Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Set forth below is selected data relating to the composition of the loan portfolio (in thousands): December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Real Estate: Residential $ 298,813 20.3 % $ 273,040 20.1 % Commercial 651,544 44.2 628,724 46.4 Agricultural 68,915 4.7 61,925 4.6 Construction 32,469 2.2 21,990 1.6 Commercial loans 187,257 12.7 186,031 13.7 Other agricultural loans 35,277 2.4 37,930 2.8 Consumer loans to individuals 200,149 13.5 146,400 10.8 Total loans 1,474,424 100.0 % 1,356,040 100.0 % Deferred fees, net ( 479 ) ( 1,109 ) Total loans receivable 1,473,945 1,354,931 Allowance for loan losses ( 16,999 ) ( 16,442 ) Net loans receivable $ 1,456,946 $ 1,338,489 During 2021 and 2020, the Company participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered directly by the United States Small Business Administration (“SBA”). The PPP provides loans to small businesses who were affected by economic conditions as a result of COVID-19 to provide cash-flow assistance to employers who maintain their payroll (including healthcare and certain related expenses), mortgage interest, rent, leases, utilities and interest on existing debt during the COVID-19 emergency. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had outstanding principal balances of $ 121,000 and $ 15,209,000 , respectively, in PPP loans. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and may be eligible for forgiveness by the SBA to the extent that the proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest costs, rent, and utility costs over a period of up to 24 weeks after the loan is made as long as certain conditions are met regarding employee retention and compensation levels. PPP loans deemed eligible for forgiveness by the SBA will be repaid by the SBA to the Company. PPP loans are included in the Commercial loan category. In accordance with the SBA terms and conditions on these PPP loans, the Company received approximately $ 0 and $ 2.9 million in fees associated with the processing of these loans in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Upon funding of the loans, these fees were deferred and are amortized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to yield in accordance with FASB ASC 310-20-25-2. As a result of the acquisition of UpState, the Company added $ 15,410,000 of loans that were accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30. Based on a review of the loans acquired by the Company’s senior lending management, which included an analysis of credit deterioration of the loans since origination, the Company recorded a specific credit fair value adjustment of $ 6,937,000 . For loans that were acquired with specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality, loan losses will be accounted for through a reduction of the specific reserve and will not impact the allowance for loan losses until actual losses exceed the allotted reserves. For loans acquired without a deterioration of credit quality, losses incurred will result in adjustments to the allowance for loan losses through the allowance for loan loss adequacy calculation. Changes in the accretable yield for purchased credit-impaired loans were as follows for the twelve months ended December 31: (In thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,884 $ 1,365 Additions — — Accretion ( 710 ) ( 880 ) Reclassification and other 653 1,399 Balance at end of period $ 1,827 $ 1,884 The following table presents additional information regarding loans acquired and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 (in thousands): December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Outstanding Balance $ 8,368 $ 12,862 Carrying Amount $ 6,290 $ 8,304 Loans acquired with credit deterioration of $ 15,410,000 and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 were individually evaluated to estimate credit losses and a net recovery amount for each loan. The net cash flows for each loan were then discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted market rate. The table below presents the components of the purchase accounting adjustments: (In Thousands) July 7, 2020 Contractually required principal and interest $ 15,410 Non-accretable discount ( 5,213 ) Expected cash flows 10,197 Accretable discount ( 1,724 ) Estimated fair value $ 8,473 There has been no allowance for loan losses recorded for acquired loans with specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality. As of December 31, 2022, for loans that were acquired prior to 2020 with or without specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality, adjustments to the allowance for loan losses have been accounted for through the allowance for loan loss adequacy calculation. The Company maintains a loan review system, which allows for a periodic review of our loan portfolio and the early identification of potential impaired loans. The system takes into consideration, among other things, delinquency status, size of loans, type and market value of collateral and financial condition of the borrowers. Specific loan loss allowances are established for identified losses based on a review of such information. A loan evaluated for impairment is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All loans identified as impaired are evaluated independently. The Company does not aggregate such loans for evaluation purposes. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired, or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring. The following tables show the amount of loans in each category that were individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at the dates indicated: Real Estate Loans Commercial Other Consumer Residential Commercial Agricultural Construction Loans Agricultural Loans Total (In thousands) December 31, 2022 Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 402 $ — $ — $ 61 $ — $ — $ 463 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 567 2,049 2,034 — 1,640 — — 6,290 Collectively evaluated for impairment 298,246 649,093 66,881 32,469 185,556 35,277 200,149 1,467,671 Total Loans $ 298,813 $ 651,544 $ 68,915 $ 32,469 $ 187,257 $ 35,277 $ 200,149 $ 1,474,424 Real Estate Loans Commercial Other Consumer Residential Commercial Agricultural Construction Loans Agricultural Loans Total (In thousands) December 31, 2021 Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,658 $ — $ — $ 16 $ — $ — $ 1,674 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 784 3,285 1,918 — 198 2,119 — 8,304 Collectively evaluated for impairment 272,256 623,781 60,007 21,990 185,817 35,811 146,400 1,346,062 Total Loans $ 273,040 $ 628,724 $ 61,925 $ 21,990 $ 186,031 $ 37,930 $ 146,400 $ 1,356,040 The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable. Unpaid Principal Recorded Principal Associated Investment Balance Allowance December 31, 2022 (In thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real Estate Loans Commercial $ 402 $ 402 $ — Commercial loans 11 11 — Subtotal 413 413 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial loans 50 50 50 Subtotal 50 50 50 Total: Real Estate Loans Commercial $ 402 $ 402 $ — Commercial loans 61 61 50 Total Impaired Loans $ 463 $ 463 $ 50 Unpaid Recorded Principal Associated Investment Balance Allowance December 31, 2021 (In thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Real Estate Loans Commercial $ 141 $ 141 $ — Commercial loans 16 16 — Subtotal 157 157 — With an allowance recorded: Real Estate Loans Commercial 1,517 1,517 272 Subtotal 1,517 1,517 272 Total: Real Estate Loans Residential — Commercial $ 1,658 $ 1,658 $ 272 Commercial loans 16 16 — Total Impaired Loans $ 1,674 $ 1,674 $ 272 The following information for impaired loans is presented for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Average Recorded Interest Income Investment Recognized 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Total: Real Estate Loans Commercial $ 740 $ 2,358 $ 93 $ 157 Commercial loans 24 18 — 7 Total Loans $ 764 $ 2,376 $ 93 $ 164 Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest as a result of financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, who could not obtain comparable terms from alternate financing sources. As of December 31, 2022, there were no troubled debt restructured loans. During 2022, there were no new loan relationships identified as troubled debt restructurings. During 2022, there were no charge-offs on loans classified as troubled debt restructurings. As of December 31, 2021, there were no troubled debt restructured loans. During 2021, there were no new loans relationships identified as troubled debt restructurings. During 2021, there were no charge-offs on loans classified as troubled debt restructurings. Foreclosed assets acquired in settlement of loans are carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell and are included in foreclosed real estate owned on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, foreclosed real estate owned totaled $ 346,000 and $ 1,742,000 , respectively. As of December 31, 2022, included within foreclosed real estate owned is one commercial property that was received via a deed in lieu. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has initiated formal foreclosure proceedings on four consumer residential mortgage loans with an outstanding balance of $ 223,000 . Management uses an eight point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first four categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loans greater than 90 days past due are considered Substandard unless full payment is expected. Any portion of a loan that has been charged off is placed in the Loss category. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Company has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as nonperformance, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Company’s Loan Review Department is responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans on an ongoing basis. Every credit which must be approved by Loan Committee or the Board of Directors is assigned a risk rating at time of consideration. Loan Review also annually reviews relationships of $ 1,500,000 and over to assign or re-affirm risk ratings. Loans in the Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss within the internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate loans $ 646,775 $ 1,079 $ 3,690 $ — $ — $ 651,544 Real estate - agricultural 66,444 368 2,103 — — 68,915 Commercial loans 186,966 184 107 — — 187,257 Other agricultural loans 34,071 556 650 — — 35,277 Total $ 934,256 $ 2,187 $ 6,550 $ — $ — $ 942,993 Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2021 Commercial real estate loans $ 618,541 $ 5,146 $ 4,765 $ — $ 272 $ 628,724 Real estate - agricultural 60,193 — 1,732 — — 61,925 Commercial loans 185,729 199 103 — — 186,031 Other agricultural loans 35,573 210 2,147 — — 37,930 Total $ 900,036 $ 5,555 $ 8,747 $ - $ 272 $ 914,610 For residential real estate loans, construction loans and consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the performance of the individual credits. Nonperforming loans include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans remaining in accrual status on which the contractual payment of principal and interest has become 90 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment in the loan classes based on payment activity as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Performing Nonperforming Total December 31, 2022 Residential real estate loans $ 298,327 $ 486 $ 298,813 Construction 32,469 — 32,469 Consumer loans to individuals 199,985 164 200,149 Total $ 530,781 $ 650 $ 531,431 Performing Nonperforming Total December 31, 2021 Residential real estate loans $ 272,571 $ 469 $ 273,040 Construction 21,990 — 21,990 Consumer loans to individuals 146,345 55 146,400 Total $ 440,906 $ 524 $ 441,430 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Current 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due and still accruing Non-Accrual Total Past Due and Non-Accrual Purchased Credit Impaired Loans Total Loans December 31, 2022 Real Estate loans Residential $ 297,350 $ 187 $ 223 $ — $ 486 $ 896 $ 567 $ 298,813 Commercial 648,688 405 — — 402 807 2,049 651,544 Agricultural 66,751 130 — — — 130 2,034 68,915 Construction 32,469 — — — — — - 32,469 Commercial loans 185,485 71 — — 61 132 1,640 187,257 Other agricultural loans 35,277 — — — — — — 35,277 Consumer loans 198,893 853 239 — 164 1,256 - 200,149 Total $ 1,464,913 $ 1,646 $ 462 $ — $ 1,113 $ 3,221 $ 6,290 $ 1,474,424 Current 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due and still accruing Non-Accrual Total Past Due and Non-Accrual Purchased Credit Impaired Loans Total Loans December 31, 2021 Real Estate loans Residential $ 271,622 $ 155 $ 10 $ — $ 469 $ 634 $ 784 $ 273,040 Commercial 625,336 — — — 103 103 3,285 628,724 Agricultural 59,982 25 — — — 25 1,918 61,925 Construction 21,990 — — — — — - 21,990 Commercial loans 185,801 3 13 91 16 32 198 186,031 Other agricultural loans 35,811 — — — — — 2,119 37,930 Consumer loans 145,986 248 111 — 55 414 - 146,400 Total $ 1,346,528 $ 431 $ 134 $ 91 $ 643 $ 1,208 $ 8,304 $ 1,356,040 The following table presents the allowance for loan losses by the classes of the loan portfolio: (In thousands) Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Construction Commercial Other Agricultural Consumer Total Beginning balance, December 31, 2021 $ 2,175 $ 10,878 $ — $ 133 $ 1,490 $ — $ 1,766 $ 16,442 Charge Offs ( 172 ) ( 20 ) — — ( 16 ) — ( 457 ) ( 665 ) Recoveries 130 82 — — 46 — 64 322 Provision for loan losses 700 ( 2,647 ) 259 276 925 124 1,263 900 Ending balance, December 31, 2022 $ 2,833 $ 8,293 $ 259 $ 409 $ 2,445 $ 124 $ 2,636 $ 16,999 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 50 $ — $ — $ 50 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,833 $ 8,293 $ 259 $ 409 $ 2,395 $ 124 $ 2,636 $ 16,949 (In thousands) Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Consumer Total Beginning balance, December 31, 2020 $ 1,960 $ 8,004 $ 150 $ 1,360 $ 1,676 $ 13,150 Charge Offs ( 17 ) ( 452 ) — ( 200 ) ( 480 ) ( 1,149 ) Recoveries 74 19 — 49 99 241 Provision for loan losses 158 3,307 ( 17 ) 281 471 4,200 Ending balance, December 31, 2021 $ 2,175 $ 10,878 $ 133 $ 1,490 $ 1,766 $ 16,442 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 272 $ — $ — $ — $ 272 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,175 $ 10,606 $ 133 $ 1,490 $ 1,766 $ 16,170 During the period ended December 31, 2022, the allowance for loan losses increased from $ 16,442,000 to $ 16,999,000 . This $ 557,000 increase in the required allowance was due primarily to a $ 2.4 million increase in the qualitative factor related to loan growth and a $ 445,000 increase in the qualitative factor related to large balance loans, which was partially offset by a $ 2.3 million decrease in the qualitative factor related to COVID-19. During the period ended December 31, 2021, the allowance for loan losses increased from $ 13,150,000 to $ 16,442,000 . This $ 3,292,000 increase in the required allowance was due primarily to a $ 1.5 million increase in the qualitative factor related to loan growth and a $ 1.4 million increase due to an increase in the qualitative factor related to large balance loans. Interest income that would have been recorded on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis under the original terms of the loans was $ 182,000 and $ 35,000 for 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company considered its concentration of credit risk to be acceptable. As of December 31, 2022, the highest concentrations are in commercial rentals and the residential rentals category, with loans outstanding of $ 141.9 million, or 9.6 % of loans outstanding, to commercial rentals, and $ 113.0 million, or 7.7 % of loans outstanding, to residential rentals. There were no charge-offs on loans within these concentrations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During 2022, the Company sold residential mortgage loans totaling $ 845,000 . During 2021, the Company sold residential mortgage loans totaling $ 8,616,000 . Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of residential mortgage loans were $ 3,000 and $ 0 , respectively, in 2022 and $ 177,000 and $ 0 , respectively, in 2021. The proceeds from the sales of residential mortgage loans totaled $ 848,000 and $ 8,793,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding value of loans serviced for others totaled $ 60.0 million and $ 65.4 million, respectively. |