Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP Figures Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (Adjusted EBITDA) is one of our key financial ratios in that it is the basis for determining our maximum borrowing capacity at any one time. We calculate "Further Adjusted EBITDA" by adding back cash restructuring and non-recurring expenses to Adjusted EBITDA, as management finds these alternate measures of EBITDA useful to the company's performance from different aspects, and we believe investors will also. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Net earnings attributable to Valmont Industries, Inc. Interest expense Income tax expense Depreciation and amortization expense EBITDA Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets Restructuring and PP&E impairment expense Reversal of contingent liability EBITDA from acquisitions Adjusted EBITDA $ 132,397 18,267 70,213 39,597 260,474 - - - $ 150,562 15,760 72,894 44,748 283,964 - - - $ 94,379 30,947 55,008 59,663 239,997 - - - $ 228,308 36,175 4,590 74,560 343,633 - - - $ 234,072 31,625 126,502 70,218 462,417 - - - $ 278,489 32,502 157,781 77,436 546,208 - - - $ 183,976 36,790 94,894 89,328 404,988 - - - $ 40,117 44,621 47,427 91,144 223,309 41,970 19,836 - $ 173,232 44,409 42,063 82,417 342,121 - 1,099 (16,591) $ 116,240 44,645 106,145 84,957 351,987 - - - - - - - - - 8,696 - - - $ 260,474 $ 283,964 $ 239,997 $ 343,633 $ 462,417 $ 546,208 $ 413,684 $ 285,115 $ 326,629 $ 351,987 Other non-recurring transactions1 Debt refinancing costs, pre-tax Cash Restructuring Expense Further Adjusted EBITDA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38,704 - $ 24,003 - - - 11,306 - - - 20,016 $ 260,474 $ 283,964 $ 239,997 $ 343,633 $ 462,417 $ 546,208 $ 452,388 $ 329,134 $ 337,935 $ 351,987 EBITDA from Corporate/LIFO Expense $ (34,132) $ (33,211) $ (37,558) $ (44,319) $ (46,688) $ 81,789) $ (49,989) $ (22,956) $ (33,675) $ 37,049) Total Adjusted EBITDA Provided by Segments $ 294,606 $ 317,175 $ 277,555 $ 387,952 $ 509,105 $ 627,997 $ 502,377 $ 352,090 $ 371,610 $ 389,036 Total interest-bearing debt $ 486,685 $ 774,074 $ 758,971 $ 756,392 $ 755,015 Leverage Ratio 0.89 1.87 2.66 2.32 2.15 1 Other non-recurring transactions in 2015 are the $7,003 allowance for doubtful accounts recorded in the Irrigation segment and 33 | September 2018 | Valmont Industries, Inc. the $17,000 accrual recorded for the utility commercial settlement.
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