Employee Benefit Plans | 15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS Defined Contribution Pension Plan The Company sponsors a defined contribution 401(k) plan, under which salaried and certain hourly employees may defer a portion of their compensation. Eligible participants may contribute to the plan up to the allowable amount as determined by the plan of their regular compensation before taxes. The Company generally matches contributions at a rate of 75 % of the first 6 % of compensation contributed by the participant. All contributions and Company matched contributions are invested at the direction of the employee in one or more investment options offered under the plan. Company matching contributions vest immediately and aggregated to $ 9,143 , $ 9,329 , and $ 2,998 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans The Company sponsors several defined benefit pension plans covering some of its employees. Most employees are ineligible to participate in the plans or have ceased to accrue additional benefits under the plans based upon their service to the Company or years of service accrued under the defined benefit pension plans. Benefits under the defined benefit plans are based on years of service and, for most non-represented employees, on average compensation for certain years. It is the Company's policy to fund at least the minimum amount required for all qualified plans, using actuarial cost methods and assumptions acceptable under applicable government regulations, by making payments into a separate trust. The Company has in the past contributed and may in the future contribute shares of its common stock to this separate trust which would reduce the cash contribution required by the Company. In addition to the defined benefit pension plans, the Company provides other postretirement benefits ("OPEB") in the form of certain healthcare benefits for eligible retired employees. Such benefits are unfunded as of March 31, 2024. No active employees are eligible for these benefits. The vast majority of eligible retirees receive a fixed-dollar benefit they can use to purchase healthcare services. A small number of eligible retirees receive traditional retiree medical benefits for which the Company pays all premiums. All retirees who are eligible for these traditional benefits are Medicare-eligible. Current plan documents reserve the right to amend or terminate the plans at any time, subject to applicable collective bargaining requirements for represented employees. In accordance with the Compensation – Retirement Benefits topic of ASC 715, the Company has recognized the funded status of the benefit obligation as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of the plans' assets and the pension benefit obligation or accumulated postretirement benefit obligation of the plan. The majority of the plan assets are publicly traded investments, which were valued based on the market price as of the measurement date. Investments that are not publicly traded were valued based on the estimated fair value of those investments based on the Company’s evaluation of data from fund managers and comparable market data or using the net asset value as a practical expedient. The following tables set forth the Company's consolidated defined benefit pension plans for its union and non-union employees as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2024 and 2023. Company contributions include amounts contributed directly to plan assets and indirectly as benefits paid from the Company's assets. Benefit payments reflect the total benefits paid from the plans and the Company's assets. Information on the plans includes both the domestic qualified and nonqualified plans and the foreign qualified plans. Pension Benefits Year ended March 31, 2024 2023 Change in projected benefit obligations Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 1,660,423 $ 1,946,201 Service cost 408 638 Interest cost 80,492 65,069 Actuarial gain ( 34,360 ) ( 185,210 ) Participant contributions 117 115 Benefits paid ( 149,891 ) ( 163,614 ) Currency translation adjustment 591 ( 2,776 ) Projected benefit obligation at end of year $ 1,557,780 $ 1,660,423 Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year $ 1,557,533 $ 1,659,607 Assumptions used to determine benefit Discount rate 5.09 - 5.38 % 5.09 - 5.19 % Rate of compensation increase 3.93 % 3.92 % Pension Benefits Year ended March 31, 2024 2023 Change in fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 1,306,456 $ 1,649,241 Actual return on plan assets 82,565 ( 177,419 ) Participant contributions 117 115 Company contributions 40,239 1,100 Benefits paid ( 149,890 ) ( 163,615 ) Currency translation adjustment 704 ( 2,966 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 1,280,191 $ 1,306,456 Funded status (underfunded) Funded status $ ( 277,589 ) $ ( 353,967 ) Reconciliation of amounts recognized on the Pension asset—noncurrent $ 5,953 $ 5,124 Accrued benefit liability—current ( 757 ) ( 768 ) Accrued benefit liability—noncurrent ( 282,785 ) ( 358,323 ) Net amount recognized $ ( 277,589 ) $ ( 353,967 ) Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Year ended March 31, Year ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Reconciliation of amounts recognized in Prior service costs (credits) $ 1,254 $ 1,356 $ ( 38,795 ) $ ( 43,900 ) Actuarial losses (gains) 714,855 756,664 ( 41,678 ) ( 45,347 ) Income tax (benefits) expenses related to above items ( 204,132 ) ( 204,132 ) 42,016 42,016 Unamortized benefit plan costs (gains) $ 511,977 $ 553,888 $ ( 38,457 ) $ ( 47,231 ) The components of net periodic benefit cost for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, are as follows: Pension Benefits Year Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2022 Components of net periodic pension Service cost $ 408 $ 638 $ 745 Interest cost 80,492 65,069 46,891 Expected return on plan assets ( 105,039 ) ( 121,195 ) ( 133,540 ) Amortization of prior service cost 102 102 260 Amortization of net loss 30,099 30,859 38,407 Curtailment loss — — 16,024 Settlements — — 35,927 Special termination benefits — — 54 Total net periodic benefit expense (income) $ 6,062 $ ( 24,527 ) $ 4,768 Assumptions used to determine net Discount rate 5.09 - 5.19 % 2.66 % - 3.93 % 1.75 % - 3.47 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.75 - 8.00 % 5.75 - 8.00 % 1.41 - 8.00 % Rate of compensation increase 3.92 % 3.50 - 4.22 % 2.80 - 3.50 % The Company recognized net periodic benefit income from its OPEB plan of approximately $ 8,934 , $ 9,163 , and $ 9,396 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The discount rate is determined annually as of each measurement date, based on a review of yield rates associated with long-term, high-quality corporate bonds. At the end of each year, the discount rate is primarily determined using the results of bond yield curve models based on a portfolio of high-quality bonds matching notional cash inflows with the expected benefit payments for each significant benefit plan. The expected return on plan assets is determined based on a market-related value of assets ("MRVA"), which is a smoothed asset value. For fixed income securities, the MRVA is determined using the fair value of the fixed income assets. For all other classes of pension assets, the MRVA is calculated by recognizing investment performance that is different from that expected on a straight-line basis over five years. Actuarial gains and losses are amortized over the average remaining life expectancy of inactive participants for plans that are predominantly inactive and over the expected future service for active participants for other plans, but only to the extent unrecognized gains or losses exceed a corridor equal to 10 % of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of assets. The Company estimates the service and interest cost of its pension and OPEB plans by using the specific spot rates derived from the yield curve used to discount the cash flows reflected in the measurement of the benefit obligation. The Company believes this approach provides a precise measurement of service and interest costs due to the correlation between projected benefit cash flows to the corresponding spot yield curve rates. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Society of Actuaries did not release a new mortality projection scale, and therefore the mortality projection scale remains unchanged. The Company elected to make no changes to the mortality assumptions due to the continued uncertainty of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term mortality rate. The projected benefit obligation assumptions impacting net actuarial gain consist of changes in discount and prescribed lump sum mortality rates, as well as changes to the deferred vested participation and commencement age assumptions. As required under ASC 715, the Company remeasures plan assets and obligations during an interim period whenever a significant event occurs that results in a material change in the net periodic pension cost. The determination of significance is based on judgment and consideration of events and circumstances impacting the pension costs. The following summarizes the key events whose effects on net periodic benefit cost and obligations are included in the tables above: • On March 21, 2022, the Company elected to purchase annuities and settle the pension obligations for approximately 2,500 retired participants in its qualified U.S. pension plan. As a result of this transaction approximately $ 52,256 of plan assets and $ 51,418 of plan liabilities were transferred to the Nationwide Life and Annuity Insurance Company. The settlement resulted in the recognition of prior noncash actuarial losses of approximately $ 32,116 in the year ended March 31, 2022. The settlement's impact on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was insignificant as the plan's assets were materially consistent with the settled pension obligation. • Effective August 31, 2021, the Company settled the fully-funded pension obligation it had retained subsequent to its fiscal year 2019 divestiture of Triumph Geared Solutions - Toronto. The settlement resulted in the recognition of prior noncash actuarial losses of approximately $ 3,826 in the year ended March 31, 2022. The settlement's impact on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was insignificant as the plan's assets were materially consistent with the settled pension obligation. • Upon the completion of the sale of the composites and large structure manufacturing operations as disclosed in Note 3, the expected future service of certain defined benefit pension plan participants was curtailed and certain participants became eligible for subsidized early retirement benefits under the terms of the relevant plan. As a result, the Company performed an interim remeasurement and recognized a onetime pension curtailment charge of approximately $ 16,024 which is presented in non-service defined benefit income on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for year ended March 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company accrued a Withdrawal Liability (as defined below), and recognized in non-serviced defined benefit income, of $ 14,644 as a result of the exit of its Spokane, Washington, composites manufacturing operations in the year ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Note 17 for further information. Expected Pension Benefit Payments The total estimated future benefit payments for the pension plans are expected to be paid from the plan assets and company funds. Estimated future benefit payments from plan assets and Company funds for the next ten fiscal years are as follows: Year Pension 2025 $ 155,839 2026 141,299 2027 137,467 2028 133,892 2029 129,551 2030 - 2034 588,180 Plan Assets, Investment Policy and Strategy The table below sets forth the Company's target asset allocation for fiscal 2024 and the actual asset allocations at March 31, 2024 and 2023. Actual Allocation Target Allocation March 31, Asset Category Fiscal 2024 2024 2023 Equity securities 50 % - 60 % 58 % 55 % Fixed income securities 30 % - 40 % 31 34 Alternative investment funds 0 % - 10 % 10 10 Other 0 % - 5 % 1 1 Total 100 % 100 % Pension plan assets are invested in various asset classes that are expected to produce a sufficient level of diversification and investment return over the long-term. The investment goals are to exceed the assumed actuarial rate of return over the long-term within reasonable and prudent levels of risks and to meet future obligations. Asset/liability studies are conducted on a regular basis to provide guidance in setting investment goals for the pension portfolio and its asset allocation. The asset allocation aims to prudently achieve a strong, risk-adjusted return while seeking to minimize funding level volatility and improve the funded status of the plans. The pension plans currently employ a liability-driven investment ("LDI") approach, where assets and liabilities move in the same direction. The goal is to limit the volatility of the funding status and cover part, but not all, of the changes in liabilities. Most of the liabilities' changes are due to interest rate movements. To balance expected risk and return, allocation targets are established and monitored against acceptable ranges. All investment policies and procedures are designed to ensure that the plans' investments are in compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"). Guidelines are established defining permitted investments within each asset class. Each investment manager has contractual guidelines to ensure that investments are made within the parameters of their asset class or in the case of multi-asset class managers, the parameters of their multi-asset class strategy. Certain investments are not permitted at any time, including investment directly in employer securities and uncovered short sales. The tables below provide the fair values of the Company's plan assets at March 31, 2024 and 2023, by asset category. The table also identifies the level of inputs used to determine the fair value of assets in each category (refer to Note 2 for definition of levels). March 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 18,974 $ — $ — $ 18,974 Equity securities International 107,551 — — 107,551 U.S. equity 10,012 — — 10,012 U.S. commingled fund 438,146 — — 438,146 International commingled fund 30,618 — — 30,618 Fixed income securities Corporate bonds — 13,025 — 13,025 Government securities — 336,706 — 336,706 Other Insurance contracts — — 613 613 Total investment in securities—assets $ 605,301 $ 349,731 $ 613 $ 955,645 U.S. equity commingled fund 17,729 International equity commingled fund 133,851 U.S. fixed income commingled fund 34,098 International fixed income commingled fund 2,070 Government securities commingled fund 8,760 Private equity and infrastructure 126,351 Other 60 Total investment measured at NAV as a $ 322,919 Receivables 2,462 Payables ( 835 ) Total plan assets $ 1,280,191 March 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 17,163 $ — $ — $ 17,163 Equity securities International 100,370 — — 100,370 U.S. equity 3,190 — — 3,190 U.S. commingled fund 417,307 — — 417,307 International commingled fund 30,977 — — 30,977 Fixed income securities Corporate bonds — 12,904 — 12,904 Government securities — 361,070 — 361,070 Other Insurance contracts — — 626 626 Total investment in securities—assets $ 569,007 $ 373,974 $ 626 $ 943,607 U.S. equity commingled fund 2,866 International equity commingled fund 161,458 U.S. fixed income commingled fund 44,861 International fixed income commingled fund 7,070 Government securities commingled fund 14,599 Private equity and infrastructure 126,549 Other 3,592 Total investment measured at NAV as a $ 360,995 Receivables 2,288 Payables ( 434 ) Total plan assets $ 1,306,456 Cash equivalents and other short-term investments are primarily held in registered short-term investment vehicles which are valued using a market approach based on quoted market prices of similar instruments. Public equity securities, including common stock, are primarily valued using a market approach based on the closing fair market prices of identical instruments in the principal market on which they are traded. Commingled funds that are open-ended mutual funds for which the fair value per share is determined and published by the respective mutual fund sponsor and is the basis for current observable transactions are categorized as Level 1 fair value measures. Investments in commingled funds and private equity and infrastructure funds are carried at net asset value ("NAV") as a practical expedient to estimate fair value. The NAV is the total value of the fund divided by the number of shares outstanding. Adjustments to NAV, if any, are determined based on evaluation of data provided by fund managers, including valuation of the underlying investments derived using inputs such as cost, operating results, discounted future cash flows and market-based comparable data. In accordance with ASC 820-10, investments that are measured at NAV practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy; however, their fair value amounts are presented in these tables to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets disclosed in this footnote. Corporate, government agency bonds and mortgage-backed securities are primarily valued using a market approach with inputs that include broker quotes, benchmark yields, base spreads and reported observable trades for identical or comparable instruments. Other investments include insurance contracts primarily valued based on estimates of the premium required to acquire similar insurance contracts using market-based comparable data. Assumptions and Sensitivities The discount rate is determined as of each measurement date, based on a review of yield rates associated with long-term, high-quality corporate bonds. The calculation separately discounts benefit payments using the spot rates from a long-term, high-quality corporate bond yield curve. The effect of a 25 basis-point change in discount rates as of March 31, 2024, is shown below: Pension Increase of 25 basis points Obligation * $ ( 31,238 ) Net periodic expense 140 Decrease of 25 basis points Obligation * $ 32,433 Net periodic expense ( 165 ) * Excludes impact to plan assets due to the LDI investment approach discussed above under "Plan Assets, Investment Policy and Strategy." The long-term rate of return assumption represents the expected average rate of earnings on the funds invested to provide for the benefits included in the benefit obligations. The long-term rate of return assumption is determined based on a number of factors, including historical market index returns, the anticipated long-term asset allocation of the plans, historical plan return data, plan expenses and the potential to outperform market index returns. For fiscal 2025, the expected long-term rate of return is 5.5 % - 8.00 % . Anticipated Contributions to Defined Benefit In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company contributed 3,200,000 shares of common stock to the separate pension plan trust with an aggregate contribution value of approximately $ 39,136 on the contribution date. The Company expects to contribute approximately $ 23,000 to its qualified U.S. defined benefit pension plans during fiscal 2025 . No plan assets are expected to be returned to the Company in fiscal 2025 . |