Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses In accordance with ASC 326, the Company is required to measure the allowance for credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective or pooled basis. In considering the segmentation of financial assets measured at amortized cost into pools, the Company considered various risk characteristics in its analysis. Generally, the segmentation utilized represents the level at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses for the financial asset held at amortized cost, specifically the Company's loan portfolio and debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. Below is a summary of the Company's loan portfolio segments and major debt security types: Commercial loans, including PPP loans: The Company makes commercial loans for many purposes, including working capital lines and leasing arrangements, that are generally renewable annually and supported by business assets, personal guarantees and additional collateral. Underlying collateral includes receivables, inventory, enterprise value and the assets of the business. Commercial business lending is generally considered to involve a slightly higher degree of risk than traditional consumer bank lending. This portfolio includes a range of industries, including manufacturing, restaurants, franchise, professional services, equipment finance and leasing, mortgage warehouse lending and industrial. The Company also originates loans through PPP. Administered by the SBA, PPP provides short-term relief primarily related to the disruption from COVID-19 to companies and non-profits that meet the SBA’s definition of an eligible small business. Under the program, the SBA will forgive all or a portion of the loan if, during a certain period, loans are used for qualifying expenses. If all or a portion of the loan is not forgiven, the borrower is responsible for repayment. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, including any portion not forgiven. The SBA guarantee exists at the inception of the loan and throughout its life and is not separated from the loan if the loan is subsequently sold or transferred. As it is not considered a freestanding contract, the Company considers the impact of the SBA guarantee when measuring the allowance for credit losses. Commercial real estate loans, including construction and development, and non-construction: The Company's commercial real estate loans are generally secured by a first mortgage lien and assignment of rents on the underlying property. Since most of the Company's bank branches are located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin, a significant portion of the Company's commercial real estate loan portfolio is located in this region. As the risks and circumstances of such loans in construction phase vary from that of non-construction commercial real estate loans, the Company assessed the allowance for credit losses separately for these two segments. Home equity loans: The Company's home equity loans and lines of credit are primarily originated by each of the bank subsidiaries in their local markets where there is a strong understanding of the underlying real estate value. The Company's banks monitor and manage these loans, and conduct an automated review of all home equity loans and lines of credit at least twice per year. The banks subsidiaries use this information to manage loans that may be higher risk and to determine whether to obtain additional credit information or updated property valuations. In a limited number of cases, the Company may issue home equity credit together with first mortgage financing, and requests for such financing are evaluated on a combined basis. Residential real estate loans: The Company's residential real estate portfolio predominantly includes one- to four-family adjustable rate mortgages that have repricing terms generally from one to three years, construction loans to individuals and bridge financing loans for qualifying customers. The Company's adjustable rate mortgages relate to properties located principally in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin or vacation homes owned by local residents. The Company believes that since this loan portfolio consists primarily of locally originated loans, and since the majority of the borrowers are longer-term customers with lower LTV ratios, the Company faces a relatively low risk of borrower default and delinquency. It is not the Company's current practice to underwrite, and there are no plans to underwrite subprime, Alt A, no or little documentation loans, or option ARM loans. Premium finance receivables: The Company makes loans to businesses to finance the insurance premiums they pay on their commercial insurance policies. The loans are indirectly originated by working through independent medium and large insurance agents and brokers located throughout the United States and Canada. The insurance premiums financed are primarily for commercial customers’ purchases of liability, property and casualty and other commercial insurance. This lending involves relatively rapid turnover of the loan portfolio and high volume of loan originations. The Company performs ongoing credit and other reviews of the agents and brokers to mitigate against the risk of fraud. The Company also originates life insurance premium finance receivables. These loans are originated directly with the borrowers with assistance from life insurance carriers, independent insurance agents, financial advisors and legal counsel. The life insurance policy is the primary form of collateral. In addition, these loans often are secured with a letter of credit, marketable securities or certificates of deposit. In some cases, the Company may make a loan that has a partially unsecured position. Consumer and other loans: Included in the consumer and other loan category is a wide variety of personal and consumer loans to individuals. The Company originates consumer loans in order to provide a wider range of financial services to their customers. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than mortgage loans but generally involve more credit risk than mortgage loans due to the type and nature of the collateral. U.S. government agency securities: This security type includes debt obligations of certain government-sponsored entities of the U.S. government such as the Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation and Fannie Mae. Such securities often contain an explicit or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government. Municipal securities: The Company's municipal securities portfolio include bond issues for various municipal government entities located throughout the United States, including the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin, some of which are privately placed and non-rated. Though the risk of loss is typically low, including within the Company, default history exists on municipal securities within the United States. The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio by the segmentation noted above at September 30, 2020 , December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 . For periods prior to January 1, 2020, PCI loans are disclosed in segmentation consistent with that discussed above for comparative purposes. For accounting purposes, including recognition of interest income, PCI loans were aggregated into pools by common risk characteristics separate from non-acquired loans. As a result of the implementation of ASU 2016-13, beginning in the first quarter of 2020, PCI loans transitioned to a classification of purchased financial assets with credit deterioration ("PCD"), which no longer maintains the prior pools and related accounting concepts. Recognition of interest income on PCD loans is considered at the individual asset level following the Company's accrual policies, instead of based upon the entire pool of loans. As a result, such PCD loans are included within nonaccrual status, if applicable. As of September 30, 2020 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (In thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: Commercial Commercial, industrial and other, excluding PPP loans $ 42,036 $ — $ 2,168 $ 48,271 $ 8,805,511 $ 8,897,986 Commercial PPP loans — — — — 3,379,013 3,379,013 Commercial real estate Construction and development 10,980 — — 12,150 1,310,019 1,333,149 Non-construction 57,835 — 8,299 41,312 6,982,547 7,089,993 Home equity 6,329 — 70 1,148 438,727 446,274 Residential real estate 22,069 — 814 2,443 1,359,484 1,384,810 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 21,080 12,177 7,495 18,839 4,000,553 4,060,144 Life insurance loans — — 30,791 61,893 5,396,148 5,488,832 Consumer and other 422 175 273 493 53,991 55,354 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 160,751 $ 12,352 $ 49,910 $ 186,549 $ 31,725,993 $ 32,135,555 As of December 31, 2019 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (In thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: (1) Commercial Commercial, industrial and other, excluding PPP loans $ 37,224 $ 1,855 $ 3,275 $ 77,324 $ 8,166,242 $ 8,285,920 Commercial PPP loans — — — — — — Commercial real estate Construction and development 2,112 3,514 5,292 48,964 1,223,567 1,283,449 Non-construction 24,001 11,432 26,254 48,603 6,626,537 6,736,827 Home equity 7,363 — 454 3,533 501,716 513,066 Residential real estate 13,797 5,771 3,089 18,041 1,313,523 1,354,221 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 20,590 11,517 12,119 18,783 3,379,018 3,442,027 Life insurance loans 590 — — 32,559 5,041,453 5,074,602 Consumer and other 231 287 40 344 109,276 110,178 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 105,908 $ 34,376 $ 50,523 $ 248,151 $ 26,361,332 $ 26,800,290 As of September 30, 2019 90+ days and still accruing 60-89 days past due 30-59 days past due (In thousands) Nonaccrual Current Total Loans Loan Balances: (1) Commercial Commercial, industrial and other, excluding PPP loans $ 43,931 $ 382 $ 12,860 $ 51,487 $ 8,086,942 $ 8,195,602 Commercial PPP loans — — — — — — Commercial real estate Construction and development 2,024 576 88 7,050 1,032,473 1,042,211 Non-construction 19,533 4,416 9,541 26,048 6,346,918 6,406,456 Home equity 7,920 — 95 3,100 501,188 512,303 Residential real estate 13,447 3,244 1,868 1,433 1,198,674 1,218,666 Premium finance receivables Commercial insurance loans 15,950 10,612 8,853 16,972 3,397,563 3,449,950 Life insurance loans 590 — 17,753 27,795 4,749,358 4,795,496 Consumer and other 224 117 55 272 88,819 89,487 Total loans, net of unearned income $ 103,619 $ 19,347 $ 51,113 $ 134,157 $ 25,401,935 $ 25,710,171 (1) Includes PCD loans and, for periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, PCI loans. PCI loans represented loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings disclosed in comparative periods are based upon contractually required payments. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company transitioned all previously classified PCI loans to PCD loans effective January 1, 2020. Credit Quality Indicators Credit quality indicators, specifically the Company's internal risk rating systems, reflect how the Company monitors credit losses and represents factors used by the Company when measuring the allowance for credit losses. The following discusses the Company's credit quality indicators by financial asset. Loan portfolios The Company's ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, the Company operates a credit risk rating system under which credit management personnel assign a credit risk rating (1 to 10 rating) to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis. These credit risk ratings are also an important aspect of the Company's allowance for credit losses measurement methodology. The credit risk rating structure and classifications are shown below: Pass (risk rating 1 to 5): Based on various factors (liquidity, leverage, etc.), the Company believes asset quality is acceptable and is deemed to not require additional monitoring by the Company. Special mention (risk rating 6): Assets in this category are currently protected, potentially weak, but not to the point of substandard classification. Loss potential is moderate if corrective action is not taken. Substandard accrual (risk rating 7): Assets in this category have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Loss potential is distinct but with no discernible impairment. Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful (risk rating 8 and 9): Assets have all the weaknesses in those classified “substandard accrual” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, improbable. Loss/fully charged-off (risk rating 10): Assets in this category are considered fully uncollectible. As such, these assets have no carrying balance on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. Each loan officer is responsible for monitoring his or her loan portfolio, recommending a credit risk rating for each loan in his or her portfolio and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then ratified by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors including: a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s Problem Loan Reporting system includes all loans with credit risk ratings of 6 through 9. This system is designed to provide an on-going detailed tracking mechanism for each problem loan. Once management determines that a loan has deteriorated to a point where it has a credit risk rating of 6 or worse, the Company’s Managed Asset Division performs an overall credit and collateral review. As part of this review, all underlying collateral is identified and the valuation methodology is analyzed and tracked. As a result of this initial review by the Company’s Managed Asset Division, the credit risk rating is reviewed and a portion of the outstanding loan balance may be deemed uncollectible and, as a result, no longer share similar risk characteristics as its related pool. If that is the case, the individual loan is considered collateral dependent and individually assessed for an allowance for credit loss. The Company’s individual assessment utilizes an independent re-appraisal of the collateral (unless such a third-party evaluation is not possible due to the unique nature of the collateral, such as a closely-held business or thinly traded securities). In the case of commercial real estate collateral, an independent third party appraisal is ordered by the Company’s Real Estate Services Group to determine if there has been any change in the underlying collateral value. These independent appraisals are reviewed by the Real Estate Services Group and sometimes by independent third party valuation experts and may be adjusted depending upon market conditions. Through the credit risk rating process, loans are reviewed to determine if they are performing in accordance with the original contractual terms. If the borrower has failed to comply with the original contractual terms, further action may be required by the Company, including a downgrade in the credit risk rating, movement to non-accrual status or a charge-off. If the Company determines that a loan amount or portion thereof is uncollectible, the loan’s credit risk rating is immediately downgraded to an 8 or 9 and the uncollectible amount is charged-off. Any loan that has a partial charge-off continues to be assigned a credit risk rating of an 8 or 9 for the duration of time that a balance remains outstanding. The Company undertakes a thorough and ongoing analysis to determine if additional impairment and/or charge-offs are appropriate and to begin a workout plan for the credit to minimize actual losses. In determining the appropriate charge-off for collateral-dependent loans, the Company considers the results of appraisals for the associated collateral. The table below shows the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and year of origination at September 30, 2020 : As of September 30, 2020 Year of Origination Revolving Total (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving to Term Loans Loan Balances: Commercial, industrial and other Pass $ 1,380,874 $ 1,246,209 $ 978,844 $ 688,865 $ 349,659 $ 554,865 $ 2,755,857 $ 17,970 $ 7,973,143 Special mention 38,670 115,731 75,859 69,144 53,537 21,993 128,730 138 503,802 Substandard accrual 15,054 134,060 74,803 43,066 13,169 31,280 66,437 1,136 379,005 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful 1,254 1,027 4,483 6,143 7,517 12,285 9,045 282 42,036 Total commercial, industrial and other $ 1,435,852 $ 1,497,027 $ 1,133,989 $ 807,218 $ 423,882 $ 620,423 $ 2,960,069 $ 19,526 $ 8,897,986 Commercial PPP Pass $ 3,379,013 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,379,013 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard accrual — — — — — — — — — Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial PPP $ 3,379,013 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,379,013 Construction and development Pass $ 176,894 $ 454,031 $ 255,974 $ 157,559 $ 82,421 $ 63,379 $ 22,358 $ — $ 1,212,616 Special mention — 20,058 48,593 13,842 2,741 6,862 — — 92,096 Substandard accrual — 1,194 9,848 3,562 — 2,853 — — 17,457 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — — 3,312 2,917 1,072 3,679 — — 10,980 Total construction and development $ 176,894 $ 475,283 $ 317,727 $ 177,880 $ 86,234 $ 76,773 $ 22,358 $ — $ 1,333,149 Non-construction Pass $ 940,359 $ 1,024,971 $ 957,701 $ 797,355 $ 684,954 $ 1,736,025 $ 180,231 $ 7,007 $ 6,328,603 Special mention 2,379 88,103 78,047 69,884 91,313 164,465 737 2,765 497,693 Substandard accrual 1,135 19,448 26,611 24,928 20,523 112,350 867 — 205,862 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — 1,107 6,031 3,602 8,138 38,957 — — 57,835 Total non-construction $ 943,873 $ 1,133,629 $ 1,068,390 $ 895,769 $ 804,928 $ 2,051,797 $ 181,835 $ 9,772 $ 7,089,993 Home equity Pass $ 47 $ — $ 47 $ 28 $ 37 $ 6,012 $ 406,565 $ 171 $ 412,907 Special mention — — — 393 83 3,615 7,852 565 12,508 Substandard accrual — — 134 — 248 12,037 1,118 993 14,530 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — 56 190 90 227 4,113 1,529 124 6,329 Total home equity $ 47 $ 56 $ 371 $ 511 $ 595 $ 25,777 $ 417,064 $ 1,853 $ 446,274 Residential real estate Pass $ 171,033 $ 367,779 $ 142,761 $ 149,854 $ 122,718 $ 373,499 $ — $ — $ 1,327,644 Special mention 314 1,570 2,686 2,770 2,440 8,558 — — 18,338 Substandard accrual 1,425 516 1,359 2,537 5,422 5,500 — — 16,759 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — 962 1,892 3,618 3,347 12,250 — — 22,069 Total residential real estate $ 172,772 $ 370,827 $ 148,698 $ 158,779 $ 133,927 $ 399,807 $ — $ — $ 1,384,810 Premium finance receivables - commercial Pass $ 3,898,133 $ 103,562 $ 6,077 $ 116 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,007,888 Special mention 25,295 1,674 4 — — — — — 26,973 Substandard accrual 2,291 1,803 109 — — — — — 4,203 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful 9,435 11,057 587 1 — — — — 21,080 Total premium finance receivables - commercial $ 3,935,154 $ 118,096 $ 6,777 $ 117 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,060,144 Premium finance receivables - life Pass $ 408,171 $ 533,284 $ 565,371 $ 616,055 $ 733,758 $ 2,631,613 $ — $ — $ 5,488,252 Special mention — — — 580 — — — — 580 Substandard accrual — — — — — — — — — Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total premium finance receivables - life $ 408,171 $ 533,284 $ 565,371 $ 616,635 $ 733,758 $ 2,631,613 $ — $ — $ 5,488,832 Consumer and other Pass $ 1,781 $ 2,618 $ 2,149 $ 663 $ 531 $ 26,768 $ 19,847 $ — $ 54,357 Special mention 24 26 — 127 — 147 2 — 326 Substandard accrual 10 6 — — — 230 3 — 249 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful 1 12 3 17 — 389 — — 422 Total consumer and other $ 1,816 $ 2,662 $ 2,152 $ 807 $ 531 $ 27,534 $ 19,852 $ — $ 55,354 Total loans (1) Pass $ 10,356,305 $ 3,732,454 $ 2,908,924 $ 2,410,495 $ 1,974,078 $ 5,392,161 $ 3,384,858 $ 25,148 $ 30,184,423 Special mention 66,682 227,162 205,189 156,740 150,114 205,640 137,321 3,468 1,152,316 Substandard accrual 19,915 157,027 112,864 74,093 39,362 164,250 68,425 2,129 638,065 Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful 10,690 14,221 16,498 16,388 20,301 71,673 10,574 406 160,751 Total loans $ 10,453,592 $ 4,130,864 $ 3,243,475 $ 2,657,716 $ 2,183,855 $ 5,833,724 $ 3,601,178 $ 31,151 $ 32,135,555 (1) Includes $236.3 million of loans with COVID-19 related modifications that migrated from pass as of March 1, 2020 to special mention or substandard accrual as of September 30, 2020. These loans were qualitatively evaluated as a part of the measurement of the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2020. Held-to-maturity debt securities The Company conducts an assessment of its investment securities, including those classified as held-to-maturity, at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If no such rating is available for an issuer, the Company performs an internal rating based on the scale utilized within the loan portfolio as discussed above. For purposes of the table below, the Company has converted any issuer rating from an NRSRO into the Company’s internal ratings based on Investment Policy and review by the Company’s management. As of September 30, 2020 Year of Origination Total (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Balance Amortized Cost Balances: U.S. government agencies 1-4 internal grade $ 124,575 $ 119,995 $ 101,450 $ — $ — $ 3,395 $ 349,415 5-7 internal grade — — — — — — — 8-10 internal grade — — — — — — — Total U.S. government agencies $ 124,575 $ 119,995 $ 101,450 $ — $ — $ 3,395 $ 349,415 Municipal 1-4 internal grade $ — $ 162 $ 7,590 $ 43,863 $ 10,172 $ 149,128 $ 210,915 5-7 internal grade — — — — — — — 8-10 internal grade — — — — — — — Total municipal $ — $ 162 $ 7,590 $ 43,863 $ 10,172 $ 149,128 $ 210,915 Total held-to-maturity securities $ 560,330 Less: Allowance for credit losses (63 ) Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses $ 560,267 Measurement of Allowance for Credit Losses The Company's allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity debt security losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company measures the allowance for credit losses at the time of origination or purchase of a financial asset, representing an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on the related asset. When developing its estimate, the Company considers available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, from both internal and external sources. Historical credit loss experience is one input in the estimation process as well as inputs relevant to current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In considering past events, the Company considers the relevance, or lack thereof, of historical information due to changes in such things as financial asset underwriting or collection practices, and changes in portfolio mix due to changing business plans and strategies. In considering current conditions and forecasts, the Company considers both the current economic environment and the forecasted direction of the economic environment with emphasis on those factors deemed relevant to or driving changes in expected credit losses. As significant judgment is required, the review of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is performed quarterly by various committees with participation by the Company's executive management. September 30, December 31, September 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2019 Allowance for loan losses $ 325,959 $ 156,828 $ 161,763 Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments losses 62,949 1,633 1,510 Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses 388,908 158,461 163,273 Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses 63 — — Allowance for credit losses $ 388,971 $ 158,461 $ 163,273 The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective or pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist, based upon the segmentation discussed above. The Company utilizes modeling methodologies that estimate lifetime credit loss rates on each pool, including methodologies estimating the probability of default and loss given default on specific segments. Historical credit loss history is adjusted for reasonable and supportable forecasts developed by the Company on a quantitative or qualitative basis. Reasonable and supportable forecasts consider the macroeconomic factors that are most relevant to evaluating and predicting expected credit losses in the Company's financial assets. Currently, the Company utilizes an eight quarter forecast period using a single macroeconomic scenario provided by a third-party and reviewed within the Company's governance structure. For periods beyond the ability to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to historical loss rates at an input level, straight-line over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are measured over the contractual term of the financial asset with consideration of expected prepayments. Expected extensions, renewals or modifications of the financial asset are only considered when either 1) the expected extension, renewal or modification is contained within the existing agreement and is not unconditionally cancelable, or 2) the expected extension, renewal or modification is reasonably expected to result in a TDR. The methodologies discussed above are applied to both current asset balances on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and off-balance sheet commitments (i.e. unfunded lending-related commitments). Assets that do not share similar risk characteristics with a pool are assessed for the allowance for credit losses on an individual basis. These typically include assets experiencing financial difficulties, including substandard nonaccrual assets and assets currently classified or expected to be classified as TDRs. If foreclosure is probable or the asset is considered collateral-dependent, expected credit losses are measured based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for selling costs, if appropriate. Underlying collateral across the Company's segments consist primarily of real estate, land and construction assets as well as general business assets of the borrower. As of September 30, 2020, substandard nonaccrual loans totaling $82.2 million in carrying balance had no related allowance for credit losses. For certain accruing current and expected TDRs, expected credit losses are measured based upon the present value of future cash flows of the modified asset terms compared to the amortized cost of the asset. Considering accounting relief provided under Section 4013 of the CARES Act, loans identified as being reasonably expected to be modified into TDRs in the future totaled $3.7 million as of September 30, 2020. The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when assets are placed on nonaccrual status. Loan portfolios A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses, specifically for the loan portfolio (i.e. allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitment losses), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows. Periods prior to January 1, 2020 are presented in accordance with accounting rules effective at that time. Three months ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (In thousands) Commercial Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period $ 133,597 $ 197,126 $ 12,189 $ 11,915 $ 17,592 $ 690 $ 373,109 Other adjustments — — — — 55 — 55 Charge-offs (5,270 ) (1,529 ) (138 ) (83 ) (4,640 ) (103 ) (11,763 ) Recoveries 428 175 111 25 1,720 20 2,479 Provision for credit losses (15,861 ) 38,238 (485 ) (67 ) 3,129 74 25,028 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 112,894 $ 234,010 $ 11,677 $ 11,790 $ 17,856 $ 681 $ 388,908 Individually measured $ 10,642 $ 4,741 $ 196 $ 680 $ — $ 108 $ 16,367 Collectively measured 102,252 229,269 11,481 11,110 17,856 573 372,541 Loans at period end Individually measured $ 49,900 $ 79,661 $ 22,962 $ 30,596 $ — $ 548 $ 183,667 Collectively measured 12,227,099 8,343,481 423,312 1,100,699 9,548,976 54,806 31,698,373 Loans held at fair value — — — 253,515 — — 253,515 Three months ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (In thousands) Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period $ 74,893 $ 64,750 $ 3,631 $ 8,146 $ 8,940 $ 1,541 $ 161,901 Other adjustments — — — — (13 ) — (13 ) Charge-offs (6,775 ) (809 ) (1,594 ) (25 ) (1,866 ) (117 ) (11,186 ) Recoveries 367 385 183 203 563 36 1,737 Provision for credit losses 4,642 2,122 1,500 1,087 1,742 (259 ) 10,834 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 73,127 $ 66,448 $ 3,720 $ 9,411 $ 9,366 $ 1,201 $ 163,273 Individually measured $ 10,606 $ 3,600 $ 313 $ 315 $ — $ 106 $ 14,940 Collectively measured 62,160 62,795 3,407 9,037 9,366 1,095 147,860 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) 361 53 — 59 — — 473 Loans at period end Individually measured $ 58,030 $ 32,155 $ 18,702 $ 21,889 $ — $ 274 $ 131,050 Collectively measured 8,122,040 7,299,229 493,601 1,070,795 8,104,538 86,887 25,177,090 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) 15,532 117,283 — 9,960 140,908 2,326 286,009 Loans held at fair value — — — 116,022 — — 116,022 (1) Prior to January 1, 2020, measurement of any allowance for loan losses on PCI loans were offset by the remaining discount related to the acquired pool. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, PCI loans transitioned to a classification of PCD. Measurement of any allowance for loan losses on PCD loans is no longer offset by the remaining discount. Nine months ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (In thousands) Commercial Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period $ 64,920 $ 68,511 $ 3,878 $ 9,800 $ 9,647 $ 1,705 $ 158,461 Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 9,039 32,064 9,061 3,002 (4,959 ) (863 ) 47,344 Other adjustments — — — — 24 — 24 Charge-offs (13,109 ) (9,323 ) (1,378 ) (777 ) (11,258 ) (330 ) (36,175 ) Recoveries 924 931 451 115 3,663 119 6,203 Provision for credit losses 51,120 141,827 (335 ) (350 ) 20,739 50 213,051 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 112,894 $ 234,010 $ 11,677 $ 11,790 $ 17,856 $ 681 $ 388,908 Nine months ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Home Equity Residential Real Estate Premium Finance Receivables Consumer and Other Total Loans (In thousands) Commercial Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period $ 67,826 $ 61,661 $ 8,507 $ 7,194 $ 7,715 $ 1,261 $ 154,164 Other adjustments — (35 ) (20 ) (15 ) 19 — (51 ) Charge-offs (24,658 ) (4,869 ) (2,372 ) (315 ) (9,085 ) (355 ) (41,654 ) Recoveries 974 1,112 313 372 1,853 152 4,776 Provision for credit losses 28,985 8,579 (2,708 ) 2,175 8,864 143 46,038 Allowance for credit losses at period end $ 73,127 $ 66,448 $ 3,720 $ 9,411 $ 9,366 $ 1,201 $ 163,273 At January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaced the previous incurred loss methodology for measuring the allowance for credit losses with a lifetime expected loss methodology. At adoption, the allowance for credit losses related to loans and lending agreements increased approximately $47.3 million , including an increase of approximately $33.2 million recorded to the allowance for unfunded commitment losses within accrued interest and other liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition, with an offsetting amo |