IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
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YUCAIPA AMERICAN ALLIANCE FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and YUCAIPA AMERICAN ALLIANCE (PARALLEL) FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Plaintiffs, | | )
) ) ) ) ) | | C.A. No. |
v. | | )
) ) | | |
LEONARD RIGGIO, STEPHEN RIGGIO, GEORGE | | ) | | |
CAMPBELL JR., MICHAEL J. DEL GIUDICE, | | ) | | |
WILLIAM DILLARD, II, PATRICIA L. HIGGINS, | | ) | | |
IRENE R. MILLER, MARGARET T. MONACO, | | ) | | |
LAWRENCE S. ZILAVY, and BARNES & NOBLE, | | ) | | |
INC., a Delaware corporation. | | ) | | |
| | ) | | |
Defendants. | | ) | | |
VERIFIED COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY RELIEF,
INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AND DAMAGES
Yucaipa American Alliance Fund II, L.P. and Yucaipa American Alliance (Parallel) Fund
II, L.P (collectively, “Yucaipa” or “Plaintiffs”), by and through their undersigned counsel, allege,
upon knowledge as to their own actions and otherwise upon information and belief (including the
investigation of counsel and review of publicly available information), as follows:
SUMMARY OF ACTION
1. This case is about a self-dealing scheme designed to entrench the Riggio family in
their control of Barnes & Noble, Inc. (“B&N” or the “Company”) and prevent an effective proxy
contest from being mounted by Yucaipa or other public stockholders.1 In breach of their
fiduciary duties, the Board of Directors of B&N, Leonard Riggio, Stephen Riggio, George
1 In this Complaint, all stockholders other than the Riggio family, those business
associates beholden to the Riggio family, the Board and Company management are referred to as
the “public stockholders.”
Campbell Jr., Michael J. Del Giudice, William Dillard, II, Patricia L. Higgins, Irene R. Miller,
Margaret T. Monaco, and Lawrence S. Zilavy (the “Director Defendants” or the “Board”),
adopted a poison pill triggered when any stockholder other than the Riggio family acquires 20%
or more of the outstanding shares of B&N. This poison pill was adopted shortly after Yucaipa’s
public announcement that it intended to express its views “regarding the need for improved
corporate governance,” and contemporaneously with Yucaipa’s acquisition of 17.8% of B&N
common shares. The Board did so despite the fact that the Riggio family owns approximately
32.4%2 of B&N common shares and, together with other B&N insiders and business associates
beholden to the Riggios, they collectively own approximately 38.2% of B&N common shares.
2. The B&N Board, in a further breach of its fiduciary duties, subsequently refused
(a) Yucaipa’s request to allow public stockholders to purchase, without triggering the poison pill,
an equivalent amount of B&N common shares to those owned by the Riggo family, and (b) to
directly answer Yucaipa’s question as to whether Riggio family members were allowed, under
the vague and ambiguous provisions of the poison pill, to acquire more than 50% of B&N
common shares.
3. The B&N Board has not identified any material benefit to the Company’s public
stockholders in adopting the poison pill. Yet the benefits to the Riggio family and the Board in
ensuring that they will remain in control and office are obvious. This is particularly troublesome
given the Board’s failure to use an independent special committee when adopting the poison pill
and the history of self-dealing transactions involving the Riggios, including:
2 All share calculations are based on information in either the Company’s or the
individual stockholder’s most recent SEC filings. Beneficial ownership is calculated consistent
with Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and therefore includes options exercisable within 60 days of the date the information was
reported.
2
| a. | Using B&N as the Riggios’ personal piggy bank, when they sold Barnes & Noble |
| | College Booksellers, Inc. (“College Books”) – owned by Leonard Riggio and his |
| | wife – to B&N for cash and notes3 at an above-market price and interest rate, |
| b. | Causing B&N to enter into leases with entities in which the Riggio family has an |
| | interest with aggregate annual rent of approximately $5.5 million in fiscal year |
| c. | Causing B&N to purchase textbooks, for $8.25 million in fiscal year 2008 alone, |
| | from MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc. – an entity in which Leonard Riggio, |
| | Stephen Riggio and various members of the Riggio family have a majority |
| d. | Causing B&N to hire a company owned by Leonard and Stephen Riggio’s brother |
| | and friends to provide freight distribution services for all of B&N’s shipping to its |
4. Yucaipa expects to propose a slate of three directors to oppose management’s
slate at the next annual meeting of B&N stockholders which B&N has publicly stated will be
held on or before September 30, 2010. As detailed below, the poison pill – with one set of rules
for the Riggio family and another set of rules for all the other B&N stockholders – creates a
terribly slanted playing field and makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for Yucaipa and
B&N’s other public stockholders to overcome the huge voting advantage the poison pill gives to
the Riggio family and their beholden business associates. The poison pill gives the Riggios and
the Board an unfair advantage in a proxy contest by deterring or preventing public stockholders
3 The notes also contain a change of control provision – often referred to as a “poison
put.”
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from exercising their franchise, thereby ensuring that the Riggio family and the incumbent Board
remain in control and in office.
5. Yucaipa challenges those features of the poison pill that inhibit B&N’s public
stockholders from exercising their stockholder franchise. Yucaipa requests that the Court
implement one or more of the following remedies for Defendants’ breaches of their fiduciary
duties in adopting and refusing to amend the poison pill. These are all designed to level the
playing field so that (a) B&N’s public stockholders may, through a proxy contest, fairly express
their displeasure with the Riggios’ self-dealing transactions and the Board’s complicity in
approving them, and (b) B&N’s public stockholders may fairly assert and protect their rights as
stockholders now and in the future.
6. First, Yucaipa requests that the Court declare that the 20% trigger for the poison
pill is invalid and should instead be at least 30%. This is less than the approximately 32.4% of
B&N’s outstanding shares owned by the Riggio family, whom the B&N Board preferentially
exempted from the effects of the poison pill. Alternatively, Yucaipa requests that the Court
enjoin the Riggio family from exercising voting rights for any of their shares above the 20%
ownership limit that the poison pill imposes on other stockholders.
7. Second, Yucaipa requests that the Court declare that no member of the Riggio
family may acquire shares resulting in collective ownership by the Riggio family of more than
the approximately 32.4% of the Company’s outstanding shares that the family owned at the time
the poison pill was adopted.
8. Third, Yucaipa requests that the Court declare that Yucaipa and other
stockholders may, without triggering the poison pill, cooperate with and/or enter into
agreements, arrangements or understandings with any other stockholder of the Company with
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respect to (a) a proxy contest for the election of directors, or (b) a vote of the stockholders
concerning whether to keep the poison pill in place. Alternatively, Yucaipa requests that the
Court declare that the provisions of the poison pill which would cause the pill to be triggered by
such stockholder actions are invalid.
9. Leonard Riggio personally owns approximately 30.6% of B&N’s issued and
outstanding common stock, and exercises practical dominion and control over the business and
affairs of the Company as its founder, largest individual stockholder, CEO until 2002 (when he
was replaced by his brother, Stephen) and Chairman of the Board since 1986. In addition,
Leonard Riggio dominates the Board through personal and professional relationships with the
other Director Defendants. Leonard Riggio is a “controlling stockholder” of the Company.
While serving as the Chairman of B&N’s Board and during his tenure as CEO, Leonard Riggio
repeatedly engaged in self-dealing transactions with B&N and used its resources to advance his
own family’s personal business ventures at the expense of B&N and its public stockholders.
10. For example, in August 2009, B&N agreed to purchase College Books. College
Books was a company then owned entirely by Leonard Riggio and his wife. While Leonard
Riggio and his wife received over a half a billion dollars in cash and notes from the transaction,
B&N used much needed cash and incurred significant debt to pay an excessive amount for a
company that conducts business in an increasingly challenging environment: college textbook
sales. Immediately prior to the College Books transaction, Leonard Riggio also caused College
Books to distribute 667,058 B&N shares held by College Books (representing approximately
1.2% of the outstanding B&N shares) to 17 members of College Books’ management, all of
whom were appointed by Leonard Riggio. Due to Leonard Riggio’s substantial control and
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influence over the Board, it is not surprising that they approved such an unfavorable transaction
that was disadvantageous and not entirely fair to the Company or its public stockholders.
11. In response to such blatant self-dealing by Leonard Riggio, and with legitimate
concerns about the adequacy and enforcement of the Company’s corporate governance policies
and practices (as evidenced by, among other things, the College Books transaction), Yucaipa
began to raise with the Board concerns about the Riggios’ self-dealing and domination of the
Company, the deteriorating performance of the Company, and the poor corporate governance at
the Company. These communications were either ignored or rebuffed by Leonard Riggio and
the other Board members. With the stock price of B&N declining after the College Books
acquisition and believing that, despite this acquisition, B&N’s shares were still undervalued,
Yucaipa acquired shares in the Company to, among other things, increase its voting power
should it decide to nominate a slate of independent directors at B&N’s next annual stockholder
meeting. However, without a stock position large enough to neutralize the Riggios’ voting
power (which is supplemented by their control of the corporate machinery and treasury), a proxy
contest to provide the Company’s stockholders an alternative to the continued self-dealing
domination of the Company by the Riggios is practically impossible. B&N’s nine-member
Board is divided into three classes elected for three year terms. Thus, even if Yucaipa were to
succeed in electing a full slate of three independent directors, those directors would be a minority
of the Board.
12. Just four days after Yucaipa disclosed that it had increased its stake in B&N to
approximately 16.8% and announced its concern about the governance of B&N (and the same
day that Yucaipa disclosed that it had increased its stake to approximately 17.8%), the Board
adopted the poison pill. The Board’s sudden concern with Yucaipa’s accumulation of shares was
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in marked contrast to the Board’s historical indifference to the Riggios’ accumulation of shares.
For example, the Company had adopted a poison pill in July 1998 which it allowed to expire in
July 2008, and the Company expressly elected, in its certificate of incorporation, not to be
governed by Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Thus, during this period
when the most obvious party could acquire absolute control of the Company without paying an
appropriate premium – the Riggio family – the Board was indifferent to protecting the public
stockholders from share purchases by the Riggios. Indeed, as detailed below, the Board
authorized transactions that actuallyincreased the Riggios’ percentage ownership while the prior
poison pill was in place. However, within days after the Riggios and the Board became aware
that Yucaipa might be willing to accumulate a stock position large enough to challenge the
Riggios and thereby provide a meaningful choice to the public stockholders in a proxy contest,
the Board adopted a poison pill. The Board’s action was not for the purpose of protecting the
public stockholders, but rather for the sole purpose and with the effect of obstructing any
stockholder from running a proxy contest challenging the Riggios’ dominance and control as
well as assuring that they would remain in office.
13. The poison pill is replete with provisions that operate to the advantage of the
Riggios and to the detriment of B&N’s public stockholders. For example:
| a. | Leonard Riggio, who beneficially owned approximately 30.6% of the Company’s |
| | common stock at the time the Board adopted the poison pill, is exempted from the |
| | poison pill’s 20% trigger. |
| b. | Even though the “grandfather” provision of the poison pill is drafted as a general |
| | provision of purportedly neutral application, the only stockholder who can |
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| | possibly qualify for the exception to the general 20% ownership rule is Leonard |
| | Riggio and other Riggio family members (or trusts for their benefit); |
| c. | The poison pill allows for transfers of shares among the members of the Riggio |
| | family or trusts for their benefit without triggering the poison pill, establishing |
| | members of the Riggio family as part of a special class of stockholders with |
| d. | The poison pill is triggered if stockholders owning more than 20% of the stock of |
| | the Company enter into any “agreement, arrangement or understanding (written |
| | or oral) for the purpose of . . . voting . . . any voting securities of the Company . . . |
| | [or] . . .cooperate in . . . influencing the control of the Company.” (Emphasis |
| | supplied.) This broadly worded provision is intended to stifle stockholder dissent |
| | by preventing existing, dissatisfied stockholders of the Company from |
| | “cooperating” in connection with a proxy contest which might dislodge the |
| | Riggios from wielding de facto control of the Company, notwithstanding that the |
| | Riggios and others beholden to the them already own approximately 38.2% of the |
| e. | The poison pill effectively prohibits stockholders owning, individually, shares, |
| | which if added together would be in excess of 20%, from cooperating, reaching |
| | agreements, arrangements or understandings in connection with a proxy contest |
| | while the Riggio family through the Company is free to engage in all of those |
| | activities. As a result, the pill materially interferes with the stockholder franchise. |
| f. | The poison pill is written with a calculated and artful ambiguity as to whether the |
| | entire Riggio family is “grandfathered” under the poison pill but unable to acquire |
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| any additional shares, or whether members of the family other than Leonard |
| | Riggio could acquire additional stock of the Company, so that the family could |
| | collectively acquire over 50% of the Company’s stock without triggering the |
| | poison pill. Indeed, when Yucaipa twice asked in letters whether any member of |
| | the Riggio family could acquire additional shares without triggering the poison |
| | pill, the Board twice refused to directly answer the question. |
| g. | The poison pill operates to preclude collective action by public stockholders – |
| | none of whom owns more than 20% of the Company’s stock – but apparently |
| | allows members of the Riggio family, which already beneficially owns |
| | approximately 32.4% of the stock, to achieve absolute voting control. |
| h. | The poison pill expressly allows the Board to approve additional share |
| | acquisitions by the Riggio family so that the poison pill is not triggered by such |
| | acquisitions, but the poison pill does not provide the same approval mechanism |
| | for share acquisitions by persons other than the Riggios. |
| i. | The poison pill is not triggered by additional shares being issued to Leonard or |
| | Stephen Riggio, who already beneficially own approximately 32.4% of the |
| | Company’s stock, pursuant to the Company’s compensation plans. Thus, the |
| | Riggios will be able to augment their share position under the poison pill. |
14. As set forth herein, the Board has used the poison pill as a weapon to intentionally
discriminate against Yucaipa and B&N’s other public stockholders. The poison pill deters or
prevents B&N’s public stockholders from conducting a proxy contest and operates to entrench
the Riggios to the detriment of the public stockholders. Such a result constitutes an
impermissible restraint upon B&N’s public stockholders’ franchise rights, serving only the
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Riggios’ and the Director Defendants’ self-interests to maintain control of the Company and
remain in office.
15. The Board’s adoption and maintenance of the poison pill is wrongful for
numerous reasons, including:
| a. | The poison pill was adopted and is being maintained for the principal purpose |
| | and/or effect of frustrating a proxy contest and improperly limiting the public |
| b. | The adoption of the poison pill with a 20% trigger, while “grandfathering” the |
| | Riggio family’s significantly higher ownership stake and potentially allowing |
| | them to acquire absolute voting control, is not reasonable in relation to any |
| | legitimate corporate purpose. |
| c. | The poison pill materially interferes with the stockholder franchise. The Board in |
| | adopting the poison pill did not and cannot identify either a compelling corporate |
| | justification or a threat to an important corporate policy which would outweigh |
| | the harm to the stockholder franchise. |
| d. | The poison pill is an unfair, self-dealing transaction between the Company and |
| | the Riggios because it provides materially preferential treatment and custom- |
| | made benefits to the Riggios who exercise practical control over the Company. |
| e. | The Board was grossly negligent in adopting and maintaining the poison pill, |
| | because the Board either ignored or failed to understand the most critical |
| | component of the poison pill: how the poison pill would inappropriately and |
| | disproportionately benefit and protect the Riggios’ exercise of control and would |
| | materially and unfairly disenfranchise and discriminate against the other |
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| | stockholders of the Company. Indeed, even after twice being asked in writing, the |
| | Board refused to answer the basic but critical question of whether the Riggios can |
| | acquire more than 50% of the Company’s stock without triggering the poison pill. |
| | (See Exhibit A, Yucaipa’s letter, dated January 28, 2010, to the B&N Board; |
| | Exhibit B, B&N’s letter to Managing Partner of Yucaipa, dated February 17, |
| | 2010; Exhibit C, B&N’s 8K dated February 17, 2010, attaching amendment to the |
| | poison pill; and Exhibit D, Yucaipa’s letter, dated February 25, 2010, to the B&N |
| | Board, to which there has been no response.) |
| f. | The Board acted in bad faith because (i) no committee of independent directors |
| | considered whether the adoption of a poison pill with custom-crafted Riggio |
| | exceptions was for the benefit of the other stockholders and (ii) the adoption and |
| | continuation of the poison pill are not in the best interests of the Company or its |
| | public stockholders, but instead were intended to stifle stockholder dissent and to |
| | ensure the Riggios’ continued control of the Company. |
16. The purpose for which the poison pill was adopted is best demonstrated by the
Board’s response to Yucaipa’s request that it be permitted to acquire the same percentage of
shares as were collectively owned by the Riggios and other B&N insiders. The acquisition of
such a share position by Yucaipa would not cause a change of control, but rather would
neutralize the practical control exercised by the Riggios and the insiders beholden to them,
thereby enhancing the value of the remaining public shares. Yet, the Board refused Yucaipa’s
request without any legitimate explanation of resulting benefit to the Company’s public
stockholders, nor did the Board address why it was appropriate at the same time to enshrine the
Riggios’ ownership and control by creating a different set of rules for them. It is manifest that
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only the Riggios and those beholden to them benefit from the Board’s refusal to allow any other
stockholder to own an equivalent stake in the Company.
THE PARTIES
17. Plaintiff Yucaipa American Alliance Fund II, L.P. (“YAAF II”) is a Delaware
limited partnership with its principal place of business located at 9130 W. Sunset Boulevard, Los
Angeles, California 90069. YAAF II is the direct beneficial owner of 6,806,868 shares of
B&N’s common stock, which represents 11.8% of the B&N shares outstanding.
18. Plaintiff Yucaipa American Alliance (Parallel) Fund II, L.P. (“YAAF II Parallel”)
is a Delaware limited partnership with its principal place of business located at 9130 W. Sunset
Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90069. YAAF II Parallel is the direct beneficial owner of
4,484,345 shares of B&N’s common stock, which represents 7.8% of the B&N shares
outstanding.
19. YAAF II and YAAF II Parallel together beneficially own 11,291,213 shares
representing approximately 19.6% of the B&N shares outstanding and at all times relevant
hereto, have been record or beneficial stockholders of B&N shares.
20. Defendant Leonard Riggio has been Chairman of the Board since 1986. He also
served as the Chief Executive Officer of B&N from 1986 through February 2002, at which time
he turned the reins over to his younger brother, Stephen Riggio. Leonard Riggio is the direct
beneficial owner of 17,900,132 shares of B&N’s common stock, which represents approximately
30.6% of the shares outstanding, and is by far the largest individual stockholder of B&N.
21. Defendant Stephen Riggio is the younger brother of Leonard Riggio, and has been a
director of the Company since September 1993. Stephen Riggio joined the Company in 1975.
From 1981 to 1987, he served as Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s direct
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mail division, and in 1987 he was appointed Executive Vice President of Merchandising. From
1995 to 1997, Stephen Riggio was the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. He was appointed
Vice-Chairman in 1997, and replaced Leonard Riggio as Chief Executive Officer from February
2002 until March 18, 2010, when he was succeeded by William Lynch. Stephen Riggio is the
direct beneficial owner of 1,516,751 shares of B&N common stock, which represents
approximately 2.6% of the B&N shares outstanding. In addition, he is the beneficiary of options
to purchase another 964,202 B&N shares held in trust for him by Leonard Riggio. Each fiscal
year since at least 2006, Stephen Riggio has been paid at least approximately $3 million by the
Company in cash and equity-based compensation.
22. Defendant George Campbell Jr. (“Campbell”) has been a B&N Board member
since 2008, and serves on the Compensation Committee. Campbell beneficially owns 8,115
shares of B&N common stock. In 2008, Campbell received over $60,000 in director
compensation.
23. Defendant Michael J. Del Giudice (“Del Giudice”) has served as a B&N Board
member since 1999, and is the Chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Audit Committee. Del Giudice
beneficially owns 46,974 shares of B&N common stock. In 2008, he was paid nearly $130,000
in director compensation.
24. Defendant William T. Dillard, II (“Dillard”) has been a member of the B&N
Board of Directors since November 1993, when B&N went public. Dillard is the Chair of the
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, and is a member of the Compensation
Committee. Dillard beneficially owns 89,635 shares of B&N common stock. In 2008, he was
paid over $200,000 in director compensation.
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25. Defendant Patricia L. Higgins (“Higgins”) served on the B&N Board from 1999
to 2004 and again since June 2006. Higgins is a member of the Audit Committee and the
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Higgins beneficially owns 32,553 shares of
B&N common stock. In 2008, she was paid over $200,000 in director compensation.
26. Defendant Irene R. Miller (“Miller”) has been a member of the Board of the
Company since May 1995. Miller served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company from
September 1993 to June 1997. From September 1995 to June 1997, Miller was Vice-Chairman
of the Company. Miller beneficially owns 51,329 shares of B&N common stock. In 2008,
Miller received nearly $200,000 in director compensation.
27. Defendant Margaret T. Monaco (“Monaco”) has been a member of the Company
Board since May 1995 and serves on the Audit Committee. Monaco beneficially owns 93,848
shares of B&N common stock. In 2008, Monaco received nearly $200,000 in director
compensation.
28. Defendant Lawrence S. Zilavy (“Zilavy”) has been a Board member since June
2006. Zilavy beneficially owns 32,553 shares of B&N common stock. In 2008, Zilavy received
more than $140,000 in director compensation.
29. Defendant Barnes & Noble, Inc. (“B&N” or the “Company”) is a corporation
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of
business at 122 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York.
FACTS COMMON TO ALL COUNTS
| A. | A Brief Overview of Barnes & Noble and Its Current Financial Status |
30. B&N is the world’s largest bookseller. The Company’s main businesses include
retail stores, internet sales, publishing, and eBooks. As of October 2009, the Company operated
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775 retail book stores and over 630 college bookstores, and conducted its online businesses
through barnesandnoble.com llc.
31. In fiscal year 2008, B&N had revenues of $5.12 billion, compared to $5.29 billion
in 2007. As reported by Reuters Company Research on April 29, 2010, over the past five years,
B&N lost approximately 35% of its market value – underperforming the S&P 500 Total Return
Index by approximately 39%. According to data from Standard & Poor’s Equity Research as of
April 24, 2010, over the last three years, B&N sales have been stagnant, hovering at a
compound-annual growth rate of less than 1% while net income has fallen on average by
approximately 16% per year during that period.
32. For the third-quarter that ended January 30, 2010, B&N earned $80.4 million, or
$1.38 a share, approximately a 5.6% decrease from $85.1 million, or $1.42 a share, for the book
retailer for the same period in the previous year. For the same time period, store sales fell 4.7%
to $1.3 billion and sales at stores open at least 15 months fell 5.5%, compared to the same period
in the previous year. B&N expects a fourth-quarter loss between 85 cents and $1.15 a share. For
the year, the Company foresees earnings in the range of 23 cents to 53 cents. Additionally, B&N
expects a stores sales drop between 3% and 5% for the current fiscal year.
| B. | The Riggios’ Control Over the Company |
33. B&N is controlled by Leonard Riggio, its founder, Chairman of the Board, and
controlling stockholder. Leonard Riggio controls B&N through his beneficial ownership of
approximately 30.6% of B&N’s outstanding common stock and through his influence over the
Board and other persons beholden to him, including, Stephen Riggio, who owns approximately
2.6% of the outstanding B&N shares and for whom Leonard Riggio holds in trust options to
purchase 964,202 shares of stock for his benefit. Leonard Riggio and Stephen Riggio
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collectively own approximately 32.4% of the Company. If the shares of B&N stock received by
the former College Books officers and employees – all of whom were appointed by Leonard
Riggio – are included, the percentage increases to approximately 33.5%. The non-Riggio
directors and officers of the Company beneficially own 3,386,508 shares, increasing the
percentage of shares owned by the Riggio family and those beholden to it to approximately
38.2%.
34. While serving as the Chairman of B&N’s Board and during his tenure as CEO of
the Company, Leonard Riggio repeatedly used B&N and its resources to advance the business
ventures of himself and his family and friends at the expense of B&N and its stockholders. For
example, Leonard Riggio caused B&N to enter into leases with entities in which the Riggio
family has an interest with aggregate annual rent of approximately $5.5 million in fiscal year
2008 alone. Leonard Riggio also caused B&N to purchase textbooks, in an amount totaling
$8.25 million in fiscal year 2008 alone, from MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc. – an entity in which
Leonard Riggio, Stephen Riggio and various members of the Riggio family have a majority
interest. Additionally, Leonard Riggio caused B&N to hire a company owned by a brother of
Leonard and Stephen Riggio and friends to provide freight distribution services for all of B&N’s
shipping to its retail stores. Leonard Riggio also caused B&N to transact business on
noncompetitive and disadvantageous terms with two other companies in which he holds minority
interests. These companies were B&N’s principal supplier of music, movies, newspapers and
magazines, and its supplier for database equipment and services. Finally, in yet another unfair
related-party transaction, Leonard Riggio caused B&N to buy one of his companies that later
became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GameStop Corp. (“GameStop”) at a significant premium
over the price he and his investor friends had paid just two years earlier. Leonard Riggio
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subsequently had B&N divest its holdings in GameStop despite its success, which resulted in
Leonard Riggio receiving the largest distribution of shares due to his status as B&N’s largest
individual stockholder.
35. Not surprisingly, B&N and its public stockholders have been harmed by these
unfair transactions with companies controlled by or affiliated with Leonard Riggio. B&N has
been overcharged for goods and services, forced to sell goods at a discount or subsidize Leonard
Riggio’s related companies’ operating costs by providing office space at cost, and marketing and
other services at no cost. By approving these types of related transactions, the Board, comprised
of friends, employees, and others beholden to Leonard Riggio, have repeatedly demonstrated
their lack of independence from the Company’s Chairman by their willingness to rubber stamp
transactions that give Leonard Riggio and his friends and family substantial benefits to the
detriment of B&N and its stockholders.
| C. | The College Books Acquisition |
1. Background of College Books
36. College Books was founded by Leonard Riggio in 1965 and is one of the largest
operators of college and university bookstores in the nation. College Books was entirely owned
by Leonard Riggio and his wife, Louise Riggio, until it was acquired by B&N on September 30,
2009.
37. Leonard Riggio abused his power over B&N by siphoning benefits from the
Company to advantage College Books. For example, B&N subsidized College Books’ operating
costs by leasing office space to College Books at cost, and supplying inventory to College Books
stores at attractive rates. Leonard Riggio’s manipulation of B&N allowed College Books to
become one of the largest operators of college and university bookstores in the U.S. However,
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when faced with declining sales growth and a changing market landscape, Leonard Riggio
liquidated his investment in College Books by selling it to B&N for over half a billion dollars,
which drained B&N of cash and significantly increased its debt burden to finance the sale.
2. The Board’s Announcement of the College Books Acquisition
38. On August 10, 2009, B&N announced that it had entered into a stock purchase
agreement with Leonard and his wife, Louise Riggio, in which B&N would acquire all of
College Books’s issued and outstanding stock, in a transaction valued at $596 million. In return,
Leonard and Louise Riggio would receive $346 million in cash and $250 million in B&N-issued
notes.
39. The College Books transaction was completed on September 30, 2009. An SEC
filing revealed that the transaction purchase price had been reduced to $514 million, reflecting
$82 million in cash bonuses paid to College Books management team and employees. In
addition, Leonard Riggio caused College Books to distribute 667,058 shares of B&N stock
(approximately 1.2% of the outstanding B&N shares) to 17 members of the College Books’
management – all of whom were appointed by him. Thus, these individuals profited
significantly from the distribution of B&N stock, which would have otherwise been acquired by
B&N as part of the acquisition.
3. The Self-Interested Transaction Was Not Entirely Fair to B&N’s Stockholders
40. The College Books acquisition price constituted disproportionately large
consideration that was well beyond the price any independent, third-party purchaser would pay,
particularly due to the recent technological innovations and trends in the college book industry.
Barron’s reported on August 14, 2009 that “the deal strategically makes little sense over time as
the company essentially doubles its exposure to one of the segments that we believe are most at
risk to technology change over the next several years, as well as reduces that cash element of the
18
Barnes & Noble story that has supported it for so long.” Credit Suisse Analyst Gary Balter noted
that “the recently announced acquisition of Barnes & Noble College Booksellers significantly
raises the [B&N] risk profile and takes away the free cash that could have been used for a special
dividend.” Immediately after the deal was announced, Credit Suisse downgraded Barnes &
Noble from “Neutral” to “Underperform,” and the Company shares fell by approximately 9.2%
the same day (August 14, 2009), further confirming the acquisition’s unfairness.
41. Leonard Riggio used his influence as B&N’s controlling stockholder and
Chairman to force College Books onto B&N for grossly excessive consideration of cash and
notes, thus shifting the risk of a challenging business from him to B&N and its public
stockholders. By using the Company’s assets to enrich himself, he and the Board members
which approved the transaction breached their fiduciary duties.
42. Between August 17 and September 18, 2009, six derivative actions were filed in
this Court, alleging breaches of fiduciary duties, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment
in connection with the approval of the College Books acquisition. The Court subsequently
consolidated those actions and a consolidated complaint was filed on November 3, 2009.
Thereafter, on March 18, 2010, the plaintiffs filed an amended consolidated stockholder
derivative complaint, C.A. No. 4813-VCS.
D. Yucaipa’s Purchase of Stock Did Not Pose a Threat to B&N Or its Stockholders
43. In late November 2008, prior to its purchase of any B&N stock, Ronald Burkle
(Yucaipa’s managing member) called Leonard Riggio, whom he knew as the result of prior joint
investments. Mr. Burkle told Leonard Riggio that he believed B&N’s stock had been battered by
the recession and was undervalued. He stated that Yucaipa was going to make an investment in
B&N as he believed B&N to be a retailer which offered a “superior customer experience” and
19
that its stock would do well when the economy improved. He stated that Yucaipa did not seek to
acquire or control B&N. Mr. Burkle did offer several ideas as to how B&N might leverage and
further enhance the B&N customer experience. Mr. Burkle stated that he did not know if
Yucaipa would acquire more than 5% of the B&N common stock, but that if it were going to do
so he would tell Mr. Riggio.
44. In late December 2008 or early January 2009, Mr. Burkle met with Mr. Riggio in
New York and told him that Yucaipa still believed B&N’s stock to be undervalued and Yucaipa
was purchasing more B&N shares and would be filing a 13D. Among other things, they
discussed the opportunity presented by the bankruptcy of Border’s, B&N’s biggest competitor.
Numerous parties had suggested that purchasing certain Borders assets (the “Best of Borders”)
out of bankruptcy would make sense for B&N. Mr. Riggio stated that he was against such a
transaction because: (a) he did not want to increase B&N’s exposure to retail stores (even by
acquiring more retail stores in prime locations at an attractive price); and (b) he wanted to keep
B&N liquid and not have B&N incur any additional debt. Mr. Burkle left the decision as to a
possible Best of Borders transaction up the Board and reiterated Yucaipa’s desire to be a long-
term investor who would from time-to-time offer suggestions as how to improve upon and
leverage the superior retail experience that B&N provides to its customers.
45. Between November 24, 2008 and December 31, 2008, Yucaipa acquired an
aggregate of 4,584,313 B&N shares and, on January 2, 2009, Yucaipa disclosed in its 13D filing
that it beneficially owned approximately 8.3% of B&N’s outstanding shares.
46. On August 10, 2009, B&N announced the College Books transaction with the
Riggios. This transaction was contrary to what Mr. Riggio had told Mr. Burkle when discussing
a possible Best of Borders transaction. Contrary to Mr. Riggio’s earlier opposition to increasing
20
B&N’s exposure to retail outlets, the College Books transaction did precisely that; and contrary
to Mr. Riggio’s earlier opposition to increased debt and desire to maintain B&N’s liquidity, the
College Books transaction increased B&N’s debt by hundreds of millions of dollars and
impaired its liquidity by paying significant amounts of cash to the Riggios. Even worse, it
lessened Mr. Riggio’s personal exposure to the very risks he had expressed a concern about
while exposing B&N and its stockholders to those same risks. Mr. Burkle, noting the reversal of
Mr. Riggio’s prior position, wrote to the Board on August 14, 2009, stating as follows:
Never would I imagine that you would try to put these two
companies together. It is contrary to everything that [Leonard
Riggio] told me.
Barnes & Noble is a great company. It doesn’t need to double-
down on the technology risk that the industry faces and it doesn’t
need to give up the financial stability that its current balance sheet
affords it.
You’ve built a great company and you are a very wealthy man.
You don’t need to do this. It’s not right for the company and it’s
horrible for your reputation.
See Exhibit E.
47. After being ignored and rebuffed by Leonard Riggio and the other Board
members, Yucaipa decided to raise its stake in B&N. With the stock price of B&N declining
after the College Books acquisition and believing that, despite this acquisition, B&N’s shares
were still undervalued, Yucaipa acquired shares in the Company to among other things, increase
its voting power should it decide to nominate a slate of independent directors at B&N’s next
annual stockholder meeting. However, without a stock position large enough to neutralize the
Riggios’ voting power (which is supplemented by their control of the corporate machinery and
treasury), a proxy contest to provide the Company’s stockholders an alternative to the continued
self-dealing domination of the Company by the Riggios is practically impossible. B&N’s nine-
21
member Board is divided into three classes elected for three year terms. Thus, even if Yucaipa
were to succeed in electing a full slate of three independent directors, those directors would be a
minority of the Board.
48. On November 13, 2009, Yucaipa disclosed in its Amendment No. 1 to its
Schedule 13D that it had purchased an additional 5,038,900 shares of B&N common stock, thus
increasing its stake in B&N to 16.8%, up from the 8.3% it had held since January 2009. In that
filing Yucaipa stated that it was “concerned with the adequacy and enforcement of the
Company’s corporate governance policies and practices, as evidenced in part by the recent
acquisition of Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, Inc,” and that it “intend[ed] to express [its]
views regarding the need for improved corporate governance to the board of directors and the
management of the Company,” and that it “may in the future exercise any and all of [its]
respective rights as shareholders of the Company in a manner consistent with [its] equity
interests.”
49. Three days later, on November 16, 2009, Yucaipa disclosed that it had acquired
an additional 457,000 shares of B&N common stock, raising its stake to 17.8% of the B&N
shares.
E. The Board Responds to Yucaipa’s Rising Stake in B&N By Adopting a Poison Pill
50. The Board responded to Yucaipa’s disclosure that it had upped its stake in B&N
to approximately 17.8% by adopting a Stockholder Rights Plan, referred to herein as the “poison
pill,” effective November 17, 2009. The poison pill was intended to make it extremely difficult
if not impossible for any outside stockholder to conduct a proxy contest to challenge the Riggios
and the incumbent Board. The Company concurrently issued a November 17, 2009 press release
stating, without directly addressing Yucaipa, that the poison pill was adopted “in response to the
22
recent rapid accumulation of a significant portion of [B&N’s] outstanding common stock,” and
purportedly “intended to protect the company and its stockholders from efforts to obtain control
of the company that are inconsistent with the best interests of the company and its stockholders.”
In adopting the poison pill, which does not expire for three years, the Board did not create a
special committee, in order to minimize the conflict of interest inherent in their adoption of
defensive measures, particularly problematic where, as here, the adoption of the defensive
measure protects the stock position of an existing controlling stockholder. While B&N has
stated that it intends to put the poison pill to a vote of its stockholders within 12 months, it has
refused to say whether the poison pill will be put up for a vote at B&N’s 2010 annual meeting.
51. The poison pill was implemented in the form of a distribution of a dividend of one
“Right” for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of B&N. Each
Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from B&N a unit consisting of one one-
thousandth (1/1,000) of a share of Series I Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the
Company at a price of $100.00.
52. Under the poison pill, the Rights would become exercisable if a person or group –
other than the Riggio family – acquires 20% or more of B&N’s common stock or announces a
tender offer which results in the ownership of 20% or more of B&N’s common stock. The
Rights also will be exercisable if a person or group that already owns 20% or more of B&N
common stock acquires any additional shares (other than pursuant to B&N’s compensation or
benefit plans). If the Rights become exercisable, all rights holders (other than the person
triggering the poison pill) will be entitled to acquire B&N’s common stock at a 50% discount
without board approval.
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53. The poison pill includes a provision that purports to “grandfather” in any
“Excluded Person” who would otherwise trigger the poison pill based on their share acquisition
as of the date the pill was adopted. In fact this provision only applies to Leonard Riggio and
some or all of this family members, as they are the only stockholders who held more than 20% of
the B&N shares at the time the poison pill was adopted. Other provisions allow Excluded
Persons (i.e., Leonard Riggio, Stephen Riggio or other members of their family) to freely transfer
shares to their family members (and trusts for their benefit) without triggering the poison pill.
Tellingly, Excluded Persons may also acquire additional shares without triggering the poison pill
with Board approval, but the poison pill does not authorize the Board to approve such exceptions
for any other stockholder.
54. In addition to the custom-made Riggio provisions, the poison pill is vaguely
worded as to whether the Riggio family can acquire even more shares. If a person is deemed an
“Acquiring Person,” as defined in the poison pill, then the poison pill is triggered. The definition
generally excludes Leonard Riggio so long as he does not acquire any more shares. However,
the poison pill, as adopted on November 17, 2009, expressly excluded from the definition of an
“acquiring person” other Riggio family members as follows:
(d) (i) any Person who is an immediate family member of an
Excluded Person [i.e., Leonard Riggio or Stephen Riggio] and any
trust for the benefit of (or the trustees of which include) such
immediate family member or such Excluded Person, which Person
or trust acquires from such Excluded Person Common Shares
(such shares, “Excluded Shares”) and (ii) any executor or trustee
for the estate of an Excluded Person or of such immediate family
member, unless and until, in the case of clause (i) and (ii), such
Person, trust, executor or trustee, together with all Affiliates and
Associates of such Person, trust, executor or trustee, shall become
the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the Common Shares not
including Excluded Shares.
24
Under the poison pill’s definition of an Excluded Person, at a minimum, each of Leonard and
Stephen Riggio were Excluded Persons, as each, as brothers, was an immediate family member
of the other. Thus, each could acquire the shares of the other without triggering the poison pill.
In addition, under the original definition of an Acquiring Person, the poison pill purported to
allow Stephen Riggio to acquire an additional 20% or more of the shares of B&N common stock
not including any Excluded Shares he might acquire from Leonard or any other immediate
family member. The poison pill also purports to allow other immediate family members of
either Leonard or Stephen Riggio to acquire shares from one or both of them, or acquire
additional shares equal to 20% of the B&N shares outstanding, effectively giving the Riggio
family the ability to acquire absolute voting control of the Company without triggering the
poison pill.
55. The Board’s adoption of the poison pill is also a transparent attempt to deter or
prevent Yucaipa (or any other public stockholder) from conducting a proxy contest to elect a
slate of directors other than a slate approved by the Riggios and the incumbent Board. The
Board accomplishes this objective by the following mechanisms:
| a. | Limiting the number of shares any other stockholders could acquire before |
triggering the poison pill, while allowing the Riggios to retain approximately
32.4% of the shares, or approximately 38.2% when taken together with the other
B&N insiders and those beholden to the Riggios.
| b. | Allowing the Riggio family members, including Stephen Riggio, to acquire |
additional shares until each of those family members owned 20% of the shares.
| c. | Including an expansive definition of “beneficial ownership” of shares so that a |
person owns the shares of any other person with whom they have any “agreement,
25
arrangement or understanding (written or oral) for the purpose of . . . voting . . .
any voting securities of the Company . . . [or] . . . to cooperate in . . . influencing
the control of the Company.” This provision is intended to preclude existing,
dissatisfied stockholders of the Company – even if they owned less than 20% of
the B&N shares – from “cooperating” in any way in connection with a proxy
contest which might wrest control from the Riggios, even while the Riggio family
is permitted to own approximately 32.4% of the B&N shares and be excepted
from provisions of the poison pill so that they would be allowed to achieve
absolute voting control.
| d. | The poison pill effectively prohibits stockholders owning individually shares, |
which if added together would be in excess of 20%, from cooperating, reaching
agreements, arrangements or understandings in connection with a proxy contest
while the Riggio family through the Company is free to engage in all of those
activities. As a result, the pill materially interferes with the stockholder franchise.
| e. | Allowing Leonard and Stephen Riggio (and other Company insiders who are |
beholden to the Riggio family) to accumulate additional shares under the
Company’s compensation or benefit plans.
| f. | Allowing the Board to approve the acquisition of additional shares by the Riggios |
without triggering the poison pill, but does not allow the same exception for any
other stockholders, including Yucaipa.
56. When the Board approved and adopted this blatantly discriminatory poison pill,
the Company issued a press release stating that the poison pill was “intended to protect the
Company and its stockholders from efforts to obtain control of the Company that are inconsistent
26
with the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.” In fact, it is clear that the Board is
only concerned with anyone other than the Riggios having the opportunity to exercise
meaningful control over the company. In July 1998, the Company adopted a poison pill with a
15% ownership trigger. However, at that time Leonard Riggio beneficially owned 24% of the
stock of the Company (in other words, almost 10% above the poison pill trigger), so the Board
“grandfathered” him in and further allowed him to increase his stake by an additional 5% under
the terms of the poison pill. In fact, as a result of his acquisition of additional shares and
Company share buybacks, Leonard Riggio’s beneficial ownership was allowed to increase to
31.9% of the stock before that poison pill expired in July 2008. Thus, the prior poison pill was
used to preclude share accumulations by others while Leonard Riggio increased his percentage
of shares from 24% to almost 32%. Once the Riggio family had obtained effective control, the
poison pill was allowed to expire. Clearly, Riggio family control and ownership accumulation is
viewed differently by the Board than the right of other stockholders to invest in B&N shares, and
to exercise their stockholder franchise as owners of the Company. It was only when Yucaipa
began to acquire sufficient shares to challenge the Riggios’ control and apply pressure to
improve the Company’s inadequate corporate governance policies and practices that the Board
suddenly felt compelled to adopt a new poison pill that protects and entrenches the Riggios and
the other incumbent Directors while depriving outside stockholders of the free exercise of the
stockholder franchise.
57. The adoption of the poison pill was not needed to accomplish the avowed purpose
of “protect[ing] the company and its stockholders from efforts to obtain control.” Even without a
poison pill, it would be impossible for a third party to obtain control of the Company in fewer
than two election cycles, taking no less than two years. In fact, allowing a person to acquire
27
shares equal to the percentage of shares owned by the Riggios will serve to neutralize the
existing control of the Riggios, enhancing the stockholder franchise and making the public shares
more valuable.
58. B&N’s by-laws and certificate of incorporation provide for a classified Board
consisting of three classes, with each director holding office for a term of three years. A super-
majority vote of 80% of the outstanding shares is required to amend this article in the certificate.
The Board is presently comprised of nine directors, with three seats up for election at B&N’s
upcoming annual meeting. The by-laws provide that the number of directors may be increased
or decreased by resolution of the Board, provided that the Board consists of a minimum of nine
and a maximum of twelve directors. Stockholders can only amend the by-laws at a stockholder
meeting called by the Board or by written consent, but in either case consent of 80% of the
outstanding stock is required. With control of the Board and substantially more than 20% of the
outstanding shares, the Riggios can veto any change to the staggered board or the size of the
Board.
59. Under these circumstances, there can be no reasonable likelihood of an imminent
hostile takeover if Yucaipa or another stockholder acquires a number of shares equal to or less
than the percentage of shares owned by the Riggios, as it would take at least two years to gain
control of the Board.
60. Following the adoption of the poison pill, Mr. Burkle sent a letter to Leonard
Riggio expressing his concern over the poison pill and suggesting ways in which the B&N Board
would better serve the interests of B&N and its stockholders:
1. Run the company for the best interests of all the shareholders.
The world has changed and you have too many conflicts. Sit down
with your advisors and come up with corporate governance
changes that are meaningful and empowering, not those that only
28
serve to entrench management and the Board, such as the recently
adopted poison pill.
2. If you want to run it like a private company and you want to run
it for your own personal benefit, you should consider making a
proposal to buy the Company.
3. If you in fact hate retail and want to take a half billion dollars
off the table, then the Board should contemplate options in which
all shareholders can participate. Options that increase shareholder
risk, but allow you as a controlling shareholder to decrease yours
by, among other things, cashing out, are not acceptable for a public
company.
I want to make sure you know where I am coming from. I also
want to make sure you know that I believe, and I think many of my
fellow shareholders would agree, that the recent actions by the
Company are not in the best interests of all shareholders. I would
like to meet with you whenever it is convenient.”
See Exhibit F. Mr. Burkle never received from Mr. Riggio a response to his letter.
| F. | Yucaipa Seeks a Waiver of the Poison Pill |
61. On January 28, 2010, Yucaipa sent a letter to the Board, requesting that the Board
(a) allow Yucaipa to acquire, without triggering the poison pill provision, an amount of shares
equivalent to the amount controlled by the Riggio family, and (b) confirm that the members of
the Riggio family cannot individually or collectively acquire any more common stock without
triggering the poison pill provision.
62. In this letter, Yucaipa expressed its concerns regarding the adequacy and
enforcement of the Company’s corporate governance policies and practices, as evidenced in part
by the Company’s adoption of the poison pill. Specifically, Yucaipa expressed the following
concerns:
We believe Barnes & Noble is currently undervalued, and have
therefore bought approximately 19% of the outstanding Barnes &
Noble common stock in open market purchases. I was surprised to
find that, even though I spoke with Leonard Riggio prior to our
29
purchasing any shares to make sure he understood our views and
concerns as an investor, the Company has reacted to our stock
purchases by implementing a poison pill prohibiting us (or any
other non-Riggio shareholder) from acquiring stock ownership
above a 20% threshold.
The fact that the Riggio family and other Company insiders own
over 37% of the outstanding stock, and that over the past 3 years
Len was allowed to increase his personal stake by approximately
10% of the outstanding stock (to over 30% of the outstanding
shares), in my view shows that the Board and its Chairman endorse
two sets of rules: one for the Riggio family, and one for the rest of
the Company’s shareholders. I believe the poison pill allows Len
and other Company insiders to exert effective control over the
shareholder franchise, while at the same time Len has taken a great
deal of money off the table by selling his textbook business to the
Company, thereby reducing the Company’s liquidity and
burdening the Company and its shareholders with significant debt
to finance that purchase.
We believe having over 37% of the Company shares in the hands
of the Riggio family and other insiders, coupled with the 20%
ownership limitation enforced on other shareholders under the
poison pill, has a coercive effect on the Company’s other
shareholders and gives the Riggio family a preclusive advantage in
any proxy contest. This has the effect of placing de facto control
of the Company in the Riggio’s hands, despite their owning much
less than a majority of the Company’s shares.
We believe the poison pill is counterproductive, unnecessary, and
inappropriately impairs the free and fair exercise of the shareholder
franchise. Put simply, we believe it hurts the share price and
inappropriately penalizes Barnes & Noble’s “non-Riggio”
shareholders. We also firmly believe that by implementing the
poison pill but nonetheless allowing Len Riggio and other insiders
to own over 37% of the stock, the Board is sending a message to
the other shareholders and the investing community that Barnes &
Noble is a company controlled and operated for the benefit of
selected insiders.
SeeExhibit A.
63. Permitting Yucaipa to raise its stake to equal that of the Riggios without tripping
the poison pill provisions would put Yucaipa “on equal footing” with the Riggio family at the
30
2010 annual stockholder meeting. Without such changes, winning a proxy contest at the annual
meeting would be either mathematically impossible or realistically unattainable.
| G. The | Board Confirms Its Motive in Adopting the Poison Pill |
64. In a letter, dated February 17, 2010 (Exhibit B), the Board rejected Yucaipa’s
request to amend the poison pill so Yucaipa could acquire shares not to exceed the percentage
owned or controlled by the Riggios, so that the outcome of a proxy contest would not be
adversely affected by the combination of the poison pill’s percentage limitation and the
preexisting block owned by the Riggios. The Board offered conclusory, self-serving statements
that its actions were intended to “protect our shareholders” from “actions that are inconsistent
with their best interests,” but offered no legitimate explanation as to how it could be in the best
interests of the stockholders of the Company to prevent a third-party from having voting parity
with the Riggios and their fellow insiders. The Board’s refusal of Yucaipa’s request reveals that
it did not have any legitimate justification or valid corporate purpose for adopting such a
discriminatory poison pill, other than to prevent any outside stockholder from challenging the
Riggios’ control and the Directors’ incumbency.
65. Yucaipa’s letter also asked the Board to confirm that the members of the Riggio
family could not acquire additional shares, at least not without the approval of the Board. Rather
than respond to the simple “yes” or “no” question, the Board adopted an amendment to the
poison pill with respect to the definition of “Acquiring Person,” which the Board claimed in its
response letter was intended to “eliminate any ambiguity” as to whether the Riggios could
acquire more shares.” The revision is exceedingly complex and even more confusing and
ambiguous than the flawed provisions it supposedly was designed to fix. The following is a
black line comparing the amendment to the original definition of “Acquiring Person”:
31
(d)(i)any Person who is (i)an immediate family member of an
Excluded Person and any trust for the benefit of (or the trustees of
which include) such immediate family member or such Excluded
Person, which Person or trust acquiresCommon Sharesfrom such
Excluded Person Common Shares (such shares, “Excluded
Shares”) and, (ii) anyan executor or trustee for the estate of an
Excluded Person or of such immediate family member,unless and
until, in the case of clause (i) and (ii), such Personwhich executor
or trustee acquires Common Shares from such Excluded Person or
family member (the shares acquired by any such family member,
trust, executor or trustee, together with all as described in clause
(d)(i) or (d)(ii), the “Specified Shares” and any Person so acquiring
Specified Shares, a “Specified Person”) or (iii) an Affiliate or
Associate of a Specified Person; provided that, with respect to any
Specified Person and its Affiliates and Associates of such Person,
trust, executor or trustee, shall become the Beneficial Owner of
20% or more of the Common Shares not including Excluded
Shares., this clause (d) shall only be applicable if:
(x) in the event the Specified Shares acquired by a Specified
Person after the date of this Rights Agreement are more than 20%
of the Common Shares then outstanding, (1) within 90 days from
such acquisition (or such earlier or later time as the Board may
determine and so advise the Specified Person in writing), such
Specified Person and/or any or all of its Affiliates and Associates
take the necessary actions (if any) to reduce their aggregate
Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares to an amount not more
than the Specified Shares acquired by such Specified Person, (2)
such Specified Person and its Affiliates and Associates vote (which
shall include action by written consent for purposes of this
definition), with respect to any matter submitted to a vote of the
holders of Common Shares, any Common Shares then beneficially
owned by any of them (other than such Specified Person’s
Specified Shares) on a pro rata basis proportionate to all other
votes of Common Shares actually cast on the matter and (3) at all
times following a Specified Person’s acquisition of Specified
Shares, none of such Specified Person or any of its Affiliates and
Associates acquire, without the prior approval of the Board,
Beneficial Ownership of any additional Common Shares (other
than any such ownership resulting from the exercise of any options
or the vesting of any restricted shares, in each case, granted prior to
32
or after the date hereof under any employee benefit or
compensation plan of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); and
(y) in the event the Specified Shares acquired by a Specified
Person after the date of this Rights Agreement are not more than
20% of the Common Shares then outstanding and, after giving
effect to the acquisition of such Specified Shares, such Specified
Person and its Affiliates and Associates then beneficially own
collectively more than 20% of the Common Shares then
outstanding, (1) within 90 days from such acquisition (or such
earlier or later time as the Board may determine and so advise the
Specified Person in writing), such Specified Person and/or any or
all of its Affiliates and Associates take the necessary actions to
reduce their aggregate Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares to
20% or less of the Common Shares then outstanding, (2) until such
Beneficial Ownership is so reduced and solely with respect to the
Common Shares beneficially owned by such Specified Person and
its Affiliates and Associates in excess of 20% of the Common
Shares then outstanding, such Specified Person and its Affiliates
and Associates vote, with respect to any matter submitted to a vote
of the holders of Common Shares, all such excess Common Shares
on a pro rata basis proportionate to all other votes of Common
Shares actually cast on the matter, (3) following its acquisition of
Specified Shares and until they comply with the requirements of
clause (y)(1) above, none of such Specified Person or any of its
Affiliates or Associates acquire, without the prior approval of the
Board, Beneficial Ownership of any additional Common Shares
(other than any such ownership resulting from the exercise of any
options or the vesting of any restricted shares, in each case, granted
prior to or after the date hereof under any employee benefit or
compensation plan of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) and
(4) at all times following their compliance with the requirements of
clause (y)(1) above, such Specified Person and its Affiliates and
Associates, taken together, do not, without the prior approval of
the Board, become the Beneficial Owners of more than 20% of the
Common Shares then outstanding (other than any such ownership
resulting from the exercise of any options or the vesting of any
restricted shares, in each case, granted prior to or after the date
hereof under any employee benefit or compensation plan of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries).
33
. . .
Any Specified Person subject to clause (x) of the proviso to clause
(d) of the second preceding sentence shall, for so long as such
Specified Person complies with the requirements of such clause
(x), be considered an “Excluded Person” for purposes of clause (d)
of such sentence (including for purposes of the definition of
“Specified Shares” and “Specified Person”). Any Excluded Person
who transfers more than 20% of the Common Shares then
outstanding to a Specified Person shall, following such transfer, no
longer be considered an Excluded Person for purposes of clause (c)
of the third preceding sentence.”
66. While the foregoing amendment places certain restrictions on family members
who acquire Specified Shares from an Excluded Person, the amendment still does not answer the
fundamental question of whether members of the Riggio family other than Leonard Riggio can
acquire shares in excess of the shares owned by them at the time the poison pill was adopted
other than from other Riggio family members. If such purchases are permitted, and there is
nothing in the poison pill that limits such purchases, the poison pill would allow the Riggio
family to acquire absolute voting control over the Company. As noted above, even if the intent
and interpretation of this amendment was to limit the Riggios’ ability to acquire additional
shares, it still allows additional share acquisition by members of the Riggio family with Board
approval, an exception that is not authorized or available to any outside stockholder.
67. There is nothing in the poison pill that would prevent the Board from amending
the terms of the poison pill to raise the trigger and allow other stockholders the potential for
voting parity with the Riggios. The poison pill expressly provides that “the Company may . . .
amend any provision of this Rights Agreement in any manner which the Company may deem
necessary or desirable,” at any time prior to the time a triggering event occurs, except that no
amendment can be made extending the expiration date or reducing the redemption price. The
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poison pill also provides that the B&N Board may terminate the poison pill or redeem the Rights
prior to the time the Rights are triggered. Accordingly, the only thing preventing the Board
members from amending the poison pill to treat all stockholders the same is their desire to
protect the Riggio family and their own effective control over the Company.
| H. | Yucaipa’s Response to the Board’s February 17th Letter |
68. On February 25, 2010, Yucaipa sent a letter to the Board of the Company
expressing disappointment in the Board’s refusal to permit Yucaipa to acquire additional shares
of B&N common stock without triggering the poison pill. Yucaipa repeated the fundamental
question from its January 28th letter as to whether the poison pill would allow the Riggio family
to acquire complete voting control without triggering the poison pill:
I asked a very simple question – can the Riggio family collectively
own 50% or more of the common stock without triggering the
poison pill?
Instead of responding to that straightforward question, this Board
amended the poison pill to add new provisions that in my view are
even more confusing and ambiguous than the flawed provisions
they presumably were designed to fix.
So I ask you again – can the Riggio family collectively own 50%
or more of the common stock without triggering the poison pill?
See Exhibit D. Yucaipa also requested that the Riggios not be allowed to vote their shares in any
stockholder vote on the poison pill due to the “custom-crafted provisions that create personal
rights and exceptions for the Riggio family” because “the Riggios have a clear personal interest
in the benefits this poison pill gives to them and to no other stockholders, they have a clear
conflict of interests and should not be able to exercise their disproportionate voting power (which
the poison pill itself enshrines and protects) on the question of whether to retain the poison pill.”
69. In response to other statements contained in the Board’s February 17th letter,
Yucaipa noted:
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• You state that the Company adopted the current poison pill “in
response to a rapid accumulation of a significant portion of Barnes
& Noble’s outstanding common stock.” However, after the Board
implemented its prior poison pill in July 1998 (which had an
exception to the ownership limitation allowing Leonard Riggio to
hold a greater percentage of stock and even increase his
ownership), the Board endorsed actions that allowed Leonard
Riggio to increase his share ownership from 24% to 31.9% of the
outstanding stock (according to the Company’s Proxy Statements).
In denying my request, the Board has, once again, demonstrated
that it acts to protect the interests of the Riggio family in
maintaining effective control of Barnes & Noble.
• You state that the Riggio family and other Company insiders own
31% of the outstanding stock (which as you know is 11% more
than any non-Riggio shareholder is entitled to own, due to the
poison pill). However, the Company’s own public filings report
that these insiders beneficially own more than 37% of the
outstanding stock. Unless the Company has restricted the insiders’
ability to exercise their options or the insiders have committed not
to vote any shares issued upon exercise of their options, your
statements as to the insiders’ voting power are in our view
misleading. In the absence of such restrictions or commitments,
the exercise of the options and the right to vote the resulting shares
is entirely within the control of these insiders, and they absolutely
can vote 37% of the Company’s shares if they choose to do so.
• You state that the Company has previously announced it would
put the poison pill to a shareholder vote within 12 months of its
adoption. Please confirm that the poison pill will be on the ballot
at the upcoming 2010 annual meeting of shareholders (which the
Company has announced will be held as soon as reasonably
practicable after May 1, 2010 but no later than September 30,
2010).
70. The letter requested a meeting with the non-management directors. A meeting
with two B&N directors took place in New York on March 29, 2010. At that meeting, Mr.
Burkle, on behalf of Yucaipa, discussed with the directors the Company’s corporate governance
practices and Mr. Burkle reiterated (a) Yucaipa’s request that the Company’s poison pill, which
was implemented on November 17, 2009 without stockholder approval, either be cancelled or
amended to allow any stockholder to acquire the same level of share ownership as the Riggio
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family, and (b) Yucaipa’s request for clarification that the Riggio family cannot acquire
additional shares under the terms of the poison pill. He also recommended that the Company
improve its corporate governance practices by adding three to four new independent directors
to the Company’s Board of Directors. The B&N directors said that they would get back to Mr.
Burkle.
71. To date, the B&N Board has not substantively responded to any of the issues
raised in the meeting or Yucaipa’s letters.
I. Irreparable Harm
72. The adoption and continuation of the poison pill is causing irreparable injury to
Yucaipa and the other stockholders of B&N in numerous respects, including:
| a. | Precluding Yucaipa from acquiring additional shares of the Company to equal or |
| | approach the voting power of the Riggios and other insiders; |
| b. | Allowing the Riggios to acquire additional shares of the Company while Yucaipa |
| | is precluded from doing so; |
| c. | Precluding Yucaipa from cooperating with or reaching an agreement, arrangement |
| | or understanding with other stockholders of the Company for the purpose of |
| | nominating individuals to serve as directors of the Company, conducting a proxy |
| | contest to elect directors to the Board of the Company, or sharing expense in |
| | connection with such a proxy contest; |
| d. | Allowing the Company to utilize the assets of the Company in support of a proxy |
| | contest to re-elect the incumbent board and maintain the control of the Riggios |
| | while Yucaipa and other stockholders are precluded from doing so; |
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| e. | Precluding Yucaipa and other non-Riggio stockholders owning shares, which if |
| | added together would be in excess of 20%, from reaching agreements, |
| | arrangements or understandings in connection with a proxy contest while the |
| | Riggio family through the Company is free to engage in all of those activities. As |
| | a result, the poison pill materially interferes with the stockholder franchise. In |
| | adopting the poison pill, the Board did not and cannot identify either a compelling |
| | corporate justification or a threat to an important corporate policy which would |
| | outweigh the harm to the stockholder franchise. |
73. In the absence of expedited judicial relief, Yucaipa and the other public
stockholders will suffer or continue to suffer irreparable harm from the Board’s wrongful use of
the poison pill. Yucaipa expects to nominate a slate of three directors to be elected to the B&N
board. It is also considering whether to put before the stockholders other matters, such as a vote
on the poison pill, at the 2010 annual meeting (the “2010 Meeting”). Waging an effective proxy
contest is expensive and involves time and resources as well as communication and coordination
with other stockholders. The Company and the Board are free to communicate with stockholders
and to solicit views on board candidates, including reaching understandings or agreements to
place representatives of a stockholder or group of stockholders on the Board.
74. In order for Yucaipa to be able to wage a meaningful proxy contest and the B&N
stockholders – other than the Riggios and those beholden to them – to effectively exercise their
stockholder franchise, Yucaipa needs relief from this Court to level the playing field without
triggering the poison pill (1) in advance of the record date for the 2010 Meeting in order to buy
additional shares and (2) well in advance of the advance notice by law date in order to
communicate, coordinate and reach agreements or understandings with other stockholders, on
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such subjects as who would be good candidates for the slate of directors to be nominated for
election at the 2010 Meeting, what issues to bring to the stockholders at the 2010 Meeting and
the possible sharing of the expense of the proxy contest.
75. B&N has not set the date for the 2010 Meeting. It has publicly stated that it will
be held not later than September 30, 2010. B&N has an advance notice by-law that requires
Yucaipa to give notice of and information regarding any nominees and proposals not less than 30
days in advance of the meeting date, provided that B&N has publicly announced the date of the
2010 Meeting at least 40 days in advance of the date of the Meeting. If notice of the meeting
date is less than 40 days, then the notice and information must be provided 10 days in advance of
the meeting date.
76. Assuming that the 2010 Meeting is to be held in mid-September, Yucaipa and the
B&N stockholders will need relief from the Court by mid-July or sooner. Unless the provisions
of the poison pill precluding cooperation or agreements among stockholders with respect to the
nomination of directors or the conduct of a proxy contest are enjoined, Yucaipa will be unable,
or irreparably impaired in its ability, to nominate candidates before the deadline established by
the advance notice provisions of the bylaw.
77. Unless the provisions of the poison pill setting the level of stock ownership at
which the poison pill is triggered are modified, Yucaipa will be unable to acquire shares
sufficient to equal or approach the number of shares owned by the Riggios in advance of the
record date to be set by the Board for the unscheduled stockholder meeting.
78. Yucaipa has suffered and is suffering irreparable injury as a consequence of the
Board’s misuse of the poison pill.
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COUNT I – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Refusal to Amend the Poison Pill: Violation ofUnocal)
79. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
80. The individual defendants owed Yucaipa and B&N’s other stockholders
uncompromising fiduciary duties of loyalty, good faith, and due care.
81. Delaware law imposes a fiduciary duty on the Director Defendants to act
reasonably and not to invoke defensive measures unless they are in response to a legitimate
threat to the Company’s policy and effectiveness.
82. The Director Defendants have breached their fiduciary duties by refusing to
amend the poison pill’s 20% trigger because their actions were not reasonable in light of any
perceived threat. The Riggios effectively control approximately 38.2% of the shares of B&N,
and there are staggered Board elections. The Company has a classified Board structure that
requires an 80% stockholder vote to change, and therefore it is effectively “locked in” under the
By-laws and Certificate of Incorporation. There is no reasonable likelihood of a hostile takeover
of the Company or the Board under these circumstances. The poison pill was not adopted in
response to any legitimate threat to corporate policy but, rather, was expressly designed and
adopted to prevent an outside stockholder from acquiring sufficient shares to challenge the
Riggios’ control and the entrenchment of the incumbent Directors. The Director Defendants
should be ordered to amend the poison pill’s trigger to an amount equal to that owned by the
Riggio family. Alternatively, the Riggio family should be enjoined from exercising voting rights
for any of their shares above the 20% ownership limit that the poison pill imposes on other
stockholders. In addition, the Director Defendants should be ordered to amend the poison pill to
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make explicit that all members of the Riggio family cannot individually or collectively acquire
any more common stock without triggering the poison pill.
83. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT II – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Refusal to Amend the Poison Pill: Violation ofBlasius)
84. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
85. The Director Defendants were under a fiduciary duty to refrain from acting to
interfere with the stockholder franchise in the absence of a compelling corporate justification.
86. The Director Defendants’ refusal to increase the 20% trigger in the poison pill to
amount equivalent to those shares controlled by the Riggio family was for the principal purpose
of disenfranchising the stockholders and preventing the legitimate exercise of the stockholder
franchise, including a proxy contest. Because the Riggios effectively control approximately
38.2% of B&N’s shares, and the poison pill prevents any other stockholder from obtaining 20%
of the shares, a successful proxy contest is realistically unattainable.
87. No “compelling justification” existed for the Director Defendants’ actions. The
Director Defendants should be ordered to amend the poison pill’s trigger to an amount equal to
that owned by the Riggio family. Alternatively, the Riggio family should be enjoined from
exercising voting rights for any of their shares above the 20% ownership limit that the poison pill
imposes on other stockholders. In addition, the Director Defendants should be ordered to amend
the poison pill to make explicit that all members of the Riggio family cannot individually or
collectively acquire any more common stock without triggering the poison pill.
88. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
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COUNT III – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Refusal to Amend the Poison Pill Constituted Gross Negligence)
89. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
90. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders the utmost
duty of care.
91. The Director Defendants were grossly negligent in refusing to amend the 20%
trigger in the poison pill. The Director Defendants should be ordered to amend the poison pill’s
trigger to an amount equal to that owned by the Riggio family. Alternatively, the Riggio family
should be enjoined from exercising voting rights for any of their shares above the 20%
ownership limit that the poison pill imposes on other stockholders. In addition, the Director
Defendants should be ordered to amend the poison pill to make explicit that all members of the
Riggio family cannot individually or collectively acquire any more common stock without
triggering the poison pill.
92. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT IV – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Refusal to Amend the Poison Pill Constituted Bad Faith)
93. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
94. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders
uncompromising fiduciary duties of loyalty, good faith and due care. They must act in the good
faith belief that their actions are in the Company’s best interest.
95. By refusing to amend the 20% trigger in the poison pill, the Director Defendants
have breached their fiduciary duties by acting for an improper purpose. The Director Defendants
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breached their duty of loyalty by making a bad faith decision to refuse to amend the poison pill
to allow Plaintiffs to collectively acquire shares equal to those beneficially owned by the Riggio
family without triggering the poison pill for reasons inimical to the interests of B&N and its
stockholders. The Director Defendants’ action in refusing to amend the poison pill was taken for
entrenchment purposes, and not in reaction to any perceived threat of a hostile takeover. The
Director Defendants should be ordered to amend the poison pill’s trigger to an amount equal to
that beneficially owned by the Riggio family. Alternatively, the Riggio family should be
enjoined from exercising voting rights for any of their shares above the 20% ownership limit that
the poison pill imposes on other stockholders. In addition, the Director Defendants should be
ordered to amend the poison pill to make explicit that all members of the Riggio family cannot
individually or collectively acquire any more common stock without triggering the poison pill.
96. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT V – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Entire Fairness)
97. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
98. The Board’s adoption of the poison pill and issuance of the Rights to the Riggios
was but one in a long line of self-dealing transactions between the Company and the Riggios.
The poison pill is replete with provisions that operate to the advantage of the Riggios and to the
detriment of B&N’s public stockholders. For example:
| a. | Leonard Riggio, who beneficially owned approximately 30.6% of the Company’s |
| | common stock at the time the Board adopted the poison pill, is exempted from the |
| | poison pill’s 20% trigger. |
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| b. | Even though the “grandfather” provision of the poison pill is drafted as a general |
| | provision of purportedly neutral application, the only stockholder who can |
| | possibly qualify for the exception to the general 20% ownership rule is Leonard |
| | Riggio and other Riggio family members (or trusts for their benefit); |
| c. | The poison pill allows for transfers of shares among the members of the Riggio |
| | family or trusts for their benefit without triggering the poison pill, establishing |
| | members of the Riggio family as part of a special class of stockholders with |
| d. | The poison pill is triggered if stockholders owning more than 20% of the stock of |
| | the Company enter into any “agreement, arrangement or understanding (written or |
| | oral) for the purpose of . . . voting . . . any voting securities of the Company . . . |
| | [or] . . . cooperate in . . . influencing the control of the Company.” This provision |
| | is intended to stifle stockholder dissent by preventing existing, dissatisfied |
| | stockholders of the Company from “cooperating” in connection with a proxy |
| | contest which might dislodge the Riggios from wielding de facto control of the |
| | Company, notwithstanding that the Riggios and others beholden to them own |
| | approximately 38.2% of the Company’s stock. |
| e. | The poison pill is written with a calculated and artful ambiguity as to whether the |
| | entire Riggio family is “grandfathered” under the poison pill but unable to acquire |
| | any additional shares, or whether members of the family other than Leonard |
| | Riggio could acquire additional stock of the Company, such that the family could |
| | collectively acquire over 50% of the Company’s stock without triggering the |
| | poison pill. Indeed, when Yucaipa twice asked in letters whether any member of |
44
| | the Riggio family could acquire additional shares without triggering the poison |
| | pill, the Board twice refused to directly answer the question. |
| f. | The poison pill operates to preclude collective action by public stockholders – |
| | none of whom own more than 20% of the Company’s stock – but apparently |
| | allows members of the Riggio family, which already beneficially owns |
| | approximately 32.4% of the stock, to achieve absolute voting control. |
| g. | The poison pill expressly allows the Board to approve additional share |
| | acquisitions by the Riggio family so that the poison pill is not triggered by such |
| | acquisitions, but the poison pill does not provide the same approval mechanism |
| | for share acquisitions by persons other than the Riggios. |
| h. | The poison pill is not triggered by additional shares being issued to Leonard or |
| | Stephen Riggio, who already beneficially own approximately 32.4% of the |
| | Company’s stock, pursuant to the Company’s compensation plans. Thus, the |
| | Riggios will be able to augment their share position under the poison pill. |
99. The terms of the poison pill are not entirely fair to the other stockholders of the
Company. The Court should enjoin the effectuation of the offending provisions of the poison
pill identified by Plaintiffs.
100. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT VI – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Adoption of the Poison Pill With a 20% Trigger And With Exclusive Benefits
to the Riggio Family: Violation ofUnocal)
101. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
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102. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders
uncompromising fiduciary duties of loyalty, good faith and due care.
103. Delaware law imposes a fiduciary duty on the Director Defendants to act
reasonably and not to invoke defensive measures unless they are in response to a legitimate
threat to the Company’s policy and effectiveness.
104. The Director Defendants have breached their fiduciary duties by approving and
implementing the poison pill with a 20% trigger and creating preferential exceptions and special
rights for the exclusive benefit of members of the Riggio family, because their actions were not
reasonable in light of any perceived threat. The Riggios effectively control approximately 38.2%
of B&N’s shares, and there are staggered Board elections that cannot be changed without Riggio
family approval due to the 80% vote required to amend the By-Laws and Certificate. There is no
reasonable likelihood of a hostile takeover under these circumstances. The poison pill was
created not to address a threat to important corporate policy, but rather to prevent another
stockholder from acquiring an equal number of shares as the Riggios, thereby counterbalancing
their influence on the Board. The poison pill also impermissibly interferes with Yucaipa’s and
other public stockholders’ right to conduct proxy contests and engage in other protected
activities in furtherance of their stockholder franchise. The Court should enjoin the effectuation
of the offending provisions of the poison pill identified by Plaintiffs.
105. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT VII – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Adoption of the Poison Pill With a 20% Trigger And With Exclusive Benefits
to the Riggio Family: Violation ofBlasius)
106. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
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107. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders
uncompromising fiduciary duties of loyalty, good faith and due care.
108. The Director Defendants were under a fiduciary duty to refrain from acting to
interfere with the stockholder franchise in the absence of a compelling corporate justification.
109. By virtue of the facts set forth above, and specifically by adopting the poison pill
with a 20% trigger and creating preferential exceptions and special rights for the exclusive
benefit of members of the Riggio family in order to prevent a proxy contest, the Director
Defendants breached their fiduciary duties. Because the Riggios effectively control
approximately 38.2% of B&N’s shares and the poison pill prevents any other stockholder from
obtaining 20% of the shares, a successful proxy contest is not realistically attainable.
110. No “compelling justification” existed for the Director Defendants’ actions.
111. The Director Defendants were not acting in good faith, were not acting with an
honest belief that the actions were in the best interest of the company or its stockholders, and
wholly disregarded the best interest of B&N in taking these actions. B&N was also acting
disloyally to Plaintiffs. The poison pill impermissibly interferes with Yucaipa’s and other public
stockholders’ right to conduct proxy contests and engage in other protected activities in
furtherance of their stockholder franchise. The Court should enjoin the effectuation of the
offending provisions of the poison pill identified by Plaintiffs.
112. The Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT VIII – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Adoption of the Poison Pill With a 20% Trigger And With Exclusive Benefits
to the Riggio Family Constituted Gross Negligence)
113. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
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114. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders the utmost
duty of care.
115. The Director Defendants were grossly negligent in approving the poison pill with
a 20% trigger and when creating preferential exceptions and special rights for the exclusive
benefit of members of the Riggio family. The terms of the poison pill were established without
any independent advice to the Director Defendants with respect to its terms. The Court should
enjoin the effectuation of the offending provisions of the poison pill identified by Plaintiffs.
116. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT IX – BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
(Adoption of the Poison Pill With a 20% Trigger And With Exclusive Benefits to the Riggio
Family Constituted Bad Faith)
117. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
118. The Director Defendants owe Plaintiffs and B&N’s other stockholders
uncompromising fiduciary duties of loyalty, good faith and due care. They must act in the good
faith belief that their actions are in the Company’s best interest.
119. By approving and implementing the poison pill with a 20% trigger, the Director
Defendants have breached their fiduciary duties by acting for an improper purpose. The Director
Defendants breached their duty of loyalty by making a bad faith decision to approve the poison
pill with a 20% trigger and by creating preferential exceptions and special rights for the
exclusive benefit of members of the Riggio family for reasons inimical to the interests of B&N
and its stockholders. The Director Defendants’ action in approving the poison pill was taken for
entrenchment purposes, and not in reaction to any perceived threat of a hostile takeover. The
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Court should enjoin the effectuation of the offending provisions of the poison pill identified by
Plaintiffs.
120. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT X – DECLARATORY JUDGMENT
121. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
122. Pursuant to Chapter 65 of Title 10 of the Delaware Code and Court of Chancery
Rule 57, this Court has the power to declare the rights, status or other legal relations of the
parties before it. More specifically, Section 6502 of Title 10 permits any person interested under
a written contract to obtain a declaration of that person’s rights, status or other legal relations
thereunder.
123. Plaintiffs request that this Court declare the following: All members of the
Riggio family are “Excluded Persons” under the terms of the poison pill and no member of that
family may acquire additional shares of the Company without triggering the poison pill.
124. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
COUNT XI – DECLARATORY JUDGMENT
125. Plaintiffs repeat and reallege the allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs
as if fully set forth herein.
126. Pursuant to Chapter 65 of Title 10 of the Delaware Code and Court of Chancery
Rule 57, this Court has the power to declare the rights, status or other legal relations of the
parties before it. More specifically, Section 6502 of Title 10 permits any person interested under
a written contract to obtain a declaration of that person’s rights, status or other legal relations
thereunder.
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127. Plaintiffs request that this Court declare the following: Any cooperation,
agreements, arrangements, or understanding with any other stockholder of the Company with
respect to a proxy contest for the election of directors or a vote of the stockholders with respect
to the poison pill does not trigger the poison pill or that any provision of the poison pill for such
is invalid and void.
128. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law.
* * * * * *
WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs pray that this Court enter an Order:
A. Declaring the Director Defendants in breach of their fiduciary duties of loyalty,
care and good faith;
B. Enjoining the effectuation of the offending provisions of the poison pill identified
by Plaintiffs;
C. Directing the Directors Defendants to amend the poison pill’s trigger to an
amount equal to that controlled by the Riggio family or, alternatively, permanently enjoin the
Riggio family from exercising voting rights for any of their shares above the 20% ownership
limit that the poison pill imposes on other stockholders;
D. Declaring that all members of the Riggio family are “Excluded Persons” under the
terms of the poison pill and no member of that family may acquire additional shares of the
Company without triggering the poison pill;
E. Directing the Director Defendants to amend the poison pill to make explicit that
all members of the Riggio family cannot individually or collectively acquire any more common
stock without triggering the poison pill;
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F. Declaring that cooperating and/or entering into any agreements, arrangements, or
understandings with any other stockholder of the Company with respect to a proxy contest for
the election of directors or a vote of the stockholders with respect to the poison pill or any other
proposal to be presented to stockholders for vote does not trigger the poison pill or, alternatively,
that any provision of the poison pill prohibiting such action is invalid and void;
G. Awarding Plaintiffs damages for Defendants’ illegal and improper conduct in an
amount to be determined at trial;
H. Awarding Plaintiffs’ costs and expenses incurred in this action, including, but not
limited to, experts’ and attorneys’ fees; and
I. Awarding such other and further relief as the Court deems just, equitable, and
proper.
| | | | |
| | YOUNG CONAWAY STARGATT & TAYLOR, LLP | | |
| | |
| | /s/ David C. McBride | | |
| | |
| | | | |
OF COUNSEL: Stephen D. Alexander J. Warren Rissier Karen J. Pazzani BINGHAM MCCUTCHEN LLP Suite 4400 355 South Grand Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90071-3106 Date: May 5, 2010 | | David C. McBride (# 408) William D. Johnston (# 2123) Martin S. Lessner (# 3109) Kristen Salvatore DePalma (# 4908) Emily V. Burton (# 5142) The Brandywine Building 1000 West Street, 17th Floor P.O. Box 391 Wilmington, DE 19899-0391 (302) 571-6600 Counsel for Plaintiffs | | |
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