Allowance for Loan Loss | Allowance for Loan Losses Allowance for probable loan losses methodology On a quarterly basis, management prepares an estimate of the allowance necessary to cover estimated probable credit losses. The Company uses a systematic methodology to measure the amount of estimated loan loss exposure inherent in the portfolio for purposes of establishing a sufficient allowance for loan losses. The methodology makes use of specific reserves for loans individually evaluated and deemed impaired, and general reserves for larger groups of homogeneous loans, which are collectively evaluated relying on a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors that may affect credit quality of the pool. There have been no material changes to the Company's underwriting practices, credit risk management system, or to the allowance assessment methodology used to estimate loan loss exposure as reported in the 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to Note 4, "Allowance for Loan Losses," to the Company's consolidated financial statements contained in the 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of management's methodology used to estimate a sufficient allowance for loan losses, the credit risk management function and adversely classified loan rating system. The balances of loans as of March 31, 2018 by portfolio classification and evaluation method are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 13,686 $ 1,241,019 $ 1,254,705 Commercial and industrial 11,148 492,509 503,657 Commercial construction 1,670 227,127 228,797 Residential mortgages 715 198,041 198,756 Home equity loans and lines 505 96,026 96,531 Consumer 23 10,126 10,149 Total gross loans $ 27,747 $ 2,264,848 $ 2,292,595 The balances of loans as of December 31, 2017 by portfolio classification and evaluation method are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 13,739 $ 1,187,612 $ 1,201,351 Commercial and industrial 10,096 488,706 498,802 Commercial construction 1,624 273,281 274,905 Residential mortgages 397 195,095 195,492 Home equity loans and lines 371 91,335 91,706 Consumer 35 10,258 10,293 Total gross loans $ 26,262 $ 2,246,287 $ 2,272,549 See "Financial Condition," in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis," under the headings "Credit Risk" and "Allowance for Loan Losses" in this Form 10-Q for additional information about changes in the Company's Credit quality indicators since December 31, 2017 . Credit quality indicators Early detection of credit issues is critical to minimize credit losses. Accordingly, management regularly monitors internal credit quality indicators such as, among others, the risk classification of adversely classified loans, past due and non-accrual loans, impaired and restructured loans, and the level of foreclosure activity. These credit quality indicators are discussed below. Adversely classified loans The Company's loan risk rating system classifies loans depending on risk of loss characteristics. The classifications range from "substantially risk free" for the highest quality loans and loans that are secured by cash collateral, through a satisfactory range of "minimal," "moderate," "better than average," and "average" risk, to the regulatory problem-asset classifications of "criticized," for loans that may need additional monitoring, and the more severe adverse classifications of "substandard," "doubtful," and "loss" based on criteria established under banking regulations. Loans which are evaluated to be of weaker credit quality are placed on the "watch credit list" and reviewed on a more frequent basis by management. Adversely classified loans may be accruing or in non-accrual status and may be additionally designated as impaired or restructured, or some combination thereof. The following tables present the Company's credit risk profile for each portfolio classification by internally assigned adverse risk rating category as of the periods indicated. March 31, 2018 Adversely Classified Not Adversely (Dollars in thousands) Substandard Doubtful Loss Classified Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 13,117 $ — $ — $ 1,241,588 $ 1,254,705 Commercial and industrial 10,137 46 1 493,473 503,657 Commercial construction 1,670 — — 227,127 228,797 Residential mortgages 1,663 — — 197,093 198,756 Home equity loans and lines 555 — — 95,976 96,531 Consumer 40 9 — 10,100 10,149 Total gross loans $ 27,182 $ 55 $ 1 $ 2,265,357 $ 2,292,595 December 31, 2017 Adversely Classified Not Adversely (Dollars in thousands) Substandard Doubtful Loss Classified Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 12,895 $ — $ — $ 1,188,456 $ 1,201,351 Commercial and industrial 9,915 48 1 488,838 498,802 Commercial construction 1,624 — — 273,281 274,905 Residential mortgages 1,355 — — 194,137 195,492 Home equity loans and lines 513 — — 91,193 91,706 Consumer 52 10 — 10,231 10,293 Total gross loans $ 26,354 $ 58 $ 1 $ 2,246,136 $ 2,272,549 Total adversely classified loans amounted to 1.19% of total loans at March 31, 2018 , as compared to 1.16% at December 31, 2017 . Past due and non-accrual loans The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated: Balance at March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Past Due 90 days or more Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Gross Loans Non-accrual Loans Commercial real estate $ 6,405 $ 1,428 $ 3,574 $ 11,407 $ 1,243,298 $ 1,254,705 $ 6,485 Commercial and industrial 969 894 1,458 3,321 500,336 503,657 2,771 Commercial construction 234 — — 234 228,563 228,797 192 Residential mortgages 1,209 92 88 1,389 197,367 198,756 582 Home equity loans and lines 189 126 131 446 96,085 96,531 505 Consumer 49 10 — 59 10,090 10,149 23 Total gross loans $ 9,055 $ 2,550 $ 5,251 $ 16,856 $ 2,275,739 $ 2,292,595 $ 10,558 Balance at December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Past Due 90 days or more Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Gross Loans Non-accrual Loans Commercial real estate $ 4,200 $ 69 $ 3,569 $ 7,838 $ 1,193,513 $ 1,201,351 $ 6,751 Commercial and industrial 374 527 327 1,228 497,574 498,802 1,294 Commercial construction 2,526 518 — 3,044 271,861 274,905 193 Residential mortgages 1,931 93 89 2,113 193,379 195,492 262 Home equity loans and lines 491 120 12 623 91,083 91,706 463 Consumer 51 5 45 101 10,192 10,293 69 Total gross loans $ 9,573 $ 1,332 $ 4,042 $ 14,947 $ 2,257,602 $ 2,272,549 $ 9,032 At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , all loans past due 90 days or more were carried as non-accrual, in addition to those loans less than 90 days past due where reasonable doubt existed as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal that have also been designated as non-accrual, despite their payment due status shown in the tables above. Non-accrual loans that were not adversely classified amounted to $224 thousand at March 31, 2018 and $21 thousand at December 31, 2017 . These balances primarily represented the guaranteed portions of non-performing SBA loans. The majority of the non-accrual loan balances were also carried as impaired loans during the periods noted, and are discussed further below. The ratio of non-accrual loans to total loans amounted to 0.46% at March 31, 2018 , and 0.40% at December 31, 2017 . At March 31, 2018 , additional funding commitments for non-accrual loans was not material. Impaired loans Impaired loans are individually significant loans for which management considers it probable that not all amounts due (principal and interest) will be collected in accordance with the original contractual terms. Impaired loans include loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), see "Troubled debt restructurings" below. Impaired loans are individually evaluated for credit loss and a specific allowance reserve is assigned for the amount of the estimated probable credit loss. The carrying value of impaired loans amounted to $27.7 million and $26.3 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Total accruing impaired loans amounted to $17.2 million and $17.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, while non-accrual impaired loans amounted to $10.6 million and $8.9 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. The following tables set forth the recorded investment in impaired loans and the related specific allowance allocated by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated: Balance at March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid contractual principal balance Total recorded investment in impaired loans Recorded investment with no allowance Recorded investment with allowance Related specific allowance Commercial real estate $ 14,994 $ 13,686 $ 13,159 $ 527 $ 52 Commercial and industrial 11,550 11,148 6,530 4,618 2,776 Commercial construction 1,726 1,670 1,670 — — Residential mortgages 835 715 581 134 4 Home equity loans and lines 714 505 505 — — Consumer 23 23 — 23 22 Total $ 29,842 $ 27,747 $ 22,445 $ 5,302 $ 2,854 Balance at December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid contractual principal balance Total recorded investment in impaired loans Recorded investment with no allowance Recorded investment with allowance Related specific allowance Commercial real estate $ 15,132 $ 13,739 $ 12,850 $ 889 $ 59 Commercial and industrial 10,458 10,096 7,053 3,043 1,284 Commercial construction 1,678 1,624 1,624 — — Residential mortgages 511 397 262 135 5 Home equity loans and lines 543 371 371 — — Consumer 36 35 — 35 35 Total $ 28,358 $ 26,262 $ 22,160 $ 4,102 $ 1,383 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans by portfolio classification and the related interest recognized during the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Average recorded investment Interest income (loss) recognized Average recorded investment Interest income (loss) recognized Commercial real estate $ 13,715 $ 94 $ 13,378 $ 101 Commercial and industrial 10,647 77 12,878 105 Commercial construction 1,636 22 2,412 27 Residential mortgages 614 (1 ) 287 — Home equity loans and lines 475 — 539 (2 ) Consumer 32 — 13 — Total $ 27,119 $ 192 $ 29,507 $ 231 At March 31, 2018 , additional funding commitments for impaired loans was not material. The Company's obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower's compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company's discretion. Troubled debt restructurings Loans are designated as a TDR when, as part of an agreement to modify the original contractual terms of the loan as a result of financial difficulties of the borrower, the Bank grants the borrower a concession on the terms that would not otherwise be considered. Typically, such concessions may consist of one or a combination of the following: a reduction in interest rate to a below market rate, taking into account the credit quality of the note; extension of additional credit based on receipt of adequate collateral; or a deferment or reduction of payments (principal or interest) which materially alters the Bank's position or significantly extends the note's maturity date, such that the present value of cash flows to be received is materially less than those contractually established at the loan's origination. All loans that are modified are reviewed by the Company to identify if a TDR has occurred. TDR loans are included in the impaired loan category and, as such, these loans are individually reviewed and evaluated and a specific reserve is assigned for the amount of the estimated probable credit loss. Total TDR loans, included in the impaired loan balances above, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , were $20.6 million and $20.3 million , respectively. TDR loans on accrual status amounted to $17.2 million and $17.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. TDR loans included in non-performing loans amounted to $3.4 million and $2.9 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. The Company continues to work with customers, particularly commercial relationships, and enters into loan modifications (which may or may not be TDRs) to the extent deemed to be necessary or appropriate while attempting to achieve the best mutual outcome given the individual financial circumstances and future prospects of the borrower. At March 31, 2018 , additional funding commitments for TDR loans was not material. The Company's obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on TDR loans is generally contingent on the borrower's compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company's discretion. The following table sets forth the post modification balances of TDRs listed by type of modification for TDRs that occurred during the periods indicated. Three months ended March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of restructurings Amount Number of restructurings Amount Extended maturity date — — 2 3,063 Temporary payment reduction and payment re-amortization of remaining principal over extended term 2 139 1 374 Temporary interest only payment plan 2 132 1 94 Total 4 $ 271 4 $ 3,531 Amount of specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs listed above $ 120 $ — Loans modified as TDRs during the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 by portfolio classification are detailed below. Three months ended March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of restructurings Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Number of restructurings Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Commercial real estate 2 $ 131 $ 132 1 $ 375 $ 374 Commercial and industrial 2 142 139 2 2,952 2,952 Commercial construction — — — 1 206 205 Residential mortgages — — — — — — Home equity loans and lines — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Total 4 $ 273 $ 271 4 $ 3,533 $ 3,531 There were no subsequent charge-offs associated with the new TDRs noted in the table above during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017 . For the three month period ended March 31, 2018 , there were no payment defaults on loans modified as TDRs within the preceding twelve months. Payment defaults by portfolio classification, during the three month period ended March 31, 2017 on loans modified as TDRs within the preceding twelve months are detailed below. Three months ended March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of TDRs that defaulted Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 956 Commercial and industrial 1 231 Commercial construction — — Residential mortgages — — Home equity loans and lines — — Consumer — — Total 4 $ 1,187 Other real estate owned ( " OREO " ) The Company carried no OREO at March 31, 2018 , December 31, 2017 or March 31, 2017 . There were no additions, sales or write downs on OREO during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017 . At March 31, 2018 , the Company had consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdictions with carrying amounts totaling $234 thousand compared with $101 thousand at December 31, 2017 . Allowance for loan loss activity The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses, a direct charge to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the loan principal is unlikely. Recoveries on loans previously charged-off are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses amounted to $34.5 million at March 31, 2018 , compared to $32.9 million at December 31, 2017 , and $31.7 million at March 31, 2017 . For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 , the provision for loan losses amounted to $1.6 million and $125 thousand , respectively. The primary factor in the increase in the provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year was an increase in the balance of the allowance for loan losses allocated to impaired and classified loans of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 , compared to a decrease of $390 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . The allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio was 1.51% at March 31, 2018 , 1.45% at December 31, 2017 and 1.53% at March 31, 2017 . Based on management's judgment as to the existing credit risks inherent in the loan portfolio, as discussed above under the heading "Credit Quality Indicators," management believes that the Company's allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb probable losses from specifically known and other probable credit risks associated with the portfolio as of March 31, 2018 . Changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio classification for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are presented below: (Dollars in thousands) Cmml Real Estate Cmml and Industrial Cmml Constr Resid. Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Total Beginning Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 17,545 $ 9,669 $ 3,947 $ 904 $ 608 $ 242 $ 32,915 Provision 755 1,435 (664 ) 10 20 44 1,600 Recoveries — 108 — — 1 5 114 Less: Charge offs — 41 — — — 64 105 Ending Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 18,300 $ 11,171 $ 3,283 $ 914 $ 629 $ 227 $ 34,524 Ending allowance balance: Allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 52 $ 2,776 $ — $ 4 $ — $ 22 $ 2,854 Allocated to loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 18,248 $ 8,395 $ 3,283 $ 910 $ 629 $ 205 $ 31,670 Changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio classification for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are presented below: (Dollars in thousands) Cmml Real Estate Cmml and Industrial Cmml Constr Resid. Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Total Beginning Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 14,902 $ 11,204 $ 3,406 $ 960 $ 634 $ 236 $ 31,342 Provision 316 (195 ) (42 ) 18 — 28 125 Recoveries 76 272 — — 1 3 352 Less: Charge offs — 103 — — — 33 136 Ending Balance at March 31, 2017 $ 15,294 $ 11,178 $ 3,364 $ 978 $ 635 $ 234 $ 31,683 Ending allowance balance: Allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 409 $ 1,928 $ 23 $ — $ — $ 14 $ 2,374 Allocated to loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 14,885 $ 9,250 $ 3,341 $ 978 $ 635 $ 220 $ 29,309 |