(Note 1) Description of the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value
Assets
Monetary claims bought
The fair values of subordinated trust beneficiary interests related to securitized housing loans among monetary claims bought are determined by estimating future cash flows using the probability of default, loss given default and prepayment rate, and assessing the value by deducting the value of senior beneficial interests, etc. from the value of underlying housing loans. The fair values of other transactions are, in principle, based on methods similar to the methods applied to Loans and bills discounted.
These transactions are classified into Level 3.
Trading assets
The fair values of bonds and other securities held for trading purposes are, in principle, based on their market prices at the end of the period.
The fair values of such bonds and other securities are mainly classified into Level 1 depending on the level of market activity. When fair value is determined based on either the prices quoted by the financial institutions, or future cash flows discounted using observable inputs such as interests, spreads, and others, they are classified into Level 2.
Money held in trust
The fair values of money held in trust are, in principle, fair values of securities in trust property calculated by the same method as for securities that the Company owns. They are classified into Level 2.
Securities
In principle, the fair values of stocks (including foreign stocks) are based on the market price as of the end of the period. They are mainly classified into Level 1 depending on the level of market activity. The fair values of securities with market prices other than stocks are based on the market price as of the end of the period. Japanese Government bonds are classified into Level 1 and other bonds are classified into Level 2.
The fair values of privately-placed bonds with no market prices are based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, taking into account the borrower’s probability of default, loss given default, etc. Those present values are discounted by a rate comprising a risk-free interest rate with certain adjustment. However, the fair values of bonds, such as privately-placed bonds issued by bankrupt borrowers, effectively bankrupt borrowers and potentially bankrupt borrowers are based on the bond’s book value after the deduction of the expected amount of a loss on the bond computed by using the same method applied to the estimation of a loan loss.
These transactions are classified into Level 2.
Loans and bills discounted, and Lease receivables and investment assets
Of these transactions, considering the characteristics of these transaction, the fair values of overdrafts with no specified repayment dates are their book values as they are considered to approximate their fair values.
For short-term transactions, the fair values are also their book values as they are considered to approximate their fair values.
The fair values of long-term transactions are, in principle, based on the present value of estimated future cash flows taking into account the borrower’s probability of default, loss given default, etc. Those present values are discounted by a rate comprising a risk-free interest rate with certain adjustment. At certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Company, the fair values are calculated based on the present values of estimated future cash flows, which are computed based on the contractual interest rate. Those present values are discounted by a rate comprising a risk-free rate and a credit risk premium.
Regarding claims on bankrupt borrowers, effectively bankrupt borrowers and potentially bankrupt borrowers, expected losses on such claims are calculated based on either the expected recoverable amount from disposal of collateral or guarantees, or the present value of expected future cash flows. Since the claims’ interim consolidated balance sheet amounts (consolidated balance sheet amounts) minus the expected amount of loan losses approximate their fair values, such amounts are considered to be their fair values.
These transactions are classified into Level 3.
—35—