Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Impaired Loans | Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Impaired Loans The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 : As of March 31, 2019 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 38,858 $ — $ 1,787 $ 38,094 $ 5,172,214 $ 5,250,953 Franchise 15,799 — — 534 863,573 879,906 Mortgage warehouse lines of credit — — — — 174,284 174,284 Asset-based lending 1,135 — — 7,821 1,031,878 1,040,834 Leases — — — 2,796 620,088 622,884 PCI - commercial (1) — 2,499 — 455 22,376 25,330 Total commercial 55,792 2,499 1,787 49,700 7,884,413 7,994,191 Commercial real estate: Construction 1,030 — 496 3,877 798,266 803,669 Land 54 — — 3,888 143,759 147,701 Office 4,482 — — 3,364 918,529 926,375 Industrial 267 — 1,039 10,643 953,011 964,960 Retail 7,645 — — 8,149 879,473 895,267 Multi-family 303 — 187 675 1,116,220 1,117,385 Mixed use and other 2,152 — 1,084 17,243 1,987,008 2,007,487 PCI - commercial real estate (1) — 4,265 2,806 7,033 96,557 110,661 Total commercial real estate 15,933 4,265 5,612 54,872 6,892,823 6,973,505 Home equity 7,885 — 810 4,315 515,438 528,448 Residential real estate, including PCI 15,879 1,481 509 11,112 1,024,543 1,053,524 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 14,797 6,558 5,628 20,767 2,941,038 2,988,788 Life insurance loans — 168 4,788 35,046 4,349,597 4,389,599 PCI - life insurance loans (1) — — — — 165,770 165,770 Consumer and other, including PCI 326 280 47 350 119,801 120,804 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 110,612 $ 15,251 $ 19,181 $ 176,162 $ 23,893,423 $ 24,214,629 As of December 31, 2018 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 34,298 $ — $ 1,451 $ 21,618 $ 5,062,729 $ 5,120,096 Franchise 16,051 — — 8,738 924,190 948,979 Mortgage warehouse lines of credit — — — — 144,199 144,199 Asset-based lending 635 — 200 3,156 1,022,065 1,026,056 Leases — — — 1,250 564,430 565,680 PCI - commercial (1) — 3,313 — 99 20,116 23,528 Total commercial 50,984 3,313 1,651 34,861 7,737,729 7,828,538 Commercial real estate Construction 1,554 — — 9,424 749,846 760,824 Land 107 — 170 107 141,097 141,481 Office 3,629 — 877 5,077 929,739 939,322 Industrial 285 — — 16,596 885,367 902,248 Retail 10,753 — 1,890 1,729 878,106 892,478 Multi-family 311 — 77 5,575 970,597 976,560 Mixed use and other 2,490 — 1,617 8,983 2,192,105 2,205,195 PCI - commercial real estate (1) — 6,241 6,195 4,075 98,633 115,144 Total commercial real estate 19,129 6,241 10,826 51,566 6,845,490 6,933,252 Home equity 7,147 — 131 3,105 541,960 552,343 Residential real estate, including PCI 16,383 1,292 1,692 6,171 976,926 1,002,464 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 11,335 7,799 11,382 15,085 2,796,058 2,841,659 Life insurance loans — — 8,407 24,628 4,340,856 4,373,891 PCI - life insurance loans (1) — — — — 167,903 167,903 Consumer and other, including PCI 348 227 87 733 119,246 120,641 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 105,326 $ 18,872 $ 34,176 $ 136,149 $ 23,526,168 $ 23,820,691 (1) PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments. As of March 31, 2018 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 10,051 $ — $ 594 $ 31,475 $ 4,518,760 $ 4,560,880 Franchise 2,401 — 44 1,203 931,710 935,358 Mortgage warehouse lines of credit — — — 5,771 157,699 163,470 Asset-based lending 1,194 — 47 12,611 963,883 977,735 Leases 361 — — 3,170 410,667 414,198 PCI - commercial (1) — 856 86 3 8,285 9,230 Total commercial 14,007 856 771 54,233 6,991,004 7,060,871 Commercial real estate: Construction 3,139 — — 9,576 802,921 815,636 Land 182 — — 4,527 117,981 122,690 Office 474 — 925 11,466 878,206 891,071 Industrial 1,427 — 823 5,027 898,867 906,144 Retail 12,274 — — 4,785 878,563 895,622 Multi-family 19 — — 328 931,008 931,355 Mixed use and other 4,310 — 192 13,626 1,937,328 1,955,456 PCI - commercial real estate (1) — 3,107 1,623 9,134 101,682 115,546 Total commercial real estate 21,825 3,107 3,563 58,469 6,546,556 6,633,520 Home equity 9,828 — 1,505 4,033 611,181 626,547 Residential real estate, including PCI 17,214 1,437 229 8,808 841,416 869,104 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 17,342 8,547 6,543 17,756 2,525,962 2,576,150 Life insurance loans — — 5,125 11,420 3,986,181 4,002,726 PCI - life insurance loans (1) — — — — 187,235 187,235 Consumer and other, including PCI 720 269 216 291 104,485 105,981 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 80,936 $ 14,216 $ 17,952 $ 155,010 $ 21,794,020 $ 22,062,134 (1) PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments. The Company's ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, the Company operates a credit risk rating system under which our credit management personnel assign a credit risk rating (1 to 10 rating) to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis. Each loan officer is responsible for monitoring his or her loan portfolio, recommending a credit risk rating for each loan in his or her portfolio and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then ratified by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors including: a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s Problem Loan Reporting system automatically includes all loans with credit risk ratings of 6 through 9. This system is designed to provide an on-going detailed tracking mechanism for each problem loan. Once management determines that a loan has deteriorated to a point where it has a credit risk rating of 6 or worse, the Company’s Managed Asset Division performs an overall credit and collateral review. As part of this review, all underlying collateral is identified and the valuation methodology is analyzed and tracked. As a result of this initial review by the Company’s Managed Asset Division, the credit risk rating is reviewed and a portion of the outstanding loan balance may be deemed uncollectible or an impairment reserve may be established. The Company’s impairment analysis utilizes an independent re-appraisal of the collateral (unless such a third-party evaluation is not possible due to the unique nature of the collateral, such as a closely-held business or thinly traded securities). In the case of commercial real estate collateral, an independent third party appraisal is ordered by the Company’s Real Estate Services Group to determine if there has been any change in the underlying collateral value. These independent appraisals are reviewed by the Real Estate Services Group and sometimes by independent third party valuation experts and may be adjusted depending upon market conditions. Through the credit risk rating process, loans are reviewed to determine if they are performing in accordance with the original contractual terms. If the borrower has failed to comply with the original contractual terms, further action may be required by the Company, including a downgrade in the credit risk rating, movement to non-accrual status, a charge-off or the establishment of a specific impairment reserve. If a loan amount, or portion thereof, is determined to be uncollectible, the loan’s credit risk rating is immediately downgraded to an 8 or 9 and the uncollectible amount is charged-off. Any loan that has a partial charge-off continues to be assigned a credit risk rating of an 8 or 9 for the duration of time that a balance remains outstanding. The Company undertakes a thorough and ongoing analysis to determine if additional impairment and/or charge-offs are appropriate and to begin a workout plan for the credit to minimize actual losses. If, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, a specific impairment reserve is established. In determining the appropriate charge-off for collateral-dependent loans, the Company considers the results of appraisals for the associated collateral. Non-performing loans include all non-accrual loans (8 and 9 risk ratings) as well as loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest, excluding PCI loans. The remainder of the portfolio is considered performing under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The following table presents the recorded investment based on performance of loans by class, per the most recent analysis at March 31, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 : Performing Non-performing Total (Dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, March 31, March 31, December 31, March 31, March 31, December 31, March 31, Loan Balances: Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 5,212,095 $ 5,085,798 $ 4,550,829 $ 38,858 $ 34,298 $ 10,051 $ 5,250,953 $ 5,120,096 $ 4,560,880 Franchise 864,107 932,928 932,957 15,799 16,051 2,401 879,906 948,979 935,358 Mortgage warehouse lines of credit 174,284 144,199 163,470 — — — 174,284 144,199 163,470 Asset-based lending 1,039,699 1,025,421 976,541 1,135 635 1,194 1,040,834 1,026,056 977,735 Leases 622,884 565,680 413,837 — — 361 622,884 565,680 414,198 PCI - commercial (1) 25,330 23,528 9,230 — — — 25,330 23,528 9,230 Total commercial 7,938,399 7,777,554 7,046,864 55,792 50,984 14,007 7,994,191 7,828,538 7,060,871 Commercial real estate Construction 802,639 759,270 812,497 1,030 1,554 3,139 803,669 760,824 815,636 Land 147,647 141,374 122,508 54 107 182 147,701 141,481 122,690 Office 921,893 935,693 890,597 4,482 3,629 474 926,375 939,322 891,071 Industrial 964,693 901,963 904,717 267 285 1,427 964,960 902,248 906,144 Retail 887,622 881,725 883,348 7,645 10,753 12,274 895,267 892,478 895,622 Multi-family 1,117,082 976,249 931,336 303 311 19 1,117,385 976,560 931,355 Mixed use and other 2,005,335 2,202,705 1,951,146 2,152 2,490 4,310 2,007,487 2,205,195 1,955,456 PCI - commercial real estate (1) 110,661 115,144 115,546 — — — 110,661 115,144 115,546 Total commercial real estate 6,957,572 6,914,123 6,611,695 15,933 19,129 21,825 6,973,505 6,933,252 6,633,520 Home equity 520,563 545,196 616,719 7,885 7,147 9,828 528,448 552,343 626,547 Residential real estate, including PCI 1,037,615 986,081 851,890 15,909 16,383 17,214 1,053,524 1,002,464 869,104 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 2,967,433 2,822,525 2,550,261 21,355 19,134 25,889 2,988,788 2,841,659 2,576,150 Life insurance loans 4,389,431 4,373,891 4,002,726 168 — — 4,389,599 4,373,891 4,002,726 PCI - life insurance loans (1) 165,770 167,903 187,235 — — — 165,770 167,903 187,235 Consumer and other, including PCI 120,260 120,184 105,054 544 457 927 120,804 120,641 105,981 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 24,097,043 $ 23,707,457 $ 21,972,444 $ 117,586 $ 113,234 $ 89,690 $ 24,214,629 $ 23,820,691 $ 22,062,134 (1) PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. See Note 6 - Loans for further discussion of these purchased loans. A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: Three months ended March 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Allowance for credit losses Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period $ 67,826 $ 60,267 $ 8,507 $ 7,194 $ 7,715 $ 1,261 $ 152,770 Other adjustments — (24 ) (7 ) (7 ) 11 — (27 ) Reclassification from allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments — (16 ) — — — — (16 ) Charge-offs (503 ) (3,734 ) (88 ) (3 ) (2,210 ) (102 ) (6,640 ) Recoveries 318 480 62 29 556 56 1,501 Provision for credit losses 6,997 877 153 417 2,147 33 10,624 Allowance for loan losses at period end $ 74,638 $ 57,850 $ 8,627 $ 7,630 $ 8,219 $ 1,248 $ 158,212 Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments at period end $ — $ 1,410 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,410 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 74,638 $ 59,260 $ 8,627 $ 7,630 $ 8,219 $ 1,248 $ 159,622 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 11,858 $ 517 $ 796 $ 302 $ — $ 133 $ 13,606 Collectively evaluated for impairment 62,317 58,623 7,831 7,267 8,219 1,115 145,372 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 463 120 — 61 — — 644 Loans at period end Individually evaluated for impairment $ 75,442 $ 30,300 $ 15,779 $ 22,464 $ — $ 376 $ 144,361 Collectively evaluated for impairment 7,893,419 6,832,544 512,669 921,204 7,378,387 117,753 23,655,976 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 25,330 110,661 — 8,785 165,770 2,675 313,221 Loans held at fair value — — — 101,071 — — 101,071 Three months ended March 31, 2018 Commercial Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (Dollars in thousands) Allowance for credit losses Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period $ 57,811 $ 55,227 $ 10,493 $ 6,688 $ 6,846 $ 840 $ 137,905 Other adjustments (1 ) (24 ) — (3 ) (12 ) — (40 ) Reclassification from allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments — 26 — — — — 26 Charge-offs (2,687 ) (813 ) (357 ) (571 ) (4,721 ) (129 ) (9,278 ) Recoveries 262 1,687 123 40 385 47 2,544 Provision for credit losses 2,251 1,378 (399 ) 124 4,835 157 8,346 Allowance for loan losses at period end $ 57,636 $ 57,481 $ 9,860 $ 6,278 $ 7,333 $ 915 $ 139,503 Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments at period end $ — $ 1,243 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,243 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 57,636 $ 58,724 $ 9,860 $ 6,278 $ 7,333 $ 915 $ 140,746 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,344 $ 3,611 $ 749 $ 148 $ — $ 25 $ 6,877 Collectively evaluated for impairment 54,789 55,042 9,111 6,029 7,333 890 133,194 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 503 71 — 101 — — 675 Loans at period end Individually evaluated for impairment $ 33,810 $ 38,237 $ 10,102 $ 20,558 $ — $ 748 $ 103,455 Collectively evaluated for impairment 7,017,831 6,479,737 616,445 768,859 6,578,876 103,224 21,564,972 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 9,230 115,546 — 11,725 187,235 2,009 325,745 Loans held at fair value — — — 67,962 — — 67,962 Impaired Loans A summary of impaired loans, including troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"), is as follows: March 31, December 31, March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 2018 Impaired loans (included in non-performing and TDRs): Impaired loans with an allowance for loan loss required (1) $ 72,539 $ 60,219 $ 37,572 Impaired loans with no allowance for loan loss required 71,579 67,050 65,559 Total impaired loans (2) $ 144,118 $ 127,269 $ 103,131 Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans $ 13,599 $ 11,437 $ 6,863 TDRs $ 88,362 $ 66,102 $ 47,676 (1) These impaired loans require an allowance for loan losses because the estimated fair value of the loans or related collateral is less than the recorded investment in the loans. (2) Impaired loans are considered by the Company to be non-accrual loans, TDRs or loans with principal and/or interest at risk, even if the loan is current with all payments of principal and interest. The following tables present impaired loans by loan class for the periods ended as follows: For the Three Months Ended As of March 31, 2019 March 31, 2019 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 33,360 $ 33,623 $ 6,919 $ 33,641 $ 656 Franchise 15,776 16,256 4,702 15,855 243 Asset-based lending 331 331 237 335 7 Leases 1,691 1,691 — 1,701 21 Commercial real estate Construction — — — — — Land 45 45 9 45 1 Office 3,055 3,120 149 3,070 35 Industrial — — — — — Retail 5,114 5,114 41 5,116 51 Multi-family 1,185 1,185 30 1,185 12 Mixed use and other 1,082 1,118 281 1,085 13 Home equity 6,316 6,694 796 6,335 60 Residential real estate 4,390 4,664 302 4,403 42 Consumer and other 194 241 133 195 3 Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 17,411 $ 20,125 $ — $ 17,481 $ 316 Franchise 5,145 5,147 — 5,147 101 Asset-based lending 934 1,332 — 1,120 24 Leases 794 831 — 810 13 Commercial real estate Construction 2,146 2,671 — 2,496 33 Land 3,285 3,380 — 3,301 47 Office 1,991 2,006 — 1,993 29 Industrial 295 432 — 304 7 Retail 8,059 11,405 — 10,198 150 Multi-family 303 403 — 306 3 Mixed use and other 3,496 3,812 — 3,528 58 Home equity 9,463 12,658 — 9,560 155 Residential real estate 18,075 20,823 — 18,098 225 Consumer and other 182 276 — 184 3 Total impaired loans, net of unearned income $ 144,118 $ 159,383 $ 13,599 $ 147,492 $ 2,308 For the Twelve Months Ended As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 16,703 $ 17,029 $ 4,866 $ 17,868 $ 1,181 Franchise 16,021 16,256 1,375 16,221 909 Asset-based lending 557 557 317 689 50 Leases 1,730 1,730 — 1,812 91 Commercial real estate Construction 1,554 1,554 550 1,554 76 Land — — — — — Office 573 638 21 587 25 Industrial — — — — — Retail 14,633 14,633 3,413 14,694 676 Multi-family — — — — — Mixed use and other 1,188 1,221 293 1,354 66 Home equity 3,133 3,470 282 3,165 131 Residential real estate 4,011 4,263 204 4,056 159 Consumer and other 116 129 116 119 7 Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 18,314 $ 21,501 $ — $ 20,547 $ 1,143 Franchise 5,152 5,154 — 5,320 403 Asset-based lending 207 601 — 569 51 Leases 845 879 — 936 56 Commercial real estate Construction 1,117 1,117 — 1,218 52 Land 3,396 3,491 — 3,751 198 Office 3,629 3,642 — 3,651 184 Industrial 322 450 — 363 30 Retail 1,592 1,945 — 1,699 110 Multi-family 1,498 1,595 — 1,529 55 Mixed use and other 3,522 3,836 — 3,611 227 Home equity 9,122 12,383 — 9,323 564 Residential real estate 18,053 20,765 — 18,552 883 Consumer and other 281 407 — 293 20 Total impaired loans, net of unearned income $ 127,269 $ 139,246 $ 11,437 $ 133,481 $ 7,347 For the Three Months Ended As of March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 5,521 $ 5,587 $ 1,738 $ 5,607 $ 83 Franchise — — — — — Asset-based lending 1,107 1,107 475 1,166 20 Leases 2,213 2,221 131 2,247 27 Commercial real estate Construction 3,097 3,897 599 3,097 50 Land 1,500 1,500 3 1,567 17 Office 1,479 2,078 73 1,483 24 Industrial 63 172 1 63 2 Retail 15,347 15,415 2,512 15,315 166 Multi-family 1,234 1,277 21 1,254 12 Mixed use and other 2,036 2,281 388 2,054 30 Home equity 1,697 1,889 749 1,699 19 Residential real estate 2,253 2,956 148 2,258 33 Consumer and other 25 27 25 25 — Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded Commercial Commercial, industrial and other $ 5,480 $ 6,777 $ — $ 5,650 $ 109 Franchise 18,657 18,661 — 18,675 239 Asset-based lending 86 231 — 182 3 Leases 746 746 — 754 11 Commercial real estate Construction 1,363 1,364 — 1,364 15 Land 2,329 2,434 — 2,339 31 Office 59 754 — 61 11 Industrial 1,427 1,485 — 1,430 20 Retail 2,695 2,992 — 2,710 58 Multi-family — 84 — — 1 Mixed use and other 5,284 5,981 — 5,340 80 Home equity 8,405 12,535 — 8,255 151 Residential real estate 18,305 20,983 — 18,630 222 Consumer and other 723 870 — 726 12 Total impaired loans, net of unearned income $ 103,131 $ 116,304 $ 6,863 $ 103,951 $ 1,446 TDRs At March 31, 2019 , the Company had $88.4 million in loans modified in TDRs. The $88.4 million in TDRs represents 163 credits in which economic concessions were granted to certain borrowers to better align the terms of their loans with their current ability to pay. The Company’s approach to restructuring loans, excluding PCI loans, is built on its credit risk rating system which requires credit management personnel to assign a credit risk rating to each loan. In each case, the loan officer is responsible for recommending a credit risk rating for each loan and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then reviewed and approved by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s credit risk rating scale is one through ten with higher scores indicating higher risk. In the case of loans rated six or worse following modification, the Company’s Managed Assets Division evaluates the loan and the credit risk rating and determines that the loan has been restructured to be reasonably assured of repayment and of performance according to the modified terms and is supported by a current, well-documented credit assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. A modification of a loan, excluding PCI loans, with an existing credit risk rating of 6 or worse or a modification of any other credit, which will result in a restructured credit risk rating of six or worse, must be reviewed for possible TDR classification. In that event, our Managed Assets Division conducts an overall credit and collateral review. A modification of these loans is considered to be a TDR if both (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) for economic or legal reasons, the bank grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The modification of a loan, excluding PCI loans, where the credit risk rating is 5 or better both before and after such modification is not considered to be a TDR. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties and therefore, are not considered TDRs. All credits determined to be a TDR will continue to be classified as a TDR in all subsequent periods, unless the borrower has been in compliance with the loan’s modified terms for a period of six months (including over a calendar year-end) and the current interest rate represents a market rate at the time of restructuring. The Managed Assets Division, in consultation with the respective loan officer, determines whether the modified interest rate represented a current market rate at the time of restructuring. Using knowledge of current market conditions and rates, competitive pricing on recent loan originations, and an assessment of various characteristics of the modified loan (including collateral position and payment history), an appropriate market rate for a new borrower with similar risk is determined. If the modified interest rate meets or exceeds this market rate for a new borrower with similar risk, the modified interest rate represents a market rate at the time of restructuring. Additionally, before removing a loan from TDR classification, a review of the current or previously measured impairment on the loan and any concerns related to future performance by the borrower is conducted. If concerns exist about the future ability of the borrower to meet its obligations under the loans based on a credit review by the Managed Assets Division, the TDR classification is not removed from the loan. TDRs are reviewed at the time of the modification and on a quarterly basis to determine if a specific reserve is necessary. The carrying amount of the loan is compared to the expected payments to be received, discounted at the loan's original rate, or for collateral dependent loans, to the fair value of the collateral. Any shortfall is recorded as a specific reserve. The Company, in accordance with ASC 310-10, continues to individually measure impairment of these loans after the TDR classification is removed. Each TDR was reviewed for impairment at March 31, 2019 and approximately $6.7 million of impairment was present and appropriately reserved for through the Company’s normal reserving methodology in the Company’s allowance for loan losses. For TDRs in which impairment is calculated by the present value of future cash flows, the Company records interest income representing the decrease in impairment resulting from the passage of time during the respective period, which differs from interest income from contractually required interest on these specific loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company recorded $34,000 and $21,000 , respectively, of interest income, which was reflected as a decrease in impairment. TDRs may arise when, due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to OREO, which is included within other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. At March 31, 2019 , the Company had $4.2 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties included within OREO. Furthermore, the recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $14.2 million and $11.4 million at March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The tables below present a summary of the post-modification balance of loans restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, which represent TDRs: Three months ended March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Total (1)(2) Extension at Below Market (2) Reduction of Interest Rate (2) Modification to Interest-only Payments (2) Forgiveness of Debt (2) Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Commercial Commercial, industrial and other 8 $ 18,854 1 $ 432 — $ — 7 $ 18,422 — $ — Asset-based lending 1 76 1 76 — — — — — — Commercial real estate Mixed use and other 1 302 — — — — 1 302 — — Residential real estate and other 20 4,486 20 4,486 6 1,547 — — — — Total loans 30 $ 23,718 22 $ 4,994 6 $ 1,547 8 $ 18,724 — $ — (1) TDRs may have more than one modification representing a concession. As such, TDRs during the period may be represented in more than one of the categories noted above. (2) Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring. Three months ended March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Total (1)(2) Extension at Below Market Terms (2) Reduction of Interest Rate (2) Modification to Interest-only Payments (2) Forgiveness of Debt (2) Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Commercial Commercial, industrial and other 1 $ 96 1 $ 96 — $ — — $ — — $ — Commercial real estate Office 1 59 1 59 — — — — — — Mixed use and other — — — — — — — — — — Residential real estate and other 5 835 5 835 2 111 — — — — Total loans 7 $ 990 7 $ 990 2 $ 111 — $ — — $ — (1) TDRs may have more than one modification representing a concession. As such, TDRs during the period may be represented in more than one of the categories noted above. (2) Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , 30 loans totaling $23.7 million were determined to be TDRs, compared to seven loans totaling $990,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Of these loans extended at below market terms, the weighted average extension had a term of approximately 12 months during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 compared to 74 months for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 . Further, the weighted average decrease in the stated interest rate for loans with a reduction of interest rate during the period was approximately 211 basis points and 287 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Interest-only payment terms were approximately three months during the three months ended March 31, 2019 . Additionally, no principal balances were forgiven in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018. The following table presents a summary of all loans restructured in TDRs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , and such loans which were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below: (Dollars in thousands) As of March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 As of March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Total (1)(3) Payments in Default (2)(3) Total (1)(3) Payments in Default (2)(3) Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Count Balance Commercial Commercial, industrial and other 11 $ 32,199 1 $ 77 5 $ 3,776 5 $ 3,776 Franchise 3 5,157 — — — — — — Asset-based lending 2 206 2 206 — — — — Leases 1 239 — — 3 16,256 — — Commercial real estate Office — — — — 1 59 — — Mixed use and other 3 757 3 757 — — — — Residential real estate and other 74 13,411 9 1,759 15 3,711 5 2,551 Total loans 94 $ 51,969 15 $ 2,799 24 $ 23,802 10 $ 6,327 (1) Total TDRs represent all loans restructured in TDRs during the previous twelve months from the date indicated. (2) TDRs considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past-due subsequent to the restructuring. (3) Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring. |