Allowance for Loan Loss | Allowance for Loan Losses Allowance for probable loan losses methodology On a quarterly basis, management prepares an estimate of the allowance necessary to cover estimated probable credit losses. The Company uses a systematic methodology to measure the amount of estimated loan loss exposure inherent in the portfolio for purposes of establishing a sufficient allowance for loan losses. The methodology makes use of specific reserves for loans individually evaluated and deemed impaired, and general reserves for larger pools of homogeneous loans, which are collectively evaluated relying on a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors that may affect credit quality of the pool. There have been no material changes to the Company's underwriting practices, credit risk management system, or to the allowance assessment methodology used to estimate loan loss exposure as reported in Note 4, "Allowance for Loan Losses," to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contained in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, The balances of loans as of March 31, 2019 by portfolio classification and evaluation method are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 15,622 $ 1,276,425 $ 1,292,047 Commercial and industrial 11,643 498,090 509,733 Commercial construction 1,732 243,246 244,978 Residential mortgages 883 232,246 233,129 Home equity loans and lines 502 97,296 97,798 Consumer 15 9,882 9,897 Total gross loans $ 30,397 $ 2,357,185 $ 2,387,582 The balances of loans as of December 31, 2018 by portfolio classification and evaluation method are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 16,318 $ 1,287,561 $ 1,303,879 Commercial and industrial 12,053 502,200 514,253 Commercial construction 1,736 232,694 234,430 Residential mortgages 893 230,608 231,501 Home equity loans and lines 514 95,602 96,116 Consumer 16 10,225 10,241 Total gross loans $ 31,530 $ 2,358,890 $ 2,390,420 See "Financial Condition" in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis," under the headings "Credit Risk" and "Allowance for Loan Losses" in this Form 10-Q for additional information about changes in the Company's credit quality indicators since December 31, 2018 . Credit quality indicators Early detection of credit issues is critical to minimize credit losses. Accordingly, management regularly monitors internal credit quality indicators such as, among others, the risk classification of adversely classified loans, past due and non-accrual loans, impaired and restructured loans, and the level of foreclosure activity. These credit quality indicators are discussed below. Adversely classified loans The Company's loan risk rating system classifies loans depending on risk of loss characteristics. The classifications range from "substantially risk free" for the highest quality loans and loans that are secured by cash collateral, through a satisfactory range of "minimal," "moderate," "better than average," and "average" risk, to the regulatory problem-asset classifications of "criticized," for loans that may need additional monitoring, and the more severe adverse classifications of "substandard," "doubtful," and "loss" based on criteria established under banking regulations. Loans which are evaluated to be of weaker credit quality are placed on the "watch credit list" and reviewed on a more frequent basis by management. Adversely classified loans may be accruing or in non-accrual status and may be additionally designated as impaired or restructured, or some combination thereof. The following tables present the Company's credit risk profile for each portfolio classification by internally assigned adverse risk rating category as of the periods indicated: March 31, 2019 Adversely Classified Not Adversely (Dollars in thousands) Substandard Doubtful Loss Classified Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 17,323 $ — $ — $ 1,274,724 $ 1,292,047 Commercial and industrial 12,642 38 — 497,053 509,733 Commercial construction 2,254 — — 242,724 244,978 Residential mortgages 1,802 — — 231,327 233,129 Home equity loans and lines 549 — — 97,249 97,798 Consumer 33 8 — 9,856 9,897 Total gross loans $ 34,603 $ 46 $ — $ 2,352,933 $ 2,387,582 December 31, 2018 Adversely Classified Not Adversely (Dollars in thousands) Substandard Doubtful Loss Classified Gross Loans Commercial real estate $ 17,714 $ 240 $ — $ 1,285,925 $ 1,303,879 Commercial and industrial 12,821 — — 501,432 514,253 Commercial construction 2,262 — — 232,168 234,430 Residential mortgages 1,820 — — 229,681 231,501 Home equity loans and lines 561 — — 95,555 96,116 Consumer 35 8 — 10,198 10,241 Total gross loans $ 35,213 $ 248 $ — $ 2,354,959 $ 2,390,420 Total adversely classified loans amounted to 1.45% of total loans at March 31, 2019 , as compared to 1.49% at December 31, 2018 . Past due and non-accrual loans The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated: Balance at March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Past Due 90 days or more Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Gross Loans Non-accrual Loans Commercial real estate $ 7,650 $ — $ 3,247 $ 10,897 $ 1,281,150 $ 1,292,047 $ 6,668 Commercial and industrial 1,939 121 1,774 3,834 505,899 509,733 2,936 Commercial construction 1,769 — 174 1,943 243,035 244,978 174 Residential mortgages 1,182 — 289 1,471 231,658 233,129 754 Home equity loans and lines 97 — 92 189 97,609 97,798 502 Consumer 38 — 2 40 9,857 9,897 15 Total gross loans $ 12,675 $ 121 $ 5,578 $ 18,374 $ 2,369,208 $ 2,387,582 $ 11,049 Balance at December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Past Due 90 days or more Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Gross Loans Non-accrual Loans Commercial real estate $ 7,596 $ 21 $ 3,821 $ 11,438 $ 1,292,441 $ 1,303,879 $ 6,894 Commercial and industrial 619 17 2,299 2,935 511,318 514,253 3,417 Commercial construction 4,319 — — 4,319 230,111 234,430 176 Residential mortgages 114 — 377 491 231,010 231,501 763 Home equity loans and lines 14 168 209 391 95,725 96,116 514 Consumer 23 31 6 60 10,181 10,241 20 Total gross loans $ 12,685 $ 237 $ 6,712 $ 19,634 $ 2,370,786 $ 2,390,420 $ 11,784 At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , all loans past due 90 days or more were carried as non-accrual, in addition to those loans less than 90 days past due where reasonable doubt existed as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal that have also been designated as non-accrual, despite their payment due status shown in the tables above. Non-accrual loans that were not adversely classified amounted to $80 thousand at March 31, 2019 and $81 thousand at December 31, 2018 . These balances primarily represented the guaranteed portions of non-performing SBA loans. The majority of the non-accrual loan balances were also carried as impaired loans during the periods noted and are discussed further below. The ratio of non-accrual loans to total loans amounted to 0.46% at March 31, 2019 and 0.49% at December 31, 2018 . At March 31, 2019 , additional funding commitments for non-accrual loans were not material. Impaired loans Impaired loans are individually significant loans for which management considers it probable that not all amounts due (principal and interest) will be collected in accordance with the original contractual terms. Impaired loans include loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), see "Troubled debt restructurings" below. Impaired loans are individually evaluated and exclude large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, which are collectively evaluated for impairment, and loans that are measured at fair value, unless the loan is amended in a TDR. The carrying value of impaired loans amounted to $30.4 million and $31.5 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Total accruing impaired loans amounted to $19.3 million and $19.7 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, while non-accrual impaired loans amounted to $11.0 million and $11.8 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The following tables set forth the recorded investment in impaired loans and the related specific allowance allocated by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated: Balance at March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid contractual principal balance Total recorded investment in impaired loans Recorded investment with no allowance Recorded investment with allowance Related specific allowance Commercial real estate $ 16,491 $ 15,622 $ 15,454 $ 168 $ 6 Commercial and industrial 12,147 11,643 7,522 4,121 2,112 Commercial construction 1,802 1,732 1,732 — — Residential mortgages 967 883 464 419 12 Home equity loans and lines 679 502 502 — — Consumer 15 15 — 15 14 Total $ 32,101 $ 30,397 $ 25,674 $ 4,723 $ 2,144 Balance at December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid contractual principal balance Total recorded investment in impaired loans Recorded investment with no allowance Recorded investment with allowance Related specific allowance Commercial real estate $ 17,140 $ 16,318 $ 15,948 $ 370 $ 55 Commercial and industrial 12,538 12,053 7,752 4,301 2,140 Commercial construction 1,804 1,736 1,736 — — Residential mortgages 970 893 473 420 13 Home equity loans and lines 685 514 514 — — Consumer 16 16 — 16 16 Total $ 33,153 $ 31,530 $ 26,423 $ 5,107 $ 2,224 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans by portfolio classification and the related interest recognized during the three months indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Commercial real estate $ 15,803 $ 120 $ 13,715 $ 94 Commercial and industrial 11,919 115 10,647 77 Commercial construction 1,734 25 1,636 22 Residential mortgages 890 1 614 (1 ) Home equity loans and lines 507 — 475 — Consumer 19 — 32 — Total $ 30,872 $ 261 $ 27,119 $ 192 At March 31, 2019 , additional funding commitments for impaired loans was not material. The Company's obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower's compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company's discretion. Troubled debt restructurings Loans are designated as a TDR when, as part of an agreement to modify the original contractual terms of the loan as a result of financial difficulties of the borrower, the Bank grants the borrower a concession on the terms, that would not otherwise be considered. Typically, such concessions may consist of one or a combination of the following: a reduction in interest rate to a below market rate, taking into account the credit quality of the note; extension of additional credit based on receipt of adequate collateral; or a deferment or reduction of payments (principal or interest) which materially alters the Bank's position or significantly extends the note's maturity date, such that the present value of cash flows to be received is materially less than those contractually established at the loan's origination. All loans that are modified are reviewed by the Company to identify if a TDR has occurred. TDR loans are included in the impaired loan category and, as such, these loans are individually reviewed and evaluated, and a specific reserve is assigned for the amount of the estimated probable credit loss. Total TDR loans, included in the impaired loan balances above, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , were $23.5 million and $23.1 million , respectively. TDR loans on accrual status amounted to $19.3 million and $19.4 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. TDR loans included in non-performing loans amounted to $4.2 million at March 31, 2019 and $3.7 million at December 31, 2018 . The Company continues to work with customers and enters into loan modifications (which may or may not be TDRs) to the extent deemed to be necessary or appropriate while attempting to achieve the best mutual outcome given the individual financial circumstances and future prospects of the borrower. At March 31, 2019 , additional funding commitments for TDR loans were not material. The Company's obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on TDR loans is generally contingent on the borrower's compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company's discretion. The following table sets forth the post modification balances of TDRs listed by type of modification for TDRs that occurred during the periods indicated: Three months ended March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Number of restructurings Amount Number of restructurings Amount Temporary payment reduction and payment re-amortization of remaining principal over extended term 6 $ 607 2 $ 139 Temporary interest only payment plan — — 2 132 Other payment concessions 1 314 — — Total 7 $ 921 4 $ 271 Amount of specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs listed above $ 91 $ 120 Loans modified as TDRs during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 by portfolio classification are detailed below: Three months ended March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Number of restructurings Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Number of restructurings Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Commercial real estate 1 $ 421 $ 415 2 $ 131 $ 132 Commercial and industrial 5 194 192 2 142 139 Commercial construction — — — — — — Residential mortgages 1 315 314 — — — Home equity loans and lines — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Total 7 $ 930 $ 921 4 $ 273 $ 271 There were no subsequent charge-offs associated with the new TDRs noted in the table above during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018 . Payment defaults by portfolio classification during the three month period ended March 31, 2019 on loans modified as TDRs within the preceding twelve months are detailed below: Three months ended March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Number of TDRs that defaulted Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Commercial real estate — $ — Commercial and industrial 2 174 Commercial construction — — Residential mortgages — — Home equity loans and lines — — Consumer — — Total 2 $ 174 For the three months ended March 31, 2018 , there were no payment defaults on loans modified as TDRs within the preceding twelve months. Other real estate owned ( " OREO " ) Real estate acquired by the Company through foreclosure proceedings or the acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO. When property is acquired, it is recorded at estimated fair value of the property acquired, less estimated costs to sell, establishing a new cost basis and carried on the consolidated balance sheet in the line item "Prepaid expenses and other assets". The estimated fair value is based on market appraisals and the Company’s internal analysis. Any loan balance in excess of the estimated realizable fair value on the date of transfer is charged to the allowance for loan losses on that date. All costs incurred thereafter in maintaining the property, as well as subsequent declines in fair value are charged to non-interest expense. The carrying value of OREO at March 31, 2019 was $255 thousand and consisted of one property added during the three months ended March 31, 2019 , compared to no OREO at December 31, 2018 or March 31, 2018 . There were no OREO sales or write downs of OREO during the three months ended March 31, 2019 . During the three months ended March 31, 2018 , there were no additions, sales or write downs on OREO. At both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdictions. Allowance for loan loss activity The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of probable credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio as of the specified balance sheet dates. On a quarterly basis, management prepares an estimate of the allowance necessary to cover estimated probable credit losses. The Company maintains the allowance at a level that it deems adequate to absorb all reasonably anticipated probable losses from specifically known and other credit risks associated with the portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses, a direct charge to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the loan principal is unlikely. Recoveries on loans previously charged-off are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses amounted to $33.7 million at March 31, 2019 , compared to $33.8 million at December 31, 2018 , and $34.5 million at March 31, 2018 . The allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio was 1.41% at March 31, 2019 , 1.42% at December 31, 2018 and 1.51% at March 31, 2018 . Based on management's judgment as to the existing credit risks inherent in the loan portfolio, as discussed above under the heading "Credit Quality Indicators," management believes that the Company's allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb probable losses from specifically known and other probable credit risks associated with the portfolio as of March 31, 2019 . Changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio classification for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are presented below: (Dollars in thousands) Cmml Real Estate Cmml and Industrial Cmml Constr Resid. Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Total Beginning Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 18,014 $ 10,493 $ 3,307 $ 1,160 $ 629 $ 246 $ 33,849 Provision (188 ) (406 ) 145 24 (4 ) 29 (400 ) Recoveries — 316 — — 2 5 323 Less: Charge offs — — — — — 43 43 Ending Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 17,826 $ 10,403 $ 3,452 $ 1,184 $ 627 $ 237 $ 33,729 Ending allowance balance: Allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 6 $ 2,112 $ — $ 12 $ — $ 14 $ 2,144 Allocated to loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 17,820 $ 8,291 $ 3,452 $ 1,172 $ 627 $ 223 $ 31,585 Changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio classification for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are presented below: (Dollars in thousands) Cmml Real Estate Cmml and Industrial Cmml Constr Resid. Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Total Beginning Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 17,545 $ 9,669 $ 3,947 $ 904 $ 608 $ 242 $ 32,915 Provision 755 1,435 (664 ) 10 20 44 1,600 Recoveries — 108 — — 1 5 114 Less: Charge offs — 41 — — — 64 105 Ending Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 18,300 $ 11,171 $ 3,283 $ 914 $ 629 $ 227 $ 34,524 Ending allowance balance: Allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 52 $ 2,776 $ — $ 4 $ — $ 22 $ 2,854 Allocated to loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 18,248 $ 8,395 $ 3,283 $ 910 $ 629 $ 205 $ 31,670 |