Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation | (a) Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company presents its financial statements in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. |
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Cash and cash equivalents | (b) Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. |
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Restricted cash | (c) Restricted cash: Restricted cash represents cash received by the Company from production sold where the final division of ownership of the production is unknown or in dispute. |
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Accounts receivable | (d) Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable are stated at the historical carrying amount net of write-offs and an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The carrying amount of the Company’s accounts receivable approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. The Company routinely assesses the collectability of all material trade and other receivables. |
Property, plant and equipment | (e) Property, plant and equipment: Capital assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the declining-balance method based on their respective useful life. Previously, gathering system expenditures were recorded at cost and depreciated separately from proven oil and gas properties using the straight-line method due to the expectation that they would be used to transport production from probable and possible reserves, as well as from third parties. However, subsequent to the SWEPI Transaction (See Note 13), the Company’s remaining gathering systems are expected to only be used to transport the Company’s proved volumes and as a result, $91.8 million was transferred to proven oil and gas properties at September 30, 2014. |
Oil and natural gas properties | (f) Oil and natural gas properties: The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for exploration and development activities as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Release No. 33-8995, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting Requirements (“SEC Release No. 33-8995”) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 932, Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas (“FASB ASC 932”). Separate cost centers are maintained for each country in which the Company incurs costs. Under this method of accounting, the costs of unsuccessful, as well as successful, exploration and development activities are capitalized as oil and gas properties. This includes any internal costs that are directly related to exploration and development activities but does not include any costs related to production, general corporate overhead or similar activities. The carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties also includes estimated asset retirement costs recorded based on the fair value of the asset retirement obligation when incurred. Gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of oil and natural gas properties is not recognized, unless the gain or loss would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and natural gas attributable to a country. |
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The sum of net capitalized costs and estimated future development costs of oil and natural gas properties are amortized using the units-of-production method based on the proved reserves as determined by independent petroleum engineers. Oil and natural gas reserves and production are converted into equivalent units based on relative energy content. Asset retirement obligations are included in the base costs for calculating depletion. |
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Under the full cost method, costs of unevaluated properties and major development projects expected to require significant future costs may be excluded from capitalized costs being amortized. The Company excludes significant costs until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. The Company reviews its unproved leasehold costs quarterly or when management determines that events or circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value of the unevaluated properties may not be recoverable. The fair values of unproved properties are evaluated utilizing a discounted net cash flows model based on management’s assumptions of future oil and gas production, commodity prices, operating and development costs; as well as appropriate discount rates. The estimated prices used in the cash flow analysis are determined by management based on forward price curves for the related commodities, adjusted for average historical location and quality differentials. Estimates of cash flows related to probable and possible reserves are reduced by additional risk-weighting factors. The amount of any impairment is transferred to the capitalized costs being amortized. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not determine any impairment related to unevaluated properties or major development projects excluded from capitalized costs being amortized. |
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Companies that use the full cost method of accounting for oil and natural gas exploration and development activities are required to perform a ceiling test calculation each quarter. The full cost ceiling test is an impairment test prescribed by SEC Regulation S-X Rule 4-10. The ceiling test is performed quarterly, on a country-by-country basis, utilizing the average of prices in effect on the first day of the month for the preceding twelve month period in accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8995. The ceiling limits such pooled costs to the aggregate of the present value of future net revenues attributable to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves discounted at 10% plus the lower of cost or market value of unproved properties less any associated tax effects. If such capitalized costs exceed the ceiling, the Company will record a write-down to the extent of such excess as a non-cash charge to earnings. Any such write-down will reduce earnings in the period of occurrence and results in a lower depletion, depreciation and amortization (“DD&A”) rate in future periods. A write-down may not be reversed in future periods even though higher oil, natural gas and NGL prices may subsequently increase the ceiling. |
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During 2012, the Company recorded a $2.9 billion non-cash write-down of the carrying value of the Company’s proved oil and gas properties as a result of ceiling test limitations, which is reflected within ceiling test and other impairments in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The ceiling test was calculated based upon the average of quoted market prices in effect on the first day of the month for the preceding twelve month period at December 31, 2012, September 30, 2012 and June 30, 2012 for Henry Hub natural gas and West Texas Intermediate oil, adjusted for market differentials. The Company did not have any write-downs related to the full cost ceiling limitation in 2014 or 2013. |
Inventories | (g) Inventories: At December 31, 2014 and 2013, inventory of $10.2 million and $5.2 million primarily includes the cost of pipe and production equipment that will be utilized during the 2015 drilling program and crude oil inventory. Materials and supplies inventories are carried at lower of cost or market and include expenditures and other charges directly and indirectly incurred in bringing the inventory to its existing condition and location. Selling expenses and general and administrative expenses are reported as period costs and excluded from inventory cost. The Company uses the weighted average method of recording its materials and supplies inventory. Crude oil inventory is valued at lower of cost or market. |
Derivative Instruments and hedging activities | (h) Derivative instruments and hedging activities: The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“FASB ASC 815”). The Company records the fair value of its commodity derivatives as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and records the changes in the fair value of its commodity derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as an unrealized gain or loss on commodity derivatives. The Company does not offset the value of its derivative arrangements with the same counterparty. (See Note 7). |
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Income Taxes Policy | (i) Income taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria described in FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. In addition, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. |
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The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets of $161.5 million as of December 31, 2014. Some or all of this valuation allowance may be reversed in future periods against future income. |
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Earnings per share | (j) Earnings (loss) per share: Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by adjusting the average number of common shares outstanding for the dilutive effect, if any, of common stock equivalents. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect |
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| The following table provides a reconciliation of components of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share: | |
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| | | December 31, | |
| | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | |
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| Net income (loss) | $ | 542,851 | $ | 237,838 | $ | -2,176,898 | |
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| Weighted average common shares outstanding | | | | | | | |
| during the period | | 153,136 | | 152,963 | | 152,845 | |
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| Effect of dilutive instruments | | 1,558 | | 1,463 | | - | -1 |
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| Weighted average common shares outstanding during | | | | | | | |
| the period including the effects of dilutive instruments | | 154,694 | | 154,426 | | 152,845 | |
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| Net income (loss) per common share - basic | $ | 3.54 | $ | 1.55 | $ | -14.24 | |
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| Net income (loss) per common share - fully diluted | $ | 3.51 | $ | 1.54 | $ | -14.24 | |
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| Number of shares not included in dilutive earnings per share that would have been anti-dilutive because the exercise price was greater than the average market price of | | | | | | | |
| the common shares | | 1,377 | | 1,406 | | - | -1 |
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(1) Due to the net loss for the year ended December 31, 2012, 1.9 million shares for options and restricted stock units were anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of loss per share. |
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Use of estimates | (k) Use of estimates: Preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Accounting for share based compensation | (l) Accounting for share-based compensation: The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options, based on estimated fair values in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. |
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Fair value accounting | (m) Fair value accounting: The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“FASB ASC 820”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement applies under other accounting topics that require or permit fair value measurements. See Note 8 for additional information. |
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Asset retirement obligation | (n) Asset retirement obligation: The initial estimated retirement obligation of properties is recognized as a liability with an associated increase in oil and gas properties for the asset retirement cost. Accretion expense is recognized over the estimated productive life of the related assets. If the fair value of the estimated asset retirement obligation changes, an adjustment is recorded to both the asset retirement obligation and the asset retirement cost. Revisions in estimated liabilities can result from revisions of estimated inflation rates, changes in service and equipment costs and changes in the estimated timing of settling asset retirement obligations. As a full cost company, settlements for asset retirement obligations for abandonment are adjusted to the full cost pool. The asset retirement obligation is included within other long-term obligations in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
Revenue recognition | (o) Revenue recognition: The Company generally sells oil and natural gas under both long-term and short-term agreements at prevailing market prices and under multi-year contracts that provide for a fixed price of oil and natural gas. The Company recognizes revenues when the oil and natural gas is delivered, which occurs when the customer has taken title and has assumed the risks and rewards of ownership, prices are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company accounts for oil and natural gas sales using the “entitlements method.” Under the entitlements method, revenue is recorded based upon the Company’s ownership share of volumes sold, regardless of whether it has taken its ownership share of such volumes. Any amount received in excess of the Company’s share of the volumes is treated as a liability. If the Company receives less than its entitled share, the underproduction is recorded as a receivable. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had a net natural gas imbalance liability of $3.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. |
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Make-up provisions and ultimate settlements of volume imbalances are generally governed by agreements between the Company and its partners with respect to specific properties or, in the absence of such agreements, through negotiation. The value of volumes over- or under-produced can change based on changes in commodity prices. The Company prefers the entitlements method of accounting for oil and natural gas sales because it allows for recognition of revenue based on its actual share of jointly owned production, results in better matching of revenue with related operating expenses, and provides balance sheet recognition of the estimated value of product imbalances. |
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Capitalized interest | (p) Capitalized interest: Interest is capitalized on the cost of unevaluated gas and oil properties that are excluded from amortization and actively being evaluated, if any, as well as on work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. |
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(1) Interest is capitalized on the cost of unevaluated oil and natural gas properties that are excluded from amortization and actively being evaluated as well as on work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, total interest on outstanding debt was $146.6 million and $103.5 million, respectively, of which $20.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, was capitalized on the cost of unevaluated oil and natural gas properties and work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. |
Capital Cost Accrual | (q) Capital cost accrual: The Company accrues for exploration and development costs in the period incurred, while payment may occur in a subsequent period. |
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Reclassifications | (r) Reclassifications: Certain amounts in the financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. |
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Recent accounting pronouncements | (s) Recent accounting pronouncements: In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU No. 2014-15”) that will require management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements are issued on both an interim and annual basis. Management will be required to provide certain footnote disclosures if it concludes that substantial doubt exists or when its plans alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU No. 2014-15 becomes effective for annual periods beginning in 2016 and for interim reporting periods starting in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in FASB ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and in most industry-specific topics. ASU No. 2014-09 provides new guidance concerning recognition and measurement of revenue and requires additional disclosures about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09 becomes effective at the beginning of 2017. The Company is still evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2014-09 on its financial position and results of operations. |
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In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. ASU 2014-08 modifies the criteria for disposals to qualify as discontinued operations and expands related disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Adoption of this amendment will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. |
Derivatives and Hedging Activities Policies [Abstract] | |
Derivative Instruments and hedging activities | (h) Derivative instruments and hedging activities: The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“FASB ASC 815”). The Company records the fair value of its commodity derivatives as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and records the changes in the fair value of its commodity derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as an unrealized gain or loss on commodity derivatives. The Company does not offset the value of its derivative arrangements with the same counterparty. (See Note 7). |
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Oil and Gas Properties Policies [Abstract] | |
Capitalized interest | (p) Capitalized interest: Interest is capitalized on the cost of unevaluated gas and oil properties that are excluded from amortization and actively being evaluated, if any, as well as on work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. |
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(1) Interest is capitalized on the cost of unevaluated oil and natural gas properties that are excluded from amortization and actively being evaluated as well as on work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, total interest on outstanding debt was $146.6 million and $103.5 million, respectively, of which $20.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, was capitalized on the cost of unevaluated oil and natural gas properties and work in process relating to gathering systems that are not currently in service. |