Fair Value of Financial Instruments | (12) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company accounts for fair value measurement in accordance with FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure FASB ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: ā¢ Level 1 ā Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ā¢ Level 2 ā Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. ā¢ Level 3 ā Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. FASB ASC 820 requires the Company to disclose the fair value for financial assets on both a recurring and non-recurring basis. The assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows: Category Used for Fair Value Measurement June 30, 2015 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Investment securities available for sale: U.S. Treasury securities $ 2,501 $ 2,501 $ ā $ ā U.S. Government agency securities 4,835 ā 4,835 ā U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities 228,801 ā 228,801 ā Other mortgage-backed securities 186 ā 186 ā State and municipal securities 30,392 ā 30,392 ā Trust preferred securities 10,103 ā ā 10,103 Collateralized loan obligations 59,665 ā 59,665 ā Other securities 746 746 ā ā Hedged commercial loans 8,130 ā 8,130 ā Interest rate swaps 8,954 ā 850 ā Liabilities: Fair value interest rate swaps 527 ā 527 ā Interest rate swaps 9,016 ā 9,016 ā December 31, 2014 Assets: Investment securities available for sale: U.S. Treasury securities 2,502 2,502 ā ā U.S. Government agency securities 4,786 ā 4,786 ā U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities 265,156 ā 265,156 ā Other mortgage-backed securities 265 ā 265 ā State and municipal obligations 30,921 ā 30,921 ā Trust preferred securities 9,410 ā ā 9,410 Collateralized loan obligations 68,603 ā 68,603 ā Other securities 12,855 12,855 ā ā Hedged commercial loans 9,726 ā 9,726 ā Interest rate swaps 12,294 ā 12,294 ā Liabilities: Fair value interest rate swaps 765 ā 765 ā Interest rate swaps 12,419 ā 12,419 ā Level 1 Valuation Techniques and Inputs U.S. Treasury securities. The Company reports U.S. Treasury securities at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. These securities are priced using observable quotations for the indicated security. Other securities. The other securities category is comprised of money market mutual funds. Given the short maturity structure and the expectation that the investment can be redeemed at par value, the fair value of these investments is assumed to be the book value. Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Inputs The majority of the Companyās investment securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. Prices of these securities are obtained through independent, third-party pricing services. Prices obtained through these sources include market derived quotations and matrix pricing and may include both observable and unobservable inputs. Fair market values take into consideration data such as dealer quotes, new issue pricing, trade prices for similar issues, prepayment estimates, cash flows, market credit spreads and other factors. The Company reviews the output from the third-party providers for reasonableness by the pricing consistency among securities with similar characteristics, where available, and by comparing values with other pricing sources available to the Company. In general, the Level 2 valuation process uses the following significant inputs in determining the fair value of the Companyās different classes of investments: U.S. Government agency securities. These securities are evaluated based on either a nominal spread basis for non-callable securities or on an option adjusted spread (āOASā) basis for callable securities. The nominal spread and OAS levels are based on observations of identical or comparable securities actively trading in the markets. U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities. The Companyās agency mortgage-backed securities generally fall into one of two categories, fixed-rate agency mortgage-backed pools or adjustable-rate agency mortgage-backed pools. Fixed-rate agency mortgage-backed pools are valued based on spreads to actively traded To-Be-Announced and seasoned securities, the pricing of which is provided by inter-dealer brokers, broker dealers and other contributing firms active in trading the security class. Further delineation is made by weighted average coupon and weighted average maturity with spreads on individual securities relative to actively traded securities as determined and quality controlled using OAS valuations. Adjustable-rate agency mortgage-backed pools are valued on a bond equivalent effective margin (āBEEMā) basis obtained from broker-dealers and other contributing firms active in the market. BEEM levels are established for key sectors using characteristics such as month-to-roll, index, periodic and life caps and index margins and convertibility. Individual securities are then evaluated based on how their characteristics map to the sectors established. Other mortgage-backed securities. The Companyās other mortgage-backed securities consist of whole loan, non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations (āCMOs,ā individually, each a āCMOā). These securities are valued based on generic tranches and generic prepayment speed estimates of various types of collateral from contributing firms and broker/dealers in the whole loan CMO market. State and municipal obligations. These securities are valued using information on identical or similar securities provided by market makers, broker/dealers and buy-side firms, new issue sales and bid-wanted lists. The individual securities are then priced based on mapping the characteristics of the security such as obligation type (general obligation, revenue, etc.), maturity, state discount and premiums, call features, taxability and other considerations. Collateralized loan obligations. The fair value measurements for collateralized loan obligations are obtained through quotes obtained from broker/dealers based on similar actively traded securities. Those valuations are classified as Level 2. Hedged commercial loans. The hedged commercial loans are one component of a declared hedging relationship as defined under FASB ASC 815. The interest rate swap component of the declared hedging relationship is carried at its fair value and the carrying value of the commercial loans included a similar change in fair values. The fair value of these loans is estimated through discounted cash flow analysis which utilizes available credit and interest rate market data on performance of similar loans. This is considered a Level 2 input. Interest rate swaps. The Companyās interest rate swaps, including fair value interest rate swaps and small exposures in interest rate caps and floors, are reported at fair value utilizing models provided by an independent, third-party and observable market data. When entering into an interest rate swap agreement, the Company is exposed to fair value changes due to interest rate movements, and also the potential nonperformance of our contract counterparty. Interest rate swaps are evaluated based on a zero coupon LIBOR curve created from readily observable data on LIBOR, interest rate futures and the interest rate swap markets. The zero coupon curve is used to discount the projected cash flows on each individual interest rate swap. In addition, the Company has developed a methodology to value the nonperformance risk based on internal credit risk metrics and the unique characteristic of derivative instruments, which include notional exposure rather than principal at risk and interest payment netting. The results of this methodology are used to adjust the base fair value of the instrument for the potential counterparty credit risk. Interest rate caps and floors are evaluated using industry standard options pricing models and observed market data on LIBOR and Eurodollar option and cap/floor volatilities. Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Inputs Trust preferred securities. The trust preferred securities are evaluated on a quarterly basis based on whether the security is an obligation of a single issuer or part of a securitization pool. For single issuer obligations, the Company uses discounted cash flow models which incorporate the contractual cash flow for each issue adjusted as necessary for any potential changes in amount or timing of cash flows. The cash flow model of a pooled issue incorporates anticipated loss rates and severities of the underlying collateral as well as credit support provided within the securitization. At least quarterly, the Companyās Treasury personnel reviews the modeling assumptions which include default assumptions, discount and forward rates. Changes in those assumptions could potentially have a significant impact on the fair value of the trust preferred securities. The cash flow model for the pooled issue owned by the Company at June 30, 2015 assumes no recovery on defaulted collateral, no recovery on securities in deferral and an additional 3.6% future default rate assumption on the remaining performing collateral every three years with no recovery rate. For trust preferred securities, projected cash flows are discounted at a rate based on a trading group of similar securities quoted on the New York Stock Exchange or over-the-counter markets which is reviewed for market data points such as credit rating, maturity, price and liquidity. The Company indexes the securities to a comparable maturity interest rate swap to determine the market spread, which is then used as the discount rate in the cash flow models. As of the reporting date, the market spreads were 3.00% for the pooled security and 4.75% for the single issuer that is currently deferring interest payments. An increase or decrease of three percentage points in the discount rate on the pooled issue would result in a decrease of $1.9 million or an increase of $2.9 million in the security fair value, respectively. An increase or decrease of three percentage points in the discount on the single issuer would result in a decrease of $1.0 million or an increase of $1.6 million in the security fair value, respectively. The following provides details of the Level 3 fair value measurement activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014: Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs-Level 3 Investment Securities For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 2014 Balance, beginning of period $ 8,929 $ 8,616 Total gains, realized/unrealized: Included in earnings ā ā Included in accumulated other comprehensive income 1,174 857 Purchases ā Maturities ā ā Prepayments ā ā Calls ā ā Transfers out of Level 3 ā ā Balance, end of period $ 10,103 $ 9,473 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 2014 Balance, beginning of period $ 9,410 $ 7,967 Total gains, realized/unrealized: Included in earnings ā ā Included in accumulated other comprehensive income 693 1,506 Purchases ā Maturities ā ā Prepayments ā ā Calls ā ā Transfers out of Level 3 ā ā Balance, end of period $ 10,103 $ 9,473 There were no transfers between the three levels for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. The Company evaluates its hierarchy on a quarterly basis to ensure proper classification. Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The Company measures impaired loans, loans held-for-sale, bank properties and equipment, bank properties transferred into other real estate owned and SBA servicing assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis. At June 30, 2015 and 2014, these assets were valued in accordance with GAAP and, except for impaired loans, loans held-for-sale, and real estate owned included in the following table, did not require fair value disclosure under the provisions of FASB ASC 820. The related changes in fair value for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Category Used for Fair Value Measurement Total Losses Or Changes in Net Assets / Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities June 30, 2015 Assets: Impaired loans $ 1,364 $ ā $ ā $ 1,364 $ (257 ) Bank properties and equipment 1,729 ā 1,729 ā (2,082 ) Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market 1,821 ā 1,821 ā (677 ) June 30, 2014 Assets: Impaired loans $ 2,962 $ ā $ ā $ 2,962 $ (3,961 ) Real estate owned 294 ā ā 294 (265 ) Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market 6,355 ā 6,355 ā (4,685 ) Under FASB ASC 310, the fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, typically real estate, which is based on valuations. It is the policy of the Company to obtain a current appraisal or evaluation when a loan has been identified as non-performing. The type of appraisal obtained will be commensurate with the size and complexity of the loan. The resulting value will be adjusted for the potential cost of liquidation and decline of values in the market. New appraisals will be obtained on an annual basis until the loan is repaid in full, liquidated, or returns to performing status. While the loan policy dictates that a loan be assigned to the special assets department when it is placed on non-accrual status, there is a need for loan officers to consistently and accurately determine collateral values when a loan is initially designated as criticized or classified. The most effective means of determining the fair value of real estate collateral at a point in time is by obtaining a current appraisal or evaluation of the property. In anticipation of the receipt of a current appraisal or evaluation, the Company has provided for an alternative and interim means of determining the fair value of the real estate collateral. The most recent appraisal or reported value of the collateral securing a loan, net of a discount for the estimated cost of liquidation, is the Companyās basis for determining fair value. The following table summarizes the Companyās appraisal approach based upon loan category. Loan Category Used for Impairment Review Method of Determining the Value Loans less than $1 million Evaluation report or restricted use appraisal Loans $1 million or greater Existing appraisal 18 months or less Restricted use appraisal Existing appraisal greater than 18 months Summary form appraisal Commercial loans secured primarily by residential real estate Loans less than $1 million Automated valuation model Loans $1 million or greater Summary form appraisal Non-commercial loans secured primarily by residential real estate Loans less than $250 thousand Automated valuation model or summary form appraisal Loans $250 thousand or greater Summary form appraisal An evaluation report, as defined by the OCC, is a written report prepared by an appraiser that describes the real estate collateral, its condition, current and projected uses and sources of information used in the analysis, and provides an estimate of value in situations when an appraisal is not required. A restricted use appraisal is defined as a written report prepared under the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (āUSPAPā). A restricted use appraisal is for the Companyās use only and should contain a brief statement of information significant to the determination of the value of the collateral under review. This report can be used for ongoing collateral monitoring. A summary form appraisal is defined as a written report prepared under the USPAP which contains a detailed summary of all information significant to the determination of the collateral valuation. This report is more detailed than a restricted use report and provides sufficient information to enable the user to understand the rationale for the opinions and conclusions in the report. An automated valuation model is an internal computer program that estimates a propertyās market value based on market, economic, and demographic factors. On a quarterly basis, or more frequently as necessary, the Company will review the circumstances of each collateral dependent loan and real estate owned property. A collateral dependent loan is defined as one that relies solely on the operation or the sale of the collateral for repayment. Adjustments to any specific reserve relating to a collateral shortfall, as compared to the outstanding loan balance, will be made if justified by appraisals, market conditions or current events concerning the loan. All appraisals received which are utilized to determine valuations for criticized and classified loans or properties placed in real estate owned are provided under an āas isā value. Partially charged off loans are measured for impairment upon receipt of an updated appraisal based on the relationship between the remaining balance of the charged down loan and the discounted appraised value. Such loans will remain on non-accrual status unless performance by the borrower warrants a return to accrual status. Recognition of non-accrual status occurs at the time a loan can no longer support principal and interest payments in accordance with the original terms and conditions of the loan documents. When impairment is determined, a specific reserve reflecting any calculated shortfall between the value of the collateral and the outstanding balance of the loan is recorded. Subsequent adjustments, prior to receipt of a new appraisal, to any related specific reserve will be made if justified by market conditions or current events concerning the loan. If an internal discount-based evaluation is being used, the discount percentage may be adjusted to reflect market changes, changes to the collateral value of similar loans or circumstances of the individual loan itself. The amount of the charge-off is determined by calculating the difference between the current loan balance and the current collateral valuation, plus estimated cost to liquidate. Impaired loan fair value measurements are based upon unobservable inputs, and therefore, are categorized as a Level 3 measurement. There were no impaired loans with specific reserves at both June 30, 2015 and 2014. There were no charge-offs recorded on impaired loans with a specific reserve during both the six months ended June 30, 2015, and 2014. Impaired loans held-for-investment with an aggregate carrying amount of $1.4 million and $3.0 million at June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, did not include specific reserves as the value of the underlying collateral was not below the carrying amount. However, these loans did include charge-offs of $257 thousand, of which $0 related to loans that were fully charged off at June 30, 2015 and $4.0 million, of which $3.7 million related to loans which were fully charged off at June 30, 2014. Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market with an aggregate carrying amount of $1.8 million at June 30, 2015 included charge-offs of $677 thousand to reduce the balance of the loans to fair value. The fair value of these loans was determined through the use of broker quotes based on market data; therefore, this is a level 2 input. Once a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the underlying collateral is repossessed and reclassified as other real estate owned. The balance of other real estate owned can also include bank properties transferred from operations. These assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell. In some cases, adjustments are made to the appraised values for various factors including age of the appraisal, age of comparable properties included in the appraisal, and known changes in the market and the collateral. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded a decrease in fair value on commercial properties of $0 and $197 thousand, respectively, and $0 and $68 thousand on consumer properties, respectively. These adjustments were based upon unobservable inputs, and therefore categorized as Level 3 measurements. The SBA servicing assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing. Because loans are sold individually and not pooled, the Company does not stratify groups of loans based on risk characteristics for purposes of measuring impairment. The Company measures the SBA servicing assets by estimating the present value of expected future cash flows for each servicing asset, based on their unique characteristics and market-based prepayment assumptions. This is a Level 3 input. A valuation allowance is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount of the servicing asset exceeds the calculated fair value. The Company had a valuation allowance of $177 thousand on its SBA servicing assets at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. In accordance with ASC 825-10-50-10, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a distressed sale. Fair value is best determined using observable market prices; however, for many of the Companyās financial instruments, no quoted market prices are readily available. In instances where quoted market prices are not readily available, fair value is determined using cash flow models or other techniques appropriate for the particular instrument. These techniques involve some degree of judgment and, as a result, are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange. Utilizing different assumptions or estimation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value. Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities June 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Assets: Cash and due from banks $ 28,544 $ 28,544 $ 42,548 $ 42,548 Interest-earning bank balances 250,319 250,319 505,885 505,885 Restricted cash 5,000 5,000 13,000 13,000 Investment securities available for sale 337,229 337,229 394,500 394,500 Investment securities held-to-maturity 462 470 489 501 Loans receivable, net 1,550,469 1,519,026 1,477,172 1,412,372 Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market 2,006 2,006 4,083 4,083 Hedged commercial loans (1) 8,130 8,130 9,726 9,726 Branch assets held-for-sale 5,604 5,604 69,064 69,064 Restricted equity investments 15,554 15,554 14,961 14,961 Interest rate swaps 8,954 8,954 12,294 12,294 Liabilities: Demand deposits 1,270,277 1,237,570 1,409,978 1,444,488 Savings deposits 211,569 203,484 224,017 232,572 Time deposits 394,875 405,628 457,909 458,233 Deposits held-for-sale 34,689 36,077 183,395 199,469 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ā customers ā ā 1,156 1,156 Advances from FHLBNY 85,698 85,862 60,787 60,935 Junior subordinated debentures 92,786 69,991 92,786 67,837 Fair value interest rate swaps 527 527 765 765 Interest rate swaps 9,016 9,016 12,419 12,419 (1) Includes positive market value adjustment of $527 thousand and $765 thousand at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, which is equal to the change in value of related interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of these hedged loans in accordance with FASB ASC 815. Cash and cash equivalents. For cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. This is a Level 1 fair value input. Restricted cash. For restricted cash, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. This is a Level 1 fair value input. Investment securities. For investment securities, fair values are based on a combination of quoted prices for identical assets in active markets, quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are either actively or not actively traded and price models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that may contain unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and require significant judgment. The fair value of available-for-sale securities is measured utilizing Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 inputs. The fair value of held-to-maturity securities is measured utilizing Level 2 inputs. Loans receivable, net. The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis. Projected future cash flows are calculated using loan characteristics, and assumptions of voluntary and involuntary prepayment speeds. For performing loans, Level 2 inputs are utilized as the cash flow analysis is performed using available market data on the performance of similar loans. Projected cash flows are prepared using discount rates believed to represent current market rates. For non-performing loans, the cash flow assumptions are considered Level 3 inputs as market data is not readily available. Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market. Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or market includes consumer loans identified for sale out of the portfolio. These loans are recorded at lower of cost or market. The fair value of these loans is determined through the use of broker quotes based on market data; therefore, this is a level 2 input. Hedged commercial loans. The hedged commercial loans are one component of a declared hedging relationship as defined under FASB ASC 815. The interest rate swap component of the declared hedging relationship is carried at its fair value and the carrying value of the commercial loans includes a similar change in fair values. The fair value of these loans is measured utilizing Level 2 inputs. Branch assets held-for-sale. This category includes loans receivable and fixed assets, identified at certain branches for sale. As these assets are under agreement of sale at net book value, the carrying value is deemed to equal fair value. This is a level 2 fair value input. Restricted equity securities. Ownership in equity securities of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (the āFederal Reserve Bankā), FHLBNY and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank is restricted and there is no established market for their resale. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value is based on Level 2 inputs. Interest rate swaps and fair value interest rate swaps. The Companyās derivative financial instruments are not exchange-traded and therefore are valued utilizing models with the primary input being readily observable market parameters, specifically the LIBOR swap curve. In addition, the Company incorporates a qualitative fair value adjustment related to credit quality variations between counterparties as required by FASB ASC 820. This is a level 2 input. Demand deposits, savings deposits and time deposits. The fair value of demand deposits and savings deposits is determined by projecting future cash flows using an estimated economic life based on account characteristics, a Level 2 input. The resulting cash flow is discounted using rates available on alternative funding sources. The fair value of time deposits is estimated using the rate and maturity characteristics of the deposits to estimate their cash flow. This cash flow is discounted at rates for similar term wholesale funding. Deposits held-for-sale . The fair value is determined by applying the agreed upon deposit premium per a branch sale agreement. This is a level 2 input. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ā customer. The fair value is estimated to be the amount payable at the reporting date. This is considered a Level 2 input. Junior subordinated debentures. The fair value was estimated by discounting approximate cash flows of the borrowings by yields estimating the fair value of similar issues. The valuation model considers current market spreads, known and anticipated credit issues of the underlying collateral, term and reinvestment period and market transactions of similar issues, if available. This is a Level 3 input under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these condensed consolidated financial statements since those dates and, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amount presented herein. |