Allowance for Loan Losses | 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Financing Receivables For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Land & Development Home Equity (1) Residential Real Estate Other (2) Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,761 $ 8,142 $ 1,058 $ 2,816 $ 3,029 $ 202 $ 18,008 Charge-offs (256 ) (425 ) — (454 ) (1,025 ) (265 ) (2,425 ) Recoveries 252 170 714 351 37 118 1,642 Net charge-offs (4 ) (255 ) 714 (103 ) (988 ) (147 ) (783 ) Provision for loan losses (604 ) (337 ) (1,168 ) (364 ) 607 182 (1,682 ) Ending balance $ 2,153 $ 7,550 $ 604 $ 2,349 $ 2,648 $ 237 $ 15,541 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,153 $ 7,550 $ 604 $ 2,349 $ 2,648 $ 237 $ 15,541 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 235,946 $ 974,010 $ 67,165 $ 119,481 $ 210,874 $ 2,442 $ 1,609,918 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 860 $ — $ 72 $ 2,084 $ 85 $ 3,101 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 235,946 $ 973,150 $ 67,165 $ 119,409 $ 208,790 $ 2,357 $ 1,606,817 (1) Amount includes both home equity lines of credit and term loans (2) Includes the unallocated portion of the allowance for loan losses. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Land & Development Home Equity (1) Residential Real Estate Other (2) Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 5,134 $ 9,615 $ 958 $ 3,256 $ 3,515 $ 768 $ 23,246 Charge-offs (375 ) (836 ) — (2,735 ) (2,810 ) (757 ) (7,513 ) Recoveries 3,417 440 351 366 819 162 5,555 Net charge-offs 3,042 (396 ) 351 (2,369 ) (1,991 ) (595 ) (1,958 ) Provision for loan losses (5,416 ) (1,077 ) (251 ) 1,929 1,505 30 (3,280 ) Ending balance $ 2,761 $ 8,142 $ 1,058 $ 2,816 $ 3,029 $ 202 $ 18,008 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,761 $ 8,142 $ 1,058 $ 2,816 $ 3,029 $ 202 $ 18,008 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 230,681 $ 853,892 $ 68,070 $ 142,784 $ 249,975 $ 3,107 $ 1,548,509 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 227 $ 731 $ — $ 88 $ 1,970 $ 101 $ 3,117 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 230,454 $ 853,161 $ 68,070 $ 142,696 $ 248,005 $ 3,006 $ 1,545,392 (1) Amount includes both home equity lines of credit and term loans (2) Includes the unallocated portion of the allowance for loan losses. For the Year Ended December 31, 2014 Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Land & Development Home Equity (1) Residential Real Estate Other (2) Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 12,061 $ 14,518 $ 1,249 $ 3,441 $ 2,898 $ 1,370 $ 35,537 Charge-offs (10,563 ) (9,205 ) (289 ) (4,568 ) (3,124 ) (3,331 ) (31,080 ) Recoveries 1,235 1,343 467 401 198 342 3,986 Net charge-offs (9,328 ) (7,862 ) 178 (4,167 ) (2,926 ) (2,989 ) (27,094 ) Provision for loan losses 2,401 2,959 (469 ) 3,982 3,543 2,387 14,803 Ending balance $ 5,134 $ 9,615 $ 958 $ 3,256 $ 3,515 $ 768 $ 23,246 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,134 $ 9,615 $ 958 $ 3,256 $ 3,513 $ 768 $ 23,246 Financing Receivables: Ending balance $ 242,494 $ 740,282 $ 70,156 $ 174,165 $ 276,993 $ 6,054 $ 1,510,144 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 149 $ 3,297 $ 138 $ 1,751 $ 4,759 $ 135 $ 10,229 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 242,345 $ 736,985 $ 70,018 $ 172,414 $ 272,234 $ 5,919 $ 1,499,915 (1) Amount includes both home equity lines of credit and term loans (2) Includes the unallocated portion of the allowance for loan losses. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Risk Characteristics Commercial and Industrial Loans. Many of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans have a real estate component as part of the collateral securing the loan. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily secured by assets of the business, such as accounts receivable and inventory. Due to the nature of the collateral securing these loans, the liquidation of these assets may be problematic and costly. Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate owner occupied loans rely on the cash flow from the successful operation of the borrower’s business to make repayment. If the operating company experiences difficulties in terms of sales volume and/or profitability, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans rely on the payment of rent by third party tenants. The borrower’s ability to repay the loan or sell the property may be impacted by loss of tenants, lower lease rates needed to attract new tenants or the inability to sell a completed project in a timely fashion and at a profit. Commercial real estate owner occupied and non-owner occupied loans are secured by the underlying properties. The local economy and real estate market affect the appraised value of these properties which may impact the ultimate repayment of these loans. Land and Development Loans. Land and development loans are primarily repaid by the sale of the developed properties or by conversion to a permanent term loan. These loans are dependent upon the completion of the project on time and within budget, which may be impacted by general economic conditions. The Company requires cash collateral in an interest reserve in order to extend credit on construction projects to mitigate the credit risk. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Home Equity Loans . This segment consists of both home equity lines of credit and home equity term loans on single family residences. These loans rely on the personal income of the borrower for repayment which may be impacted by economic conditions, such as unemployment levels, interest rates and the housing market. These loans are primarily secured by second liens on properties, which serve as the secondary source of repayment. The secondary source of repayment may be impaired by the real estate market and local regulations. The Company no longer originates home equity lines of credit or home equity term loans. Residential Real Estate Loans. Included in this segment are residential mortgages on single family residences. These loans rely on the personal income of the borrower for repayment which may be impacted by economic conditions, such as unemployment levels, interest rates and the housing market. These loans are primarily secured by a lien on the underlying property, which serves as the secondary source of repayment. The secondary source of repayment may be impaired by the real estate market and local regulations. The Company no longer originates residential real estate loans on single family residences. Other Loans . Other loans consist of personal credit lines, mobile home loans and consumer installment loans. These loans rely on the borrowers’ personal income for repayment and are either unsecured or secured by personal use assets and mobile homes. These loans may be impacted by economic conditions such as unemployment levels. The liquidation of the assets securing these loans may be difficult and costly. The allowance for loan losses was $15.5 million, $18.0 million and $23.2 million at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The ratio of allowance for loan losses to loans held-for-investment was 0.97%, 1.16% and 1.54% at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The provision for loan losses charged to expense is based upon historical loan loss experience, a series of qualitative factors, and an evaluation of estimated losses in the current commercial loan portfolio, including the evaluation of impaired loans under FASB ASC 310. Values assigned to the qualitative factors and those developed from historic loss experience provide a dynamic basis for the calculation of reserve factors for both pass-rated loans (general pooled allowance) and those criticized and classified loans that continue to perform. A loan is considered to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in amount of payments does not necessarily result in a loan being identified as impaired. For this purpose, delays less than 90 days are considered to be insignificant. Impairment losses are included in the provision for loan losses in the consolidated statements of operations. Impaired loans include accruing and non-accruing TDR loans. Loans not individually reviewed are evaluated as a group using reserve factor percentages based on historical loss and recovery experience and qualitative factors. Such loans generally include consumer loans, residential real estate loans, and small business loans. In determining the appropriate level of the general pooled allowance, management makes estimates based on internal risk ratings, which take into account such factors as debt service coverage, loan-to-value ratios, management’s abilities and external factors. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The following tables present the Company’s components of impaired loans, segregated by class of loans at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Commercial and consumer loans that were collectively evaluated for impairment are not included in the data that follows: Impaired Loans As of December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Accrued Interest Income Recognized Cash Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance: Commercial: CRE owner occupied $ 343 $ 514 $ — $ 377 $ — $ — CRE non owner occupied 517 520 — 523 — — Consumer: Residential real estate 2,084 2,422 — 2,193 — — Home Equity Term Loans 72 86 — 74 — — Other 85 89 — 85 — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial — — — — — — CRE owner occupied — — — — — — Consumer: Other — — — — — — Total commercial $ 860 $ 1,034 $ — $ 900 $ — $ — Total consumer $ 2,241 $ 2,597 $ — $ 2,352 $ — $ — 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Impaired Loans As of December 31, 2015 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Accrued Interest Income Recognized Cash Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 227 $ 721 $ — $ 231 $ 0 $ — CRE owner occupied 683 2,066 — 702 — — Consumer: Residential real estate 1,970 2,100 — 1,999 — — Home Equity Term Loans 88 96 — 91 — — Other 101 101 — 101 — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial — — — — — — CRE owner occupied — — — — — — Consumer: Other — — — — — — Total commercial $ 910 $ 2,787 $ — $ 933 $ 0 $ 0 Total consumer $ 2,159 $ 2,297 $ — $ 2,191 $ — $ — 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Impaired Loans As of December 31, 2014 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Accrued Interest Income Recognized Cash Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 147 $ 149 $ — $ 161 $ 19 $ — Commercial and industrial, held-for-sale 28 50 — 52 — — CRE owner occupied 3,297 4,499 — 3,875 — — CRE owner occupied, held-for-sale 32 74 — 136 — — CRE non-owner occupied, held-for-sale 229 352 — 53 — — Land and development 140 223 — 181 — — Consumer: Residential real estate 4,852 5,587 — 4,513 — 97 Residential real estate, held-for-sale 3,478 4,984 — 1,365 — — Home Equity Lines of Credit 405 456 — 420 — — Home Equity Lines of Credit, held-for-sale 619 903 — 1,282 — — Home Equity Term Loans 1,347 1,863 — 1,385 — — Home Equity Term Loans, held-for-sale 3,266 4,743 — 3,735 — — Other 150 348 — 138 — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial — — — — — — CRE owner occupied — — — — — — Consumer: Other — — — — — — Total commercial $ 3,873 $ 5,348 $ — $ 4,458 $ 19 $ 97 Total consumer $ 14,118 $ 18,884 $ — $ 12,836 $ — $ — In accordance with FASB ASC 310, those impaired loans for which the collateral is sufficient to support the outstanding principal do not result in a specific allowance for loan losses. Included in impaired loans at December 31, 2016 were fourteen TDRs totaling $3.8 million for which the collateral is sufficient to support the outstanding principal, four of which were in accruing status. In addition, there were no TDRs at December 31, 2016 that included a commitment to lend additional funds at December 31, 2016. There were eight TDR agreements entered into during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. There were eight TDR agreements entered into during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. There were no TDR agreements entered into during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. The following table presents an analysis of the Company’s TDR agreements entered into during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Troubled Debt Restructurings for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 Number Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Investment Commercial and industrial 2 $ 2,468 $ 2,468 CRE owner occupied 1 22 22 Residential real estate 5 906 913 Troubled Debt Restructurings for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 Number Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Investment Commercial and industrial 1 $ 11 $ 11 CRE owner occupied 2 205 205 Residential real estate 5 739 670 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The following tables present information regarding the types of concessions granted on loans that were restructured during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Troubled Debt Restructurings for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 Number of Contracts Concession Commercial and industrial 2 Rate reduction and principal repayment terms. CRE owner occupied 1 Principal repayment terms. Residential real estate 2 Principal repayment terms. Residential real estate 1 Forgiveness of debt Residential real estate 2 Rate reduction and principal repayment terms. Troubled Debt Restructurings for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 Number of Contracts Concession Granted Commercial and industrial 1 Modified principal repayment terms. CRE owner occupied 2 Modified principal repayment terms. Residential real estate 5 Rate reduction, modified principal repayment terms and debt forgiveness. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any TDR agreements that had subsequently defaulted that were entered into within the respective preceding twelve months. There were four TDRs in accrual status as of December 31, 2016. The following tables present the Company’s distribution of risk ratings loan portfolio, segregated by class, as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2016 Commercial Consumer Commercial and industrial CRE owner occupied CRE non- owner occupied Land and development Home equity lines of credit Home equity term Residential real estate Other Total Grade: Pass $ 233,907 $ 229,635 $ 742,146 $ 67,165 $ 110,377 $ 9,032 $ 208,460 $ 2,357 $ 1,603,079 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard 2,039 1,713 516 — — 72 2,414 85 6,839 Doubtful — — — — — — — — - Total $ 235,946 $ 231,348 $ 742,662 $ 67,165 $ 110,377 $ 9,104 $ 210,874 $ 2,442 $ 1,609,918 Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2015 Commercial Consumer Commercial and industrial CRE owner occupied CRE non- owner occupied Land and development Home equity lines of credit Home equity term Residential real estate Other Total Grade: Pass $ 227,220 $ 223,695 $ 625,700 $ 68,070 $ 130,401 $ 12,294 $ 247,002 $ 3,007 $ 1,537,389 Special Mention 2,926 2,273 — — — — — — 5,199 Substandard 535 2,223 — — — 89 2,973 101 5,921 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 230,681 $ 228,191 $ 625,700 $ 68,070 $ 130,401 $ 12,383 $ 249,975 $ 3,108 $ 1,548,509 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2014 Commercial Consumer Commercial and industrial CRE owner occupied CRE non- owner occupied Land and development Home equity lines of credit Home equity term Residential real estate Other Total Grade: Pass $ 235,985 $ 267,018 $ 451,921 $ 70,018 $ 155,084 $ 16,819 $ 272,044 $ 5,902 $ 1,474,791 Special Mention 6,304 6,669 — — — — — — 12,973 Substandard 205 4,964 9,710 138 1,842 420 4,949 152 22,380 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 242,494 $ 278,651 $ 461,631 $ 70,156 $ 156,926 $ 17,239 $ 276,993 $ 6,054 $ 1,510,144 The Company’s primary tool for assessing risk when evaluating a credit in terms of its underwriting, structure, documentation and eventual collectability is a risk rating system in which the loan is assigned a numeric value. Behind each numeric category is a defined set of characteristics reflective of the particular level of risk. The risk rating system is based on a fourteen point grade using a two-digit scale. The upper seven grades are for “pass” categories, the middle grade is for the “criticized” category, while the lower six grades represent “classified” categories which are equivalent to the guidelines utilized by the OCC. The portfolio manager is responsible for assigning, maintaining, and documenting accurate risk ratings for all commercial loans and commercial real estate loans. The portfolio manager assigns a risk rating at the inception of the loan and adjusts the rating based on the performance of the loan. As part of the loan review process, a regional credit officer will review risk ratings for accuracy. The portfolio manager’s risk rating will also be reviewed periodically by the loan review department and the Bank’s regulators. To calculate risk ratings in a consistent fashion, the Company uses a Risk Rating Methodology that assesses quantitative and qualitative components which include elements of the Company’s financial condition, abilities of management, position in the market, collateral and guarantor support and the impact of changing conditions. When combined with professional judgment, an overall risk rating is assigned. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The following tables present the Company’s analysis of past due loans, segregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: Aging of Receivables As of December 31, 2016 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Financing Receivables Loans 90 Days Due and Accruing Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 235,946 $ 235,946 $ — CRE owner occupied — — 269 269 231,079 231,348 — CRE non-owner occupied 331 — 185 516 742,146 742,662 — Land and development — — — — 67,165 67,165 — Consumer: Home equity lines of credit 367 — — 367 110,010 110,377 — Home equity term loans 121 — — 121 8,983 9,104 — Residential real estate 4,020 851 744 5,615 205,259 210,874 — Other 59 7 85 151 2,291 2,442 — Total $ 4,898 $ 858 $ 1,283 $ 7,039 $ 1,602,879 $ 1,609,918 $ — Aging of Receivables As of December 31, 2015 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Financing Receivables Loans 90 Days Due and Accruing Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 1 $ 1 $ 228 $ 230 $ 230,451 $ 230,681 $ — CRE owner occupied 736 35 622 1,393 226,798 228,191 — CRE non-owner occupied — — — — 625,700 625,700 — Land and development — — — — 68,070 68,070 — Consumer: Home equity lines of credit 136 31 — 167 130,234 130,401 — Home equity term loans 14 — — 14 12,369 12,383 — Residential real estate 3,504 1,623 911 6,038 243,937 249,975 — Other 15 3 101 119 2,989 3,108 — Total $ 4,406 $ 1,693 $ 1,862 $ 7,961 $ 1,540,548 $ 1,548,509 $ — Aging of Receivables As of December 31, 2014 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Financing Receivables Loans 90 Days Due and Accruing Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 4,212 $ 105 $ 151 $ 4,468 $ 238,026 $ 242,494 $ — CRE owner occupied 1,685 23 1,321 3,029 275,622 278,651 — CRE non-owner occupied 2,786 166 — 2,952 458,679 461,631 — Land and development — — 140 140 70,016 70,156 — Consumer: Home equity lines of credit 2,001 903 796 3,700 153,226 156,926 — Home equity term loans 254 188 147 589 16,650 17,239 — Residential real estate 4,183 670 3,719 8,572 268,421 276,993 — Other 45 12 136 193 5,861 6,054 — Total $ 15,166 $ 2,069 $ 6,411 $ 23,643 $ 1,486,501 $ 1,510,144 $ — |