Revenue from Contracts with Customers | Revenue from Contracts with Customers Adoption of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (ASC 605). The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue recognition with the delivery of the Company’s software licenses, maintenance and services. ASC 606 requires an entity to evaluate revenue recognition by identifying a contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recorded an increase to retained earnings of $242.4 million , or $183.1 million net of tax, on January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative effect of the ASC 606 adoption, with the impact primarily derived from revenue related to time-based software lease licenses. Revenue Recognition Revenue is derived principally from the licensing of computer software products and from related maintenance contracts. The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns. Revenue from perpetual licenses is classified as software license revenue. Software license revenue is recognized up front upon delivery of the licensed product and the utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys, provided that a signed contract has been received. Typically, the Company’s perpetual licenses are sold with post-contract support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. The Company allocates value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the standalone selling prices of the perpetual license and PCS. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company satisfies the PCS performance obligation over time. In addition to perpetual licenses, the Company sells time-based lease licenses. Lease licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term software license and PCS. Maximizing the use of observable inputs, the Company determined that 50% of the estimated standalone selling price of the lease license is attributable to the term license and 50% is attributable to the PCS. Consistent with the perpetual sales, the license component is classified as software license revenue and recognized as revenue up front at the commencement of the lease. The PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company provides the PCS benefit over time. Revenue from training, support and other services is recognized as the services are performed. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, both training and consulting), the Company measures the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognizes revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, the Company typically utilizes output-based estimates for services with contractual billing arrangements that are not based on time and materials, and estimates output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each work contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure. The Company also executes arrangements through independent channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company's software products to end users of the Company's products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with channel partners when the channel partner submits a purchase commitment, collectability from the channel partner is probable, a license agreement signed by the end-user customer is received and the performance obligation was met, at a point in time or over time as appropriate, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Company by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its channel partners. Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as accounts receivable and accrued expenses. The collection and payment of these amounts are reported on a net basis in the condensed consolidated statements of income and do not impact reported revenues or expenses. The Company warrants to its customers that its software will perform substantially as specified in the Company's current user manuals. The Company has not experienced significant claims related to software warranties beyond the scope of maintenance support, which the Company is already obligated to provide. The warranty is not sold, and cannot be purchased, separately. The warranty does not provide any type of additional service to the customer or performance obligation for the Company. Significant Judgments The Company’s contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. The Company uses the estimated standalone selling price method to allocate the transaction price for items that are not sold separately, particularly lease licenses sold with PCS. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to the Company, including market conditions and other observable inputs. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Sales commissions associated with the initial year of multi-year contracts are expensed as incurred due to their immateriality. Sales commissions associated with multi-year contracts beyond the initial year are subject to an employee service requirement and are expensed as incurred as they are not considered incremental costs to obtain a contract. The Company is required to adjust promised amounts of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of the payments provides the customer or the Company with a significant financing benefit. The Company considers various factors in assessing whether a financing component exists, including the duration of the contract, market interest rates and the timing of payments. The Company’s contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Impact of ASC 606 on Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement Line Items The following table compares the impacted assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 to the amounts had ASC 605 been in effect: September 30, 2018 (in thousands) As Reported (ASC 606) ASC 605 Change Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,100 $ 235,547 $ 102,626 $ 132,921 Other receivables and current assets 162,629 255,654 (93,025 ) Other long-term assets 53,226 38,670 14,556 Deferred income tax assets 22,285 61,123 (38,838 ) Accrued income taxes 5,911 5,853 58 Other accrued expenses and liabilities 83,169 84,836 (1,667 ) Deferred revenue - current 272,872 434,129 (161,257 ) Deferred income tax liabilities 29,955 22,535 7,420 Other long-term liabilities 62,171 73,008 (10,837 ) Stockholders' equity $ 2,548,546 $ 2,366,649 $ 181,897 The Company recorded $244.1 million of deferred revenue to retained earnings upon the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018. The pattern of software lease license revenue recognition has changed under ASC 606. Software lease license revenue was recognized ratably over the term of the contract under the previous guidance; however, approximately 50% of the contract is recognized up front at the commencement of the lease under ASC 606. This change in the pattern of revenue recognition, coupled with the recording of deferred revenue to retained earnings at the adoption date, resulted in the changes to the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items as noted in the table above. The following table compares the impacted amounts on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 to the amounts had ASC 605 been in effect: Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands, except per share data) As Reported (ASC 606) ASC 605 Change As Reported (ASC 606) ASC 605 Change Revenue: Software licenses $ 109,103 $ 166,606 $ (57,503 ) $ 350,296 $ 482,656 $ (132,360 ) Maintenance and service 180,315 135,350 44,965 527,908 397,895 130,013 Cost of sales: Software licenses 4,291 8,488 (4,197 ) 12,301 25,078 (12,777 ) Maintenance and service 26,487 22,290 4,197 80,092 67,315 12,777 Income tax provision 5,927 7,685 (1,758 ) 35,811 36,089 (278 ) Earnings per share: Basic $ 1.06 $ 1.19 $ (0.13 ) $ 3.17 $ 3.19 $ (0.02 ) Diluted $ 1.04 $ 1.16 $ (0.12 ) $ 3.09 $ 3.12 $ (0.03 ) The impacts to reported software licenses revenue, and maintenance and service revenue, were primarily due to the PCS portion of lease license contracts now being allocated to maintenance and service revenue under ASC 606. Under the previous guidance, this revenue was reported as software licenses revenue. This decrease to software licenses revenue was partially offset by the upfront recognition of the license component of lease revenue, which would have been recognized ratably over the contract under prior guidance. Consistent with the change in revenue, there was a corresponding reclassification within cost of sales. Costs incurred related to the PCS portion of lease license contracts are reflected in cost of maintenance and service. Under the previous guidance, such costs were reflected within cost of software licenses. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operations. However, with the adoption of ASC 606, there will be income tax payments associated with deferred revenue and backlog credited to retained earnings and never recognized as revenue in the financial statements. The 2018 tax payments related to the adoption of ASC 606 are expected to be $12.0 million - $15.0 million . Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables summarize revenue: Three Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2018 2018 2017 Revenue: Lease licenses $ 43,202 $ 106,461 $ 93,956 Perpetual licenses 65,901 60,145 62,624 Software licenses 109,103 166,606 156,580 Maintenance 171,463 126,436 112,300 Service 8,852 8,914 6,705 Maintenance and service 180,315 135,350 119,005 Total revenue $ 289,418 $ 301,956 $ 275,585 The Company’s software licenses revenue is recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue is generally recognized over the term of the contract. Under ASC 606, the Company derived 24.5% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the three months ended September 30, 2018 . Under ASC 605, the Company derived 23.5% and 24.1% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2018 (ASC 606) 2018 (ASC 605) 2017 (ASC 605) Revenue: Lease licenses $ 148,795 $ 308,699 $ 279,855 Perpetual licenses 201,501 173,957 168,513 Software licenses 350,296 482,656 448,368 Maintenance 500,962 370,847 324,338 Service 26,946 27,048 20,208 Maintenance and service 527,908 397,895 344,546 Total revenue $ 878,204 $ 880,551 $ 792,914 Under ASC 606, the Company derived 23.9% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . Under ASC 605, the Company derived 23.5% and 24.3% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from software license and maintenance agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term, are as follows: (in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Beginning balance – January 1 $ 299,730 Acquired deferred revenue 2,470 Recognition of deferred revenue (878,204 ) Deferral of revenue 868,522 Currency translation (6,065 ) Ending balance – September 30 $ 286,453 Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and backlog. The Company's backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle and customer orders received but not processed. Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflected above of $878.2 million included amounts in deferred revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $334.4 million . Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations was $544.7 million as of September 30, 2018 and will be recognized as revenue as follows: (in thousands) Next 12 months $ 412,113 Months 13-24 97,182 Months 25-36 26,976 Thereafter 8,444 Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations $ 544,715 |