Loans | 4. Loans The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are: · Commercial loans – Commercial loans consist of loans to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries. The Bank’s areas of emphasis in commercial lending include, but are not limited to, loans to wholesalers, manufacturers, municipalities, and construction and business services companies. Commercial loans are generally collateralized by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment, real estate and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk arises primarily due to a difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. However, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrowers’ ability to collect amounts due from its customers. · Real estate - mortgage loans – Real estate mortgage loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. · Construction & land – The Company originates loans to finance construction projects including one- to four-family residences, multifamily residences, commercial office, senior housing, and industrial projects. Residential construction loans are due upon the sale of the completed project and are generally collateralized by first liens on the real estate and have floating interest rates. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans. Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market which could affect the borrowers’ ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The Company also originates loans for the acquisition and future development of land for residential building projects, as well as finished lots prepared to enter the construction phase. The primary risks include the borrower’s inability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral. · Consumer loans – The Company provides a broad range of consumer loans to customers, including personal lines of credit, home equity loans, residential mortgage loans and automobile loans. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. · Other loans – Other loans include lending products, such as taxable and tax-exempt leasing, not defined as commercial, real estate, acquisition and development, construction, or consumer loans. The loan portfolio segments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Commercial $ 1,250,356 $ 1,217,001 Real estate - mortgage 1,250,423 1,171,596 Construction & land 266,081 175,738 Consumer 282,101 266,947 Other 98,916 103,616 Loans held for investment 3,147,877 2,934,898 Allowance for loan losses (37,941) (33,293) Unearned net loan fees (2,314) (793) Total net loans $ 3,107,622 $ 2,900,812 The Company routinely acquires participating interests in loans originated by other banks. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, overdraft demand deposits totaling $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, were reclassified from deposits to loans. The Company maintains a loan review program independent of the lending function that is designed to reduce and control risk in lending. It includes the continuous monitoring of lending activities with respect to underwriting and processing new loans, preventing insider abuse and timely follow-up and corrective action for loans showing signs of deterioration in quality. The Company also has a systematic process to evaluate individual loans and pools of loans within our loan portfolio. The Company maintains a loan grading system whereby each loan is assigned a grade between 1 and 8, with 1 representing the highest quality credit, 7 representing a nonaccrual loan where collection or liquidation in full is highly questionable and improbable, and 8 representing a loss that has been or will be charged-off. Grades are assigned based upon the degree of risk associated with repayment of a loan in the normal course of business pursuant to the original terms. Loans that are graded 5 or lower are categorized as non-classified credits while loans graded 6 and higher are categorized as classified credits. Loan grade changes are evaluated on a monthly basis. Loans above a certain dollar amount that are adversely graded are reported to the Special Assets Group manager and the Chief Credit Officer along with current financial information, a collateral analysis and an action plan. The loan portfolio showing total non-classified and classified balances by loan class at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is summarized below: At December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Non-classified Classified Total Commercial Manufacturing $ 82,275 $ 2,912 $ 85,187 Finance and insurance 40,796 1,722 42,518 Health care 161,162 2,623 163,785 Real estate services 124,861 3,986 128,847 Construction 67,232 758 67,990 Public administration 239,230 847 240,077 Other 468,562 53,390 521,952 1,184,118 66,238 1,250,356 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 481,061 3,574 484,635 Residential & commercial investor 765,210 578 765,788 1,246,271 4,152 1,250,423 Construction & land 266,081 - 266,081 Consumer 279,191 2,910 282,101 Other 97,542 1,374 98,916 Total loans held for investment $ 3,073,203 $ 74,674 $ 3,147,877 Unearned net loan fees (2,314) Net loans held for investment $ 3,145,563 At December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Non-classified Classified Total Commercial Manufacturing $ 96,465 $ 153 $ 96,618 Finance and insurance 49,764 587 50,351 Health care 153,468 555 154,023 Real estate services 125,531 513 126,044 Construction 55,471 3,247 58,718 Public administration 254,861 1,136 255,997 Other 437,219 38,031 475,250 1,172,779 44,222 1,217,001 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 469,027 6,496 475,523 Residential & commercial investor 695,170 903 696,073 1,164,197 7,399 1,171,596 Construction & land 172,816 2,922 175,738 Consumer 265,307 1,640 266,947 Other 101,894 1,722 103,616 Total loans held for investment $ 2,876,993 $ 57,905 $ 2,934,898 Unearned net loan fees (793) Net loans held for investment $ 2,934,105 Transactions in the ALL by segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below: For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 2015 Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period Commercial $ 15,398 $ 24,215 $ 14,614 Real estate - mortgage 11,475 10,372 12,463 Construction & land 1,997 2,111 2,316 Consumer 2,803 2,592 2,329 Other 945 643 488 Unallocated 675 753 555 Total 33,293 40,686 32,765 Provision Commercial $ 1,237 $ (2,334) $ 9,950 Real estate - mortgage 1,029 1,072 (3,017) Construction & land 998 (1,279) (1,253) Consumer (122) 216 374 Other (119) 302 168 Unallocated 262 (78) 198 Total 3,285 (2,101) 6,420 Charge-offs Commercial $ (823) $ (7,767) $ (588) Real estate - mortgage - - (186) Construction & land - - (107) Consumer (99) (37) (130) Other - - (285) Total (922) (7,804) (1,296) Recoveries Commercial $ 1,025 $ 1,284 $ 239 Real estate - mortgage 186 31 1,112 Construction & land 1,039 1,165 1,155 Consumer 35 32 19 Other - - 272 Total 2,285 2,512 2,797 Allowance for loan losses, end of period Commercial $ 16,837 $ 15,398 $ 24,215 Real estate - mortgage 12,690 11,475 10,372 Construction & land 4,034 1,997 2,111 Consumer 2,617 2,803 2,592 Other 826 945 643 Unallocated 937 675 753 Total $ 37,941 $ 33,293 $ 40,686 The Company estimates the ALL in accordance with ASC 310 for purposes of evaluating loan impairment on a loan-by-loan basis and ASC 450 for purposes of collectively evaluating loan impairment by grouping loans with common risk characteristics (i.e. risk classification, past-due status, type of loan, and collateral). The ALL is comprised of the following components: · Specific Reserves – The Company continuously evaluates its reserve for loan losses to maintain an adequate level to absorb loan losses incurred in the loan portfolio. Reserves on loans identified as impaired, including troubled debt restructurings, are based on discounted expected cash flows using the loan’s initial effective interest rate, the observable market value of the loan or the fair value of the collateral for certain collateral-dependent loans. The fair value of the collateral is determined in accordance with ASC 820. Loans are considered to be impaired in accordance with the provisions of ASC 310, when it is probable that all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms will not be collected. Factors contributing to the determination of specific reserves include the financial condition of the borrower, changes in the value of pledged collateral and general economic conditions. Troubled debt restructurings meet the definition of an impaired loan under ASC 310 and therefore, troubled debt restructurings are subject to impairment evaluation on a loan-by-loan basis. For collateral dependent loans that have been specifically identified as impaired, the Company measures fair value based on third-party appraisals, adjusted for estimated costs to sell the property. Upon impairment, the Company will obtain a new appraisal if one had not been previously obtained in the last 12 months. For credits over $2.0 million, the Company typically engages an additional third-party appraiser to review the appraisal. For credits under $2.0 million, the Company’s internal appraisal department reviews the appraisal. All appraisals are reviewed for adherence to regulations and mathematical accuracy reasonableness based on recent sales transactions that may have occurred subsequent to or right at the time of the appraisal. Based on this analysis the appraised value may be adjusted downward if there is evidence that the appraised value may not be indicative of fair value. Each appraisal is updated on an annual basis, either through a new appraisal or through the Company’s comprehensive internal review process. Values are reviewed and monitored internally and fair value is re-assessed at least quarterly or more frequently when events or circumstances occur that indicate a change in fair value. · General Reserves – General reserves are considered part of the allocated portion of the allowance. The Company uses a comprehensive loan grading process for our loan portfolios. Based on this process, a loss factor is assigned to each pool of graded loans. A combination of loss experience and external loss data is used in determining the appropriate loss factor. This estimate represents the probable incurred losses within the portfolio. In evaluating the adequacy of the ALL, management considers historical losses (Migration), as well as other factors including changes in: · Lending policies and procedures · National and local economic and business conditions and developments · Nature and volume of portfolio · Trends of the volume and severity of past-due and classified loans · Trends in the volume of nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings, and other loan modifications · Credit concentrations Troubled debt restructurings have a direct impact on the allowance to the extent a loss has been recognized in relation to the loan modified. This is consistent with the Company’s consideration of Migration in determining general reserves. The aforementioned factors enable management to recognize environmental conditions contributing to incurred losses in the portfolio, which have not yet manifested in Migration. Management believes Migration history adequately captures a great percentage of probable incurred losses within the portfolio. In addition to the allocated reserve for graded loans, a portion of the allowance is determined by segmenting the portfolio into product groupings with similar risk characteristics. Part of the segmentation involves assigning increased reserve factors to those lending activities deemed higher-risk such as leverage-financings, unsecured loans, certain loans lacking personal guarantees, senior housing, speculative residential construction and multifamily loans. · Unallocated Reserves – The unallocated reserve, which is judgmentally determined, is maintained to recognize the imprecision in estimating and measuring loss when evaluating reserves for individual loans or pools of loans. The unallocated reserve consists of a missed grade component that is intended to capture the inherent risk that certain loans may be assigned an incorrect loan grade. In assessing the reasonableness of management’s assumptions, consideration is given to select peer ratios, industry standards and directional consistency of the ALL. Ratio analysis highlights divergent trends in the relationship of the ALL to nonaccrual loans, to total loans and to historical charge-offs. Although these comparisons can be helpful as a supplement to assess reasonableness of management assumptions, they are not, by themselves, sufficient basis for determining the adequacy of the ALL. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of our loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. The following tables summarize loans held for investment and the ALL on the basis of the impairment method at December 31, 2017 and 2016: At December 31, 2017 At December 31, 2016 Individually Individually evaluated for Collectively evaluated for evaluated for Collectively evaluated for impairment impairment impairment impairment Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance Loans Allowance held for for loan held for for loan held for for loan held for for loan (in thousands) investment losses investment losses investment losses investment losses Commercial $ 56,566 $ 5,862 $ 1,194,005 $ 10,975 $ 20,279 $ 2,220 $ 1,197,453 $ 13,178 Real estate - mortgage 1,331 109 1,248,166 12,581 3,758 147 1,167,365 11,328 Construction & land 1,071 91 263,330 3,943 1,919 109 172,532 1,888 Consumer 1,366 148 280,783 2,469 294 98 266,719 2,705 Other - - 98,945 826 - - 103,786 945 Unallocated - - - 937 - - - 675 Total $ 60,334 $ 6,210 $ 3,085,229 $ 31,731 $ 26,250 $ 2,574 $ 2,907,855 $ 30,719 Information on impaired loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is reported in the following tables: At December 31, 2017 Recorded Recorded Recorded investment investment Unpaid investment with a with no principal in impaired related related Related (in thousands) balance loans allowance allowance allowance Commercial Manufacturing $ 3,302 $ 3,302 $ 3,302 $ - $ 238 Finance and insurance 473 473 17 456 17 Healthcare 718 718 459 259 207 Real estate services 7,982 7,982 7,982 - 544 Construction 1,689 1,457 977 480 71 Public administration 313 313 313 - 27 Other 42,660 42,321 41,030 1,291 4,758 57,137 56,566 54,080 2,486 5,862 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 1,159 1,159 1,102 57 94 Residential & commercial investor 172 172 172 - 15 1,331 1,331 1,274 57 109 Construction & land 1,071 1,071 1,071 - 91 Consumer 1,366 1,366 212 1,154 148 Total $ 60,905 $ 60,334 $ 56,637 $ 3,697 $ 6,210 At December 31, 2016 Recorded Recorded Recorded investment investment Unpaid investment with a with no principal in impaired related related Related (in thousands) balance loans allowance allowance allowance Commercial Manufacturing $ 2,095 $ 2,072 $ 2,071 $ 1 $ 114 Finance and insurance 25 25 25 - 25 Healthcare 189 189 189 - 11 Real estate services 6,268 6,268 6,268 - 350 Construction 2,166 2,166 1,932 234 149 Other 10,716 9,559 9,066 493 1,571 21,459 20,279 19,551 728 2,220 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 1,391 1,391 1,122 269 64 Residential & commercial investor 2,367 2,367 2,367 - 83 3,758 3,758 3,489 269 147 Construction & land 1,919 1,919 1,919 - 109 Consumer 294 294 195 99 98 Total $ 27,430 $ 26,250 $ 25,154 $ 1,096 $ 2,574 For the year ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Average Average Average recorded recorded recorded investment Interest investment Interest investment Interest in impaired income in impaired income in impaired income (in thousands) loans recognized loans recognized loans recognized Commercial Manufacturing $ 2,455 $ 138 $ 3,383 $ 234 $ 5,643 $ 306 Finance and insurance 380 16 30 - 164 24 Healthcare 503 43 194 12 33 11 Real estate services 6,355 262 6,996 261 8,006 283 Construction 1,558 104 1,873 140 1,666 106 Public administration 105 5 - - - - Other 22,896 1,435 12,804 619 7,507 1,034 34,252 2,003 25,280 1,266 23,019 1,764 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 1,217 41 1,777 114 1,762 130 Residential & commercial investor 1,547 55 3,722 127 5,104 182 2,764 96 5,499 241 6,866 312 Construction & land 1,655 55 2,336 93 2,935 104 Consumer 489 5 448 19 1,444 202 Other 36 5 - - 26 11 Total $ 39,196 $ 2,164 $ 33,563 $ 1,619 $ 34,290 $ 2,393 Interest income recognized on impaired loans noted in the table above, primarily represents interest earned on troubled debt restructurings that meet the definition of an impaired loan and are subject to disclosure. Interest income disclosed represents income recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 on impaired loans, regardless of when the loans became impaired. Interest income recognized on impaired loans using the cash-basis method of accounting during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was immaterial. Interest income that would have been recorded had nonaccrual loans performed in accordance with their original contract terms during 2017, 2016, and 2015 was immaterial. The table below summarizes transactions as it relates to troubled debt restructurings for the years ended December 31, 2017: (in thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 28,196 $ 13,837 $ 42,033 New restructurings 8,563 3,266 11,829 Change in accrual status (912) 912 - Paydowns (12,235) (7,883) (20,118) Net charge-offs - (7,591) (7,591) Balance at December 31, 2016 23,612 2,541 26,153 New restructurings 38,958 2,402 41,360 Change in accrual status 269 (269) - Paydowns (10,022) (951) (10,973) Net charge-offs - (41) (41) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 52,817 $ 3,682 $ 56,499 The below table provides information regarding troubled debt restructurings that occurred during years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment reflects the Company’s recorded investment immediately before the modification. Post-modification outstanding recorded investment represents the Company’s recorded investment at the end of the reporting period. The tables below do not include loans restructured and paid-off during the periods presented. For the year ended December 31, 2017 For the year ended December 31, 2016 Pre-modification Post-modification Pre-modification Post-modification outstanding outstanding outstanding outstanding Number of recorded recorded Number of recorded recorded ($ in thousands) contracts investment investment contracts investment investment Commercial Manufacturing 1 $ 1,366 $ 1,366 1 $ 50 $ 22 Finance and insurance 1 456 456 - - - Health care 3 577 522 1 100 100 Real estate services 1 3,274 2,899 - - - Construction - - - 4 1,995 1,844 Public administration 1 320 313 - - - Other 17 37,032 34,065 9 7,388 5,275 24 43,025 39,621 15 9,533 7,241 Consumer 1 83 72 1 77 72 Total 25 $ 43,108 $ 39,693 16 $ 9,610 $ 7,313 For the year ended December 31, 2015 Pre-modification Post-modification outstanding outstanding Number of recorded recorded ($ in thousands) contracts investment investment Commercial Manufacturing 2 $ 491 $ 437 Health care 1 200 125 Construction 3 1,738 1,029 Other 15 19,809 15,975 21 22,238 17,566 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 1 1,000 1,000 Consumer 1 148 130 Total 23 $ 23,386 $ 18,696 Troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, resulted primarily from the extension of repayment terms and interest rate reductions. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015, the Company did not charge-off any troubled debt restructurings modified during those years. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company charged-off $1.1 million in loans restructured during the year. Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months having a payment default during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were immaterial. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 there were $4.0 million and $1.6 million in outstanding commitments on restructured loans, respectively. The Company’s recorded investment on nonaccrual loans by class at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is reported in the following table: At December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Commercial Manufacturing $ - $ 2 Finance and insurance 473 25 Health care 718 - Construction 681 234 Other 4,313 1,941 Total commercial 6,185 2,202 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 57 269 Total real estate - mortgage 57 269 Consumer 1,275 167 Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,517 $ 2,638 The following tables summarize the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio at December 31, 2017 and 2016: At December 31, 2017 Recorded investment in loans 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 days or more Days past Days past 90+ Days Total past past due and (in thousands) due due past due due Current Total loans accruing Commercial Manufacturing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 85,187 $ 85,187 $ - Finance and insurance - 456 213 669 41,849 42,518 213 Health care 370 - 113 483 163,302 163,785 - Real estate services 1,503 - 135 1,638 127,209 128,847 135 Construction 721 600 681 2,002 65,988 67,990 - Public administration - - - - 240,077 240,077 - Other 3,463 459 2,302 6,224 515,728 521,952 - 6,057 1,239,340 1,250,356 348 Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 426 689 - 1,115 483,520 484,635 - Residential & commercial investor 875 299 - 1,174 764,614 765,788 - 1,301 988 - 2,289 1,248,134 1,250,423 - Construction & land 730 - - 730 265,351 266,081 - Consumer 1,423 15 1,107 2,545 279,556 282,101 - Other - 2 - 2 98,914 98,916 - Total loans held for investment $ 9,511 $ $ $ $ 3,131,295 $ 3,147,877 $ 348 Unearned net loan fees (2,314) Net loans held for investment $ 3,145,563 At December 31, 2016 Recorded investment in loans 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 days or more Days past Days past 90+ Days Total past past due and (in thousands) due due past due due Current Total loans accruing Commercial Manufacturing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 96,618 $ 96,618 $ - Finance and insurance 456 - 25 481 49,870 50,351 - Health care 500 - - 500 153,523 154,023 - Real estate services - - - - 126,044 126,044 - Construction 260 - - 260 58,458 58,718 - Public administration - - - - 255,997 255,997 - Other 2,941 200 - 3,141 472,109 475,250 - 4,157 200 25 4,382 1,212,619 1,217,001 - Real estate - mortgage Residential & commercial owner-occupied 204 161 - 365 475,158 475,523 - Residential & commercial investor - 225 - 225 695,848 696,073 - 204 386 - 590 1,171,006 1,171,596 - Construction & land - - 657 657 175,081 175,738 657 Consumer 4 63 75 142 266,805 266,947 - Other - - - - 103,616 103,616 - Total loans held for investment $ 4,365 $ 649 $ 757 $ 5,771 $ 2,929,127 $ 2,934,898 $ 657 Unearned net loan fees (793) Net loans held for investment $ 2,934,105 In the ordinary course of business, the Company makes various direct and indirect loans to officers and directors of the Company. Activity with respect to officer and director loans is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. (in thousands) 2017 2016 Balance - beginning of year $ 34,995 $ 34,301 New loan and advances 56,859 48,110 Principal paydowns and payoffs (57,789) (47,416) Balance - end of year $ 34,065 $ 34,995 |