BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation | Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Moissanite.com, LLC, formed in 2011; Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, formed in 2011; and Charles & Colvard (HK) Ltd., the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiary that became a dormant entity in the second quarter of 2009 and the operations of which ceased in 2008. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates impacting the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to valuation and classification of inventories, accounts receivable reserves, deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, stock compensation expense, and cooperative advertising. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications - Certain amounts in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications primarily relate to segment reporting of revenues and costs of goods sold, with other product line revenues and costs allocated across both loose jewel and finished jewelry product lines. Previously, all amounts for other product lines were included in the loose jewel revenues and product cost of goods sold. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents - All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents. |
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk - Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents.. At times, cash balances may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances. Non-interest-bearing amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurable limits at December 31, 2014 approximated $3.70 million. |
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Trade receivables potentially subject the Company to credit risk. The Company’s standard wholesale customer payment terms on trade receivables are generally between 30 and 90 days, though it may offer extended terms with specific customers and on significant orders from time to time. The Company believes its competitors and other vendors in the wholesale jewelry industry have also expanded their use of extended payment terms and, in aggregate, the Company believes that by expanding its use of extended payment terms, it has provided a competitive response in its market and that its net sales have been favorably impacted. The Company is unable to estimate the impact of this program on its net sales, but if it ceased providing extended payment terms in select instances, the Company believes it would not be competitive for some wholesale customers in the marketplace and that its net sales and profits would likely decrease. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon a number of factors, including an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and credit history, the customer’s payment history with the Company, the customer’s reputation in the trade, and/or an evaluation of the Company’s opportunity to introduce its moissanite jewels or finished jewelry featuring moissanite to new or expanded markets. Collateral is not generally required from customers. The need for an allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other information. The Company has not experienced any significant accounts receivable write-offs related to revenue arrangements with extended payment terms. However, we have increased our reserves for uncollectible accounts primarily due to one customer with extended terms. |
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See Note 12, “Major Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk,” for further discussion of credit risk within trade accounts receivable. |
Accounts Receivable Reserves | Accounts Receivable Reserves - Estimates are used to determine the amount of two reserves against trade accounts receivable. The first reserve is an allowance for sales returns. At the time revenue is recognized, the Company estimates future returns using a historical return rate that is reviewed quarterly with consideration of any contractual return privileges granted to customers, and it reduces sales and trade accounts receivable by this estimated amount. The allowance for sales returns was $910,000 and $1.19 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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The second reserve is an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of the Company’s customers to make required payments. This allowance reduces trade accounts receivable to an amount expected to be collected. Based on historical percentages of uncollectible accounts by aging category, changes in payment history, and facts and circumstances regarding specific accounts that become known to management when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company determines a percentage based on the age of the receivable that it deems uncollectible. The allowance is then calculated by applying the appropriate percentage to each of the Company’s accounts receivable aging categories, with consideration given to individual customer account activity subsequent to the current period, including cash receipts, in determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts in the current period. Any increases or decreases to this allowance are charged or credited, respectively, as a bad debt expense to general and administrative expenses. The Company generally uses an internal collection effort, which may include its sales personnel as it deems appropriate. After all internal collection efforts have been exhausted, the Company generally writes off the account receivable. |
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Any accounts with significant balances are reviewed separately to determine an appropriate allowance based on the facts and circumstances of the specific account. During its review for 2014, the Company analyzed several of its slower-paying customers and determined that one customer required an additional reserve, which constitutes the majority of the reserve as of December 31, 2014. During its review for 2013, the Company determined no additional reserves were necessary. Based on these criteria, management determined that allowances for doubtful accounts receivable of $1.07 million and $522,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were required. |
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The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for doubtful accounts: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 522,000 | | | $ | 549,000 | |
Additions charged to operations | | | 734,243 | | | | 3,690 | |
Write-offs, net of recoveries | | | (182,243 | ) | | | (30,690 | ) |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 1,074,000 | | | $ | 522,000 | |
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Although the Company believes that its reserves are adequate, if the financial condition of its customers deteriorates, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, or if it underestimates the allowances required, additional allowances may be necessary, which would result in increased expense in the period in which such determination is made. |
Inventories | Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market on an average cost basis. Inventory costs include direct material and labor, inbound freight, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, and warehousing costs. Any inventory on hand at the measurement date in excess of the Company’s current requirements based on historical and anticipated levels of sales is classified as long-term on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s classification of long-term inventory requires it to estimate the portion of on-hand inventory that can be realized over the next 12 months and does not include precious metal, labor, and other inventory purchases expected to be both purchased and realized over the next 12 months. |
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The Company’s work-in-process inventories include raw SiC crystals on which processing costs, such as labor and sawing, have been incurred; and components, such as metal castings and finished good moissanite jewels, that have been issued to jobs in the manufacture of finished jewelry. The Company’s moissanite jewel manufacturing process involves the production of intermediary shapes, called “preforms,” that vary depending upon the size and shape of the finished jewel. To maximize manufacturing efficiencies, preforms may be made in advance of current finished inventory needs but remain in work-in-process inventories. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, work-in-process inventories issued to active production jobs approximated $2.05 million and $4.09 million, respectively. |
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The Company has historically sold one grade of jewel that is classified as very good (“VG”) and consists of near-colorless jewels that meet certain standards. Previously, only VG jewels were valued in inventory. During the first quarter of 2010, the Company began a project of sorting its jewels into multiple grades and identified several customers for the sale of lower grades of loose jewels and finished jewelry containing these jewels. As a result, various costs associated with this loose jewel inventory incurred subsequent to the identification of this market have been capitalized. The Company currently sorts its loose jewels based on grade and costs are capitalized accordingly. |
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All inventories are carefully reviewed for quality standards before they are entered into finished goods. As conditions warrant, the Company’s grading standards change. The Company reviews the inventory on an ongoing basis to ensure its inventory meets current quality standards. |
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The Company’s jewels do not degrade in quality over time and inventory generally consists of the shapes and sizes most commonly used in the jewelry industry. In addition, the majority of jewel inventory is not mounted in finished jewelry settings and is therefore not subject to fashion trends nor is obsolescence a significant factor. The Company has very small market penetration in the worldwide jewelry market, and the Company has the exclusive right in the U.S. through mid-2015 and in many other countries through mid-2016 to produce and sell created SiC for use in jewelry applications. In view of the foregoing factors, management has concluded that no excess or obsolete loose jewel inventory reserve requirements existed as of December 31, 2014. |
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The Company manufactures finished jewelry featuring moissanite. Relative to loose moissanite jewels, finished jewelry is more fashion oriented and subject to styling trends that could render certain designs obsolete. The majority of the Company’s finished jewelry featuring moissanite is held in inventory for resale and consists of such basic designs as stud earrings, solitaire and three-stone rings, pendants, and bracelets that tend not to be subject to significant obsolescence risk due to their classic styling. In addition, the Company manufactures small individual quantities of designer-inspired moissanite fashion jewelry as part of its sample line that are used in the selling process to its wholesale customers. |
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In 2011, the Company began purchasing fashion finished jewelry comprised of base metals and non-precious gemstones for sale through Lulu Avenue®, the direct-to-consumer home party division of its wholly owned operating subsidiary, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC. This finished jewelry is fashion oriented and subject to styling trends that may change with each catalog season, of which there are several each year. Typically in the jewelry industry, slow-moving or discontinued lines are sold as closeouts or liquidated in alternative sales channels. The Company reviews the finished jewelry inventory on an ongoing basis for any lower of cost or market and obsolescence issues. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company identified certain fashion finished jewelry inventory that could not be sold due to damage or branding issues, and established an obsolescence reserve of $250,000 and $128,000, respectively, for the carrying costs in excess of any estimated scrap values. No reserve requirement relating to the Company’s finished jewelry featuring moissanite existed as of December 31, 2013. The Company identified $31,000 of finished jewelry featuring moissanite that required an obsolescence reserve as of December 31, 2014. |
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Jewelry inventories consist primarily of finished goods, a portion of which the Company acquired as part of a January 2009 settlement agreement with a former manufacturer customer to reduce the outstanding receivable to the Company. Due to the lack of a plan to market this inventory at that time, a jewelry inventory reserve was established to reduce the majority of the acquired jewelry inventory value to scrap value, or the amount the Company would expect to obtain by melting the gold in the jewelry and returning to loose-jewel finished goods inventory those jewels that meet grading standards. Because the finished jewelry the Company began manufacturing in 2010 after it entered that business was made pursuant to an operational plan to market and sell the inventory, it is not subject to this reserve. |
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The Company also maintains inventory reserves for shrinkage, recuts, and repairs. Shrinkage refers to loose jewels and finished jewelry on review with customers and vendors that may not be returned to the Company. The recuts reserve is for the projected material loss resulting from the re-cutting of damaged jewels into smaller loose jewels to remove the damage. The repairs reserve is for finished jewelry in need of repair before it can be returned to finished goods inventory and be available for sale. |
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The need for adjustments to inventory reserves is evaluated on a period-by-period basis. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows: |
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Machinery and equipment | 5 to 12 years | | | | | | | |
Computer hardware | 3 to 5 years | | | | | | | |
Computer software | 3 years | | | | | | | |
Furniture and fixtures | 5 to 10 years | | | | | | | |
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term | | | | | | | |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets - The Company capitalizes costs associated with obtaining or defending patents issued or pending for inventions and license rights related to the manufacture of moissanite jewels. Such costs are amortized over the life of the patent, generally 17 years. The Company also capitalizes licenses it obtains for the use of certain advertising images and external costs incurred for trademarks. Such costs are amortized over the period of the license or estimated useful life of the trademark, respectively. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets by reviewing them for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value and is recognized as an operating expense in the period in which the determination is made. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. As of December 31, 2014, the Company did not identify any indicators of long-lived asset impairment. |
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In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company routinely reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of its long-lived assets. Any reduction in the useful-life assumption will result in increased depreciation and amortization expense in the period when such determination is made, as well as in subsequent periods. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the useful lives of leasehold improvements associated with the Company’s then-current lease were adjusted to the length of the lease term through July 2014. The additional depreciation recognized for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 as a result of the shortened lives was approximately $74,000 and $58,000, respectively. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition - Revenue is recognized when title transfers at the time of shipment from the Company’s or a third-party fulfillment company’s facility, excluding consignment shipments as discussed below; evidence of an arrangement exists; pricing is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At the time revenue is recognized, an allowance for estimated returns is established. Any change in the allowance for returns is charged against net sales. The Company’s return policy allows for the return of loose jewels and finished jewelry for credit generally within 30 days of shipment and must be returned for a valid reason, such as quality problems or an error in shipment. From time to time, some wholesale customers may have a contractual right to return a certain percentage of goods for any reason for specified periods of time. In these instances, the Company only recognizes revenue when the contractual right of return is exhausted. Periodically, the Company ships finished goods inventory to wholesale customers on consignment terms. Under these terms, the customer assumes the risk of loss and has an absolute right of return for a specified period that typically ranges from six months to one year. The Company’s wholesale customers are generally required to make payments on consignment shipments within 60 days upon the customer informing the Company that it will keep the inventory. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize revenue on these consignment transactions until the earlier of (1) the customer informing the Company that it will keep the inventory or (2) the expiration of the right of return period. |
Cost of Goods Sold | Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold is primarily composed of inventory sold during the period; inventory written off during the period due to ongoing quality reviews or through customer returns; salaries and payroll-related expenses for personnel involved in preparing and shipping product to customers; an allocation of shared expenses such as rent, utilities, communication expenses, and depreciation related to preparing and shipping product to customers; and outbound freight charges. |
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs - Advertising production costs are expensed as incurred. Media placement costs are expensed the first time the advertising appears. |
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The Company also offers a cooperative advertising program to certain of its wholesale customers that reimburses, via a credit towards future purchases, a portion of their marketing costs based on the customers’ net purchases from the Company and is subject to the customer providing documentation of all advertising performed that includes the Company’s products. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, these amounts were approximately $321,000 and $1.03 million, respectively, and are included as a component of sales and marketing expenses. |
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Advertising expenses, inclusive of the cooperative advertising program, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were approximately $1.84 million and $2.74 million, respectively. |
Sales and Marketing | Sales and Marketing - Sales and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. These costs include all expenses of promoting and selling the Company’s products and include such items as the salaries, payroll-related expenses, and travel of sales and marketing personnel; advertising; trade shows; market research; sales commissions; and an allocation of overhead expenses attributable to these activities. Except for an allocation to general and administrative expenses, these costs also include the operating expenses of the Company’s two wholly owned operating subsidiaries Moissanite.com, LLC and Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC. |
General and Administrative | General and Administrative - General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred. These costs include the salaries and payroll-related expenses of executive, finance, information technology, and administrative personnel; legal, investor relations, and professional fees; general office and administrative expenses; Board of Directors fees; rent; bad debts; and insurance. |
Research and Development | Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These costs primarily comprise salary allocations and consultant fees associated with the study of product enhancement and manufacturing process efficiencies. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation - The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards based on estimated fair values on the date of grant. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The fair value of other stock-based compensation awards is determined by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The expense associated with stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each award. |
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Fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model is estimated on the date of grant utilizing certain assumptions for dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected lives of the awards, as follows: |
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| · | Dividend yield - Although the Company issued dividends in prior years, a dividend yield of zero is used due to the uncertainty of future dividend payments. | | | | | | |
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| · | Expected volatility - Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The Company estimates expected volatility giving primary consideration to the historical volatility of its common stock. | | | | | | |
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| · | Risk-free interest rate - The risk-free interest rate is based on the published yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term remaining equal to the expected life of the stock option. | | | | | | |
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| · | Expected lives - The expected lives of the stock options issued in 2014 represent the estimated period of time until exercise or forfeiture and are based on the simplified method of using the mid-point between the vesting term and the original contractual term. Stock options issued prior to 2014 were expensed using expected lives that represented the time until exercise or forfeiture using historical information. | | | | | | |
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The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, the Company’s stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rates of stock-based awards and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. In estimating the Company’s forfeiture rates, the Company analyzed its historical forfeiture rates, the remaining lives of unvested stock-based awards, and the amount of vested awards as a percentage of total awards outstanding. If the Company’s actual forfeiture rates are materially different from its estimates, or if the Company re-evaluates the forfeiture rates in the future, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes - Deferred income taxes are recognized for the income tax consequences of “temporary” differences by applying enacted statutory income tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the income tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. |
Other Comprehensive Income | Other Comprehensive Income - For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any other comprehensive income. |
Net Loss per Common Share | Net Loss per Common Share - Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the periods. Common equivalent shares consist of stock options that are computed using the treasury stock method. |
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The following table reconciles the differences between the basic and diluted net loss per share presentations: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Numerator: | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (13,097,023 | ) | | $ | (1,291,098 | ) |
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Denominator: | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 20,295,618 | | | | 19,904,170 | |
Stock options | | | - | | | | - | |
Diluted | | | 20,295,618 | | | | 19,904,170 | |
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Net loss per common share: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (0.65 | ) | | $ | (0.06 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | (0.65 | ) | | $ | (0.06 | ) |
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For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 stock options to purchase approximately 1.67 million and 1.20 million shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market price of the common shares or the effect of inclusion of such amounts would be anti-dilutive to net loss per common share. |
Recently Adopted/Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted/Issued Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which the Company will adopt the standard in 2017. |
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In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (ASU 2014-15). The amendments in ASU 2014-15 are intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under U.S. GAAP, financial statements are prepared under the presumption that the reporting organization will continue to operate as a going concern, except in limited circumstances. The going concern basis of accounting is critical to financial reporting because it establishes the fundamental basis for measuring and classifying assets and liabilities. Currently, U.S. GAAP lacks guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the organization’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. This ASU provides guidance to an organization’s management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. This standard is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company does not expect this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. |
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All other new and recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not relevant to the Company and therefore are not expected to have any impact once adopted. |