Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into one-to-four family, multifamily, commercial real estate, business (including Small Business Administration loans), and consumer loans. The allowance for loan and lease losses ("ALLL") reflects management’s judgment in the evaluation of probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to calculate the ALLL each quarter. To determine the total ALLL, management estimates the reserves needed for each segment of the loan portfolio, including loans analyzed individually and loans analyzed on a pooled basis. From time to time, events or economic factors may affect the loan portfolio, causing management to provide additional or to release reserves from the ALLL. The ALLL is sensitive to risk ratings assigned to individually evaluated loans and economic assumptions and delinquency trends. Individual loan risk ratings are evaluated based on the specific facts related to that loan. Additions to the ALLL are made by charges to the provision for loan losses. Credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ALLL, while recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited to the ALLL. The following is a summary of loans receivable at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019 : September 30, 2019 March 31, 2019 $ in thousands Amount Percent Amount Percent Gross loans receivable: One-to-four family $ 116,291 27.1 % $ 108,363 25.5 % Multifamily 82,246 19.1 % 86,177 20.2 % Commercial real estate 138,512 32.2 % 130,812 30.7 % Business (1) 88,982 20.7 % 96,430 22.7 % Consumer (2) 3,655 0.9 % 4,023 0.9 % Total loans receivable $ 429,686 100.0 % $ 425,805 100.0 % Unamortized premiums, deferred costs and fees, net 3,598 3,023 Allowance for loan losses (4,625 ) (4,646 ) Total loans receivable, net $ 428,659 $ 424,182 (1) Includes business overdrafts (2) Includes personal loans and consumer overdrafts The following is an analysis of the allowance for loan losses based upon the method of evaluating loan impairment for the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 . Three months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands One-to-four family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance 1,232 875 668 1,400 240 255 $ 4,670 Charge-offs — — — (56 ) (6 ) — (62 ) Recoveries 8 — — 2 — — 10 Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses 49 9 27 145 14 (237 ) 7 Ending Balance $ 1,289 $ 884 $ 695 $ 1,491 $ 248 $ 18 $ 4,625 Six months ended September 30, 2019 $ in thousands One-to-four family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance $ 1,274 $ 885 $ 766 $ 1,330 $ 154 $ 237 $ 4,646 Charge-offs — — — (56 ) (73 ) — (129 ) Recoveries 8 — — 90 2 — 100 Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses 7 (1 ) (71 ) 127 165 (219 ) 8 Ending Balance $ 1,289 $ 884 $ 695 $ 1,491 $ 248 $ 18 $ 4,625 Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,120 $ 884 $ 695 $ 1,478 $ 248 $ 18 $ 4,443 Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment 169 — — 13 — — 182 Loan Receivables Ending Balance: $ 118,502 $ 82,823 $ 137,451 $ 90,816 $ 3,692 $ — $ 433,284 Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 113,693 80,390 137,451 88,509 3,692 — 423,735 Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment 4,809 2,433 — 2,307 — — 9,549 At March 31, 2019 $ in thousands One-to-four family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,103 $ 885 $ 766 $ 1,312 $ 154 $ 237 $ 4,457 Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment 171 — — 18 — — 189 Loan Receivables Ending Balance: $ 109,926 $ 86,886 $ 131,292 $ 96,661 $ 4,063 $ — $ 428,828 Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 104,509 83,672 130,816 93,399 4,063 — 416,459 Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment 5,417 3,214 476 3,262 — — 12,369 Three months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands One-to-four family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance $ 1,853 $ 1,387 $ 540 $ 1,169 $ 172 $ 66 $ 5,187 Charge-offs (49 ) (100 ) — (329 ) (2 ) — (480 ) Recoveries — — — 4 32 — 36 Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses (323 ) (348 ) 162 686 (62 ) (66 ) 49 Ending Balance $ 1,481 $ 939 $ 702 $ 1,530 $ 140 $ — $ 4,792 Six months ended September 30, 2018 $ in thousands One-to-four family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance $ 1,210 $ 1,819 $ 1,052 $ 1,003 $ 18 $ 24 $ 5,126 Charge-offs (145 ) (100 ) — (340 ) (5 ) — (590 ) Recoveries — 158 — 9 35 — 202 Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses 416 (938 ) (350 ) 858 92 (24 ) 54 Ending Balance $ 1,481 $ 939 $ 702 $ 1,530 $ 140 $ — $ 4,792 The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019 . $ in thousands September 30, 2019 March 31, 2019 Gross loans receivable: One-to-four family $ 3,753 $ 4,488 Multifamily 2,433 3,214 Commercial real estate — 476 Business 1,542 2,051 Consumer — 65 Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,728 $ 10,294 Nonaccrual loans generally consist of loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued as a result of such loans becoming 90 days or more delinquent as to principal and/or interest payments. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recorded when received based upon the collectability of the loan. At September 30, 2019 , other non-performing assets totaled $120 thousand which consisted of other real estate owned comprised of two foreclosed residential properties, compared to $404 thousand comprised of four residential properties at March 31, 2019 . Although we believe that substantially all risk elements at September 30, 2019 have been disclosed, it is possible that for a variety of reasons, including economic conditions, certain borrowers may be unable to comply with the contractual repayment terms on certain real estate and commercial loans. The Bank utilizes an internal loan classification system as a means of reporting problem loans within its loan categories. Loans may be classified as “Pass,” “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss.” Loans rated Pass have demonstrated satisfactory asset quality, earning history, liquidity, and other adequate margins of creditor protection. They represent a moderate credit risk and some degree of financial stability. Loans are considered collectible in full, but perhaps require greater than average amount of loan officer attention. Borrowers are capable of absorbing normal setbacks without failure. Loans rated Special Mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank's credit position at some future date. Loans rated Substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans rated Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible with insignificant value and are charged off immediately to the allowance for loan losses. One-to-four family residential loans and consumer and other loans are rated non-performing if they are delinquent in payments ninety or more days, a troubled debt restructuring with less than six months contractual performance or past maturity. All other one-to-four family residential loans and consumer and other loans are performing loans. At September 30, 2019 , and based on the most recent analysis performed in the current quarter, the risk category by class of loans is as follows: $ in thousands Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade: Pass $ 80,390 $ 136,826 $ 84,496 Special Mention — 625 3,981 Substandard 2,433 — 2,339 Doubtful — — — Loss — — — Total $ 82,823 $ 137,451 $ 90,816 One-to-four family Consumer Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: Performing $ 114,749 $ 3,657 Non-Performing 3,753 35 Total $ 118,502 $ 3,692 At March 31, 2019 , and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category by class of loans is as follows: $ in thousands Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade: Pass $ 83,672 $ 128,319 $ 90,336 Special Mention — 2,497 2,425 Substandard 3,214 476 3,900 Doubtful — — — Loss — — — Total $ 86,886 $ 131,292 $ 96,661 One-to-four family Consumer Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity: Performing $ 106,531 $ 4,063 Non-Performing 3,395 — Total $ 109,926 $ 4,063 The following table presents an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans receivables at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019 . September 30, 2019 $ in thousands 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivables One-to-four family $ — $ 623 $ 3,021 $ 3,644 $ 114,858 $ 118,502 Multifamily — — 2,053 2,053 80,770 82,823 Commercial real estate — — — — 137,451 137,451 Business 14 440 667 1,121 89,695 90,816 Consumer 122 — — 122 3,570 3,692 Total $ 136 $ 1,063 $ 5,741 $ 6,940 $ 426,344 $ 433,284 March 31, 2019 $ in thousands 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivables One-to-four family $ 1,827 $ — $ 3,395 $ 5,222 $ 104,704 $ 109,926 Multifamily 2,580 — 2,118 4,698 82,188 86,886 Commercial real estate 121 — — 121 131,171 131,292 Business 780 — 599 1,379 95,282 96,661 Consumer 87 53 65 205 3,858 4,063 Total $ 5,395 $ 53 $ 6,177 $ 11,625 $ 417,203 $ 428,828 The following table presents information on impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019 . At September 30, 2019 At March 31, 2019 $ in thousands Recorded Unpaid Associated Recorded Unpaid Associated With no specific allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 3,994 $ 4,999 $ — $ 4,488 $ 5,643 $ — Multifamily 2,433 2,433 — 3,214 3,214 — Commercial real estate — — — 476 476 — Business 1,418 1,476 — 1,974 2,017 — With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family 815 815 169 929 929 171 Business 889 889 13 1,288 1,288 18 Total $ 9,549 $ 10,612 $ 182 $ 12,369 $ 13,567 $ 189 The following tables presents information on average balances of impaired loans and the interest income recognized on a cash basis for the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Six Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 $ in thousands Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized With no specific allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 4,185 $ 14 $ 4,813 $ 26 $ 4,241 $ 30 $ 5,074 $ 31 Multifamily 2,789 14 2,382 9 2,824 41 1,646 17 Commercial real estate — — 492 8 238 — 1,014 8 Business 1,699 16 652 6 1,696 41 623 6 With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family 869 — 887 1 872 — 1,003 2 Multifamily — — — — — — 371 — Business 1,067 — 3,050 4 1,088 — 2,867 4 Total $ 10,609 $ 44 $ 12,276 $ 54 $ 10,959 $ 112 $ 12,598 $ 68 Troubled debt restructured ("TDR") loans consist of modified loans where borrowers have been granted concessions in regards to the terms of their loans due to financial or other difficulties, which rendered them unable to repay their loans under the original contractual terms. Total TDR loans at September 30, 2019 were $4.5 million , $2.5 million of which were non-performing as they were either not consistently performing in accordance with their modified terms or not performing in accordance with their modified terms for at least six months. At March 31, 2019 , total TDR loans were $5.4 million , of which $3.2 million were non-performing. In certain circumstances, the Bank will modify a loan as part of a TDR under GAAP. Situations around these modifications may include extension of maturity date, reduction in the stated interest rate, rescheduling of future cash flows, reduction in the face amount of the debt or reduction of past accrued interest. Loans modified in TDRs are placed on nonaccrual status until the Company determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate performance according to the restructured terms for a period of at least six months. There were no loan modifications made during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2019 . There was one loan modification made during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018 . The modification set a schedule of principal repayments with an interest rate concession and maturity date extension. The following table presents an analysis of the loan modification that was classified as a TDR during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018 . Modifications to loans during the three month period ended Modifications to loans during the six month period ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 $ in thousands Number of loans Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-Modification Recorded investment Pre-Modification rate Post-Modification rate Number of loans Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-Modification Recorded investment Pre-Modification rate Post-Modification rate Business 1 $ 1,762 $ 1,712 6.75 % 6.00 % 1 $ 1,762 $ 1,712 6.75 % 6.00 % In an effort to proactively resolve delinquent loans, the Bank has selectively extended to certain borrowers concessions such as extensions, rate reductions or forbearance agreements. For the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , there were no modified loans that defaulted within 12 months of modification. At September 30, 2019 , there were 7 loans in the TDR portfolio totaling $2.0 million that were on accrual status as the Company has determined that future collection of the principal and interest is reasonably assured. These have generally performed according to restructured terms for a period of at least six months. At March 31, 2019 , there were 8 loans in the TDR portfolio totaling $2.2 million that were on accrual status. Transactions With Certain Related Persons Federal law requires that all loans or extensions of credit to executive officers and directors must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with the general public and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. The aggregate amount of loans outstanding to related parties was $70 thousand at September 30, 2019 and $80 thousand at March 31, 2019 . During the six months ended September 30, 2019 , principal repayments totaled $10 thousand . Furthermore, loans above the greater of $25,000, or 5% of Carver Federal’s capital and surplus (up to $500,000), to Carver Federal’s directors and executive officers must be approved in advance by a majority of the disinterested members of Carver Federal’s Board of Directors. |