Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Activities | SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) Costs Incurred Related to Oil and Gas Activities Capitalized costs include the cost of properties, equipment, and facilities for oil and natural gas producing activities. Capitalized costs for proved properties include costs for oil and natural gas leaseholds where proved reserves have been identified, development wells, and related equipment and facilities, including development wells in progress. Capitalized costs for unproved properties include costs for acquiring oil and gas leaseholds where no proved reserves have been identified, including costs of exploratory wells that are in the process of drilling or in active completion, and costs of exploratory wells suspended or waiting on completion. The Company’s oil and gas activities for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were entirely within the United States of America. Costs incurred in oil and gas producing activities were as follows ( in thousands Years Ended December 31, 2016 (1) 2015 2014 Acquisition cost: Proved $ 48,116 $ 4,508 $ 74,728 Unproved 26,600 10,646 36,236 Exploration costs: Exploratory drilling — — — Geological and geophysical 5 142 111 Development costs 28,577 56,862 75,105 Total additions $ 103,298 $ 72,158 $ 186,180 (1) Acquisition costs incurred during 2016 consisted entirely of the assets acquired in the Lynden Arrangement described in Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures During each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, additions to oil and gas properties of $0.2 million were recorded for estimated costs of future abandonment related to new wells drilled or acquired. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company had no capitalized exploratory well costs. Capitalized Costs Capitalized costs, impairment, and depreciation, depletion and amortization relating to our oil and natural gas properties producing activities, all of which are conducted within the continental United States as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below ( in thousands December 31, 2016 2015 Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method: Proved properties $ 476,832 $ 394,532 Accumulated impairment to proved properties (113,760 ) (110,888 ) Proved properties, net of accumulated impairments 363,072 283,644 Unproved properties 100,612 79,619 Accumulated impairment to Unproved properties (48,889 ) (45,010 ) Unproved properties, net of accumulated impairments 51,723 34,609 Total oil and gas properties, net of accumulated impairments 414,795 318,253 Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (145,393 ) (119,920 ) Net oil and gas properties $ 269,402 $ 198,333 Oil and Natural Gas Reserves Users of this information should be aware that the process of estimating quantities of “proved” and “proved developed” oil and natural gas reserves is very complex, requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all available geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir. The data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions. As a result, revisions to existing reserve estimates may occur from time to time. Although every reasonable effort is made to ensure reserve estimates reported represent the most accurate assessments possible, the subjective decisions and variances in available data for various reservoirs make these estimates generally less precise than other estimates included in the financial statement disclosures. Proved reserves represent estimated quantities of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids that geological and engineering data demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under economic and operating conditions in effect when the estimates were made. Proved developed reserves represent estimated quantities expected to be recovered through wells and equipment in place and under operating methods used when the estimates were made. The proved reserves estimates shown herein for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been independently prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. The reserve information in these consolidated financial statements represents only estimates. There are a number of uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves, including many factors beyond the Company’s control, such as commodity pricing. Reserve engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and engineering and geological interpretation and judgement. As a result, estimates by different engineers may vary. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate may lead to revising the original estimate. Accordingly, initial reserve estimates are often different from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. The meaningfulness of such estimates depends primarily on the accuracy of the assumptions upon which they were based. Except to the extent the Company acquires additional properties containing proved reserves or conducts successful exploration and development activities or both, the Company’s proved reserves will decline as reserves are produced. The following table illustrates the Company’s estimated net proved reserves, including changes, and proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves for the periods indicated. The oil prices as of December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are based on the respective 12-month unweighted average of the first of the month prices of the West Texas Intermediate spot prices which equates to $42.75 per barrel, $50.28 per barrel, and $94.99 per barrel, respectively. The natural gas prices as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are based on the respective 12-month unweighted average of the first of month prices of the Henry Hub spot price which equates to $2.48 per MMBtu, $2.59 per MMBtu and $4.30 per MMBtu, respectively. All prices are adjusted by lease or field for energy content, transportation fees, and market differentials. All prices are held constant in accordance with SEC guidelines. A summary of the Company’s changes in quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows: Oil Natural Gas NGLs Total (MBbl) (MMcf) (MBbl) (MBOE) Balance - December 31, 2013 6,078 24,213 1,318 11,431 Extensions and discoveries 1,909 1,403 221 2,364 Purchases of minerals in place 7,025 6,064 437 8,473 Production (403 ) (2,132 ) (124 ) (882 ) Revision to previous estimates (806 ) 9,031 107 806 Balance - December 31, 2014 13,803 38,579 1,959 22,192 Extensions and discoveries 526 828 21 685 Sales of minerals in place (4 ) (8,040 ) — (1,344 ) Purchases of minerals in place 1,641 679 208 1,962 Production (904 ) (2,143 ) (176 ) (1,437 ) Revision to previous estimates (5,701 ) (16,565 ) (1,022 ) (9,484 ) Balance - December 31, 2015 9,361 13,338 990 12,574 Extensions and discoveries 345 285 30 423 Purchases of minerals in place 5,548 14,770 2,637 10,647 Production (878 ) (2,171 ) (225 ) (1,465 ) Revision to previous estimates (7,265 ) (5,821 ) (1,892 ) (10,128 ) Balance - December 31, 2016 7,111 20,401 1,540 12,051 Proved developed reserves: December 31, 2013 1,307 11,053 557 3,706 December 31, 2014 6,093 16,214 1,005 9,800 December 31, 2015 6,114 10,954 673 8,613 December 31, 2016 6,052 13,545 1,051 9,361 Proved undeveloped reserves: December 31, 2013 4,771 13,160 761 7,725 December 31, 2014 7,710 22,365 954 12,392 December 31, 2015 3,247 2,384 317 3,961 December 31, 2016 1,059 6,856 489 2,690 Total proved reserves decreased by 0.5 MMBoe during 2016 which primarily resulted from a 10.1 MMBoe downward reserve revision caused by decreases in the prices used to calculated those reserves (prices used to estimate reserves are included in Oil and Natural Gas Reserves At December 31, 2016 the Company’s estimated proved undeveloped reserves (PUDs) were 2.7 MMBoe, a 1.3 MMBoe net decrease over the previous year’s estimate of 4.0 MMBoe. The following details the changes in PUD reserves for 2016 ( in MBoe Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2015 3,961 Conversions to developed (169 ) Extensions and discoveries 293 Purchases 873 Revisions (2,268 ) Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2016 2,690 The change to the PUD reserves was a result of the significant decline in oil and natural gas prices. Prices used to estimate reserves are included in Oil and Natural Gas Reserves Extensions and Discoveries during the year ended December 31, 2016 were from the Company’s operated Eagle Ford and non-operated Bakken properties. All of the Company’s purchases of minerals in place reserves during the year ended December 31, 2015, occurred in the Eagle Ford property in Gonzales County, Texas. Based on the Company’s year-end 2015 reserve report, the Company expects to drill all of its PUD locations within five years. The total proved reserves increase of 10.8 MMBoe during 2014 is comprised of 6.1 MMBoe in proved developed and 4.7 MMBoe in proved undeveloped reserves. During 2014, the Company added 2.4 MMBoe in proved reserves due to extension and discoveries, the majority of which is due to successful drilling in its operated Eagle Ford property in Fayette and Gonzales counties, Texas. Both new wells drilled and completed during 2014 along with the PUD locations that were added because of this successful drilling contributed to the increase in proved reserves. Purchase of minerals in place of 8.5 MMBoe were as a result of the Exchanges Agreement whereby Oak Valley acquired the legacy Earthstone assets through a reverse acquisition and the Flatonia Contribution Agreement where the Company acquired additional interests in its operated Eagle Ford property. All of the Company’s increases through extensions and discoveries occurred in its operated Eagle Ford property in Fayette and Gonzales counties, Texas as a result of successful drilling during 2014 which added additional PUD locations as well. PUDs that were converted during the year occurred in both the Company’s operated Eagle Ford and non-operated Bakken properties and 62% of the conversions occurred in the Eagle Ford property. Extensions and Discoveries were from the Company’s operated Eagle Ford and non-operated Bakken properties. All of the Company’s purchases of PUD reserves occurred in the Eagle Ford property in Gonzales County, Texas. Based on the Company’s year-end 2016 reserve report, the Company expects to drill all of its PUD locations within five years. For wells classified as proved developed producing where sufficient production history existed, reserves were based on individual well performance evaluation and production decline curve extrapolation techniques. For undeveloped locations and wells that lack sufficient production history, reserves were based on analogy to producing wells within the same area exhibiting similar geologic and reservoir characteristics, combined with volumetric methods. The volumetric estimates were based on geologic maps and rock and fluid properties derived from well logs, core data, pressure measurements, and fluid samples. Well spacing was determined from drainage patterns derived from a combination of performance-based recoveries and volumetric estimates for each area or field. PUD locations were limited to areas of uniformly high quality reservoir properties, between existing commercial producers. Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves The following Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows (Standardized Measure) has been developed utilizing ASC 932, Extractives Activities – Oil and Gas The Company believes that the following factors should be taken into account when reviewing the following information: • Future costs and commodity prices will probably differ from those required to be used in these calculations; • Due to future market conditions and governmental regulations, actual rates of production in future years may vary significantly from the rate of production assumed in the calculations; • A 10% discount rate may not be reasonable as a measure of the relative risk inherent in realizing future net oil and natural gas revenues; and • Future net revenues may be subject to different rates of income taxation At December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, as specified by the SEC, the prices for oil and natural gas used in this calculation were the unweighted 12-month average of the first day of the month prices, except for volumes subject to fixed price contracts. Prices used to estimate reserves are included in Oil and Natural Gas Reserves The Standardized Measure is as follows ( in thousands December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Future cash inflows $ 346,948 $ 481,131 $ 1,464,138 Future production costs (172,062 ) (192,349 ) (427,113 ) Future development costs (29,814 ) (91,725 ) (312,010 ) Future income tax expense — — (180,248 ) Future net cash flows 145,072 197,057 544,767 10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows (59,189 ) (92,661 ) (288,911 ) Standardized measure of discounted future cash flows $ 85,883 $ 104,396 $ 255,856 Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves The following is a summary of the changes in the Standardized Measure for the Company’s proved oil and natural gas reserves during each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2016 ( in thousands December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Beginning of year $ 104,396 $ 255,856 $ 125,357 Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs (24,998 ) (29,152 ) (35,794 ) Sales of minerals in place — (2,470 ) — Net changes in prices and production costs (102,143 ) (288,064 ) (34,681 ) Extensions, discoveries, and improved recoveries 241 6,514 54,157 Changes in income taxes, net (1) — 88,944 (88,944 ) Previously estimated development costs incurred during the 27,770 26,977 18,252 Net changes in future development costs 102,267 6,697 7,028 Purchases of minerals in place 16,921 7,695 163,309 Revisions of previous quantity estimates (45,239 ) (16,671 ) 16,283 Accretion of discount 11,506 25,586 12,536 Changes in timing of estimated cash flows and other (4,838 ) 22,484 18,353 End of year $ 85,883 $ 104,396 $ 255,856 (1) As a result of the December 19, 2014 Exchange, all historical financial information contained in this report is that of OVR and its subsidiaries. OVR, |