or any means of communications by which all persons participating in the meeting are able to hear each other.
Section 8.Vacancies:
(a) Any vacancy in the Board of Directors occurring by reason of an increase in the number of Directors, or by reason of the death, resignation, disqualification, removal for inability to act as Director, or any other cause, shall be filled by an affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors, though less than a quorum of the Board or by a sole remaining Director, at any regular meeting or special meeting of the Board of Directors called for that purpose except whenever the stockholders of any class or classes or series thereof are entitled to elect one or more Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the Directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining Director so elected.
(b) If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the Corporation shall have no Directors in office, then an officer or any stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee, or guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders to fill such vacancies or may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election.
(c) If the Directors of the Corporation constitutes less than a majority of the whole Board, the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent of the total number of shares entitled to vote for Directors, order an election to be held, to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships.
(d) Unless otherwise provided for by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, when one or more Directors shall resign from the board and such resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the Directors, then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote otherwise to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective.
Section 9.Resignation
The stockholders may, at any meeting, vote to accept the resignation of any Director.
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Section 10.Removal:
One or more or all the Directors of the Corporation may be removed with or without cause at any time by the stockholders, at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose, unless the Certificate of Incorporation provides that Directors may only be removed for cause, provided however, such Director shall not be removed if the Corporation states in its Certificate of Incorporation that its Directors shall be elected by cumulative voting and there are a sufficient number of shares cast against his or her removal, which if cumulatively voted at an election of Directors would be sufficient to elect him or her. If a Director was elected by a voting group of stockholders, only the stockholders of that voting group may participate in the vote to remove that Director.
Section 11.Compensation:
The Board of Directors may authorize and establish reasonable compensation of the Directors for services to the Corporation as Directors, including, but not limited to attendance at any annual or special meeting of the Board.
Section 12.Committees:
The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may from time to time designate from among its members one or more committees, and alternate members thereof, as they deem desirable, each consisting of one or more members, with such powers and authority (to the extent permitted by law and these Bylaws) as may be provided in such resolution. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board and, unless otherwise stated by law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these Bylaws, shall be governed by the rules and regulations stated herein regarding the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1.Number. Qualifications. Election and Term of Office:
(a) The Corporation’s officers shall have such titles and duties as shall be stated in these Bylaws or in a resolution of the Board of Directors which is not inconsistent with these Bylaws. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of an officer whose duty is to record proceedings of stockholders’ and Directors’ meetings and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time deem advisable. Any officer other than the Chairman of the Board of Directors may be, but is not required to be, a Director of the Corporation. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
(b) The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors at the regular annual meeting of the Board following the annual meeting of stockholders.
(c) Each officer shall hold office until the annual meeting of the Board of Directors next succeeding his election, and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, subject to earlier termination by his or her death, resignation or removal.
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Section 2.Resignation:
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Corporation.
Section 3.Removal:
Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, and a successor elected by the Board at any time, and any officer or assistant officer, if appointed by another officer, may likewise be removed by such officer.
Section 4.Vacancies:
A vacancy, however caused, occurring in the Board and any newly created Directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of Directors may be filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 5.Bonds:
The Corporation may require any or all of its officers or Agents to post a bond, or otherwise, to the Corporation for the faithful performance of their positions or duties.
Section 6.Compensation:
The compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE V
SHARES OF STOCK
Section 1.Certificate of Stock:
(a) The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated shares.
(b) Certificated shares of the Corporation shall be signed, (either manually or by facsimile), by the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, President or Vice-President and Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, or any other Officer designated by the Board of Directors, certifying that the number of shares owned by him or her in the Corporation, provided however, that where such certificate is signed by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent or by a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation and a registrar, any such signature may be a facsimile thereof. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon such certificate, shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the date of its issue.
(c) Certificates shall be issued in such form not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. Such certificates shall be numbered and registered on the books of the Corporation, in the order in which they were issued.
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(d) Except as otherwise provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing shares of the same class and series shall be identical.
Section 2.Lost or Destroyed Certificates:
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed if the owner:
(a) so requests before the Corporation and has given notice that the shares have been acquired by a bona fide purchaser,
(b) files with the Corporation a sufficient indemnity bond; and
(c) satisfies such other requirements, including evidence of such loss, theft or destruction, as may be imposed by the Corporation.
Section 3.Transfers of Shares:
(a) Transfers or registration of transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made on the stock transfer books of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney duly authorized by a written power of attorney; and in the case of shares represented by certificates, only after the surrender to the Corporation of the certificates representing such shares with such shares properly endorsed, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and the payment of all stock transfer taxes due thereon.
(b) The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any legal, equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by law.
Section 4.Record Date:
(a) The Board of Directors may fix, in advance, which shall not be more than sixty, nor less than ten days before the meeting or action requiring a determination of stockholders, as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of stockholders, or to consent to any proposal without a meeting, or for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividends, or allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of any other action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for a stockholder entitled to notice of meeting shall be at the close of business on the day preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is held, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held.
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(b) The Board of Directors may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted for stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights of stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, provided that such record date shall not be more than sixty days before such action.
(c) The Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date is fixed and no prior action is required by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action is required by law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(d) A determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a stockholders’ meeting is effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
ARTICLE VI
DIVIDENDS:
Subject to applicable law, dividends may be declared and paid out of any funds available therefor, as often, in such amounts, and at such time or times as the Board of Directors may determine.
ARTICLE VII
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed, and shall be subject to change by the Board of Directors from time to time, subject to applicable law.
ARTICLE VIII
CORPORATE SEAL:
The corporate seal, if any, shall be in such form as shall be prescribed and altered, from time to time, by the Board of Directors.
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ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
Section 1.Initial Bylaws
The initial Bylaws of the Corporation shall be adopted by the Board of Directors at its organizational meeting.
Section 2.By Stockholders
All Bylaws of the Corporation shall be subject to alteration or repeal, and new Bylaws may be made, by a majority vote of the stockholders at the time entitled to vote in the election of Directors even though these Bylaws may also be altered, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.By Directors
The Board of Directors shall have power to make, adopt, alter, amend and repeal, from time to time, Bylaws of the Corporation; however, Bylaws made by the Board may be altered or repealed, and new Bylaws made by the stockholders.
ARTICLE X
WAIVER OF NOTICE:
Whenever any notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the meeting of stockholders, Board of Directors, or committee thereof, or attendance at the meeting by any person, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of stockholders, Directors or committee thereof needs to be specified in any written waiver of notice.
ARTICLE XI
INTERESTED DIRECTORS:
No contract or transaction shall be void or voidable if such contract or transaction is between the Corporation and one or more of its Directors or Officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its Directors or Officers, are Directors or Officers, or have a financial interest, when such Director or Officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board or committee which authorizes the contract or transaction or his/her votes are counted for such purpose, if:
(a) the material facts as to his/her relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes
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