Loans | Loans The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,086,659 $ 563,169 Franchise 660,414 459,421 Commercial owner occupied 1,289,213 454,918 SBA 185,514 88,994 Agribusiness 116,066 — Total business loans 3,337,866 1,566,502 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,243,115 586,975 Multi-family 794,384 690,955 One-to-four family 270,894 100,451 Construction 282,811 269,159 Farmland 145,393 — Land 31,233 19,829 Total real estate loans 2,767,830 1,667,369 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 92,931 4,112 Gross loans held for investment 6,198,627 3,237,983 Plus: Deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and premiums/(discounts), net (2,159 ) 3,630 Loans held for investment 6,196,468 3,241,613 Allowance for loan losses (28,936 ) (21,296 ) Loans held for investment, net $ 6,167,532 $ 3,220,317 Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value $ 23,426 $ 7,711 The Company originates SBA loans with the intent to sell the guaranteed portion of the loan prior to maturity and therefore designates them as held for sale. From time to time, the Company may purchase or sell other types of loans in order to manage concentrations, maximize interest income, change risk profiles, improve returns and generate liquidity. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company’s loan portfolio was collateralized by various forms of real estate and business assets located principally in California. The Company’s loan portfolio contains concentrations of credit in commercial non-owner occupied real estate, multi-family real estate and commercial owner occupied business loans. The Company maintains policies approved by the Board of Directors that address these concentrations and continues to diversify its loan portfolio through loan originations and purchases and sales of loans to meet approved concentration levels. While management believes that the collateral presently securing these loans is adequate, there can be no assurances that further significant deterioration in the California real estate market and economy would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk. Loans Serviced for Others The Company generally retains the servicing rights of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold, for which the Company records a servicing asset at fair value within other assets. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the servicing asset total $8.8 million and $5.3 million , respectively and was included in other assets. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent the fair value is less than the carrying amount. At December 31, 2017 , and 2016 , the Company determined that no valuation allowance was necessary. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The unpaid principal balance of loans and participations serviced for others were $635 million at December 31, 2017 and $303 million at December 31, 2016 . Purchased Credit Impaired Loans The Company has purchased loans, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of those loans at December 31, 2017 , and 2016 was as follows: For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 3,310 $ 2,586 Commercial owner occupied 1,262 491 SBA 1,802 — Total business loans 6,374 3,077 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,650 1,088 One-to-four family 255 1 Construction 517 — Land 83 — Total real estate loans 2,505 1,089 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 10 393 Total purchase credit impaired $ 8,889 $ 4,559 The following table summarizes the accretable yield on the purchased credit impaired for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 : For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (dollars in thousands) Balance at the beginning of period $ 3,747 $ 2,726 $ 1,403 Additions 3,102 788 602 Accretion (2,037 ) (1,354 ) (385 ) Payoffs (2,125 ) 165 (249 ) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 332 1,422 1,355 Balance at the end of period $ 3,019 $ 3,747 $ 2,726 Impaired Loans The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods indicated: Impaired Loans Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,160 $ 1,585 $ — $ 1,160 $ — $ 441 $ — Commercial owner occupied 97 98 97 — 55 153 — SBA 1,201 4,329 — 1,201 — 434 — Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied — — — — — 86 — One-to-four family 817 849 — 817 — 166 — Construction — — — — — 1,017 — Land 9 35 — 9 — 12 — Totals $ 3,284 $ 6,896 $ 97 $ 3,187 $ 55 $ 2,309 $ — December 31, 2016 Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 250 $ 1,990 $ 250 $ — $ 250 $ 864 $ 76 Franchise — — — — — 1,016 68 Commercial owner occupied 436 847 — 436 — 505 37 SBA 316 3,865 — 316 — 331 23 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied — — — — — 1,072 93 One-to-four family 124 291 — 124 — 226 18 Land 15 36 — 15 — 18 2 Totals $ 1,141 $ 7,029 $ 250 $ 891 $ 250 $ 4,032 $ 317 December 31, 2015 Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 313 $ 578 $ — $ 313 $ — $ 90 $ 29 Franchise 1,630 2,394 1,461 169 731 1,386 3 Commercial owner occupied 536 883 — 536 — 415 67 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 214 329 — 214 — 430 19 One-to-four family 70 98 — 70 — 204 5 Land 21 37 — 21 — 13 — Totals $ 2,784 $ 4,319 $ 1,461 $ 1,323 $ 731 $ 2,538 $ 123 The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or it is determined that the likelihood of the Company receiving all scheduled payments, including interest, when due is remote. The Company has no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been impaired. The Company reviews loans for impairment when the loan is classified as substandard or worse, delinquent 90 days, determined by management to be collateral dependent, or when the borrower files bankruptcy or is granted a troubled debt restructure. Measurement of impairment is based on the loan’s expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, measured by reference to an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is deemed collateral dependent. Loans are generally charged-off at the time that the loan is classified as a loss. Valuation allowances are determined on a loan-by-loan basis or by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics. We sometimes modify or restructure loans when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties by making a concession to the borrower in the form of changes in the amortization terms, reductions in the interest rates, the acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, concessions to the outstanding loan balances. These loans are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and considered impaired loans. TDRs are loans modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition or cash flows. A workout plan between us and the borrower is designed to provide a bridge for borrower cash flow shortfalls in the near term. A TDR loan may be returned to accrual status when the loan is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a time frame of at least six months and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest in no longer in doubt. At December 31, 2017 , the Company had a recorded investment in a TDR of $97,000 . The modification of the terms of this relationship included the restructuring of two loans related to one borrower into one loan and an extension of the maturity to three years. There were no TDRs at December 31, 2016 . When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is remote, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. The Company does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the collection of interest. The Company had impaired loans on nonaccrual status of $3.3 million , $1.1 million and $4.0 million at December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. If such loans had been performing in accordance with their original terms, the Company would have recorded additional loan interest income of $155,000 in 2017 , $360,000 in 2016 , and $279,000 in 2015 . The Company did not record income from the receipt of cash payments related to nonaccruing loans during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . The Company had $1.8 million loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2017 , majority of which were PCI loans. Income recognition for PCI loans is accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-30 Receivables -Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. There were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2016 . Credit Quality and Credit Risk The Company’s credit quality is maintained and credit risk managed in two distinct areas. The first is the loan origination process, wherein the Bank underwrites credit quality and chooses which risks it is willing to accept. The second is in the ongoing oversight of the loan portfolio, where existing credit risk is measured and monitored, and where performance issues are dealt with in a timely and comprehensive fashion. The Company maintains a comprehensive credit policy, which sets forth minimum and maximum tolerances for key elements of loan risk. The policy identifies and sets forth specific guidelines for analyzing each of the loan products the Company offers from both an individual and portfolio wide basis. The credit policy is reviewed annually by the Bank Board. The Bank's seasoned underwriters and portfolio managers ensure all key risk factors are analyzed with most loan underwriting including a comprehensive global cash flow analysis. Credit risk is managed within the loan portfolio by the Company’s portfolio managers based on a comprehensive credit and portfolio review policy. This policy requires a program of financial data collection and analysis, comprehensive loan reviews, property and/or business inspections and monitoring of portfolio concentrations and trends. The portfolio managers also monitor asset-based lines of credit, loan covenants and other conditions associated with the Company’s business loans as a means to help identify potential credit risk. Individual loans, excluding the homogeneous loan portfolio, are reviewed at least every two years and in most cases, more often, including the assignment of a risk grade. Risk grades are based on a six -grade Pass scale; along with Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss classifications, as such classifications are defined by the federal banking regulatory agencies. The assignment of risk grades allows the Company to, among other things, identify the risk associated with each credit in the portfolio, and to provide a basis for estimating probable incurred losses inherent in the portfolio. Risk grades are reviewed regularly by the Company’s Credit and Portfolio Review committee, and are reviewed annually by an independent third-party, as well as by regulatory agencies during scheduled examinations. The following provides brief definitions for risk grades assigned to loans in the portfolio: • Pass classifications represent assets with a level of credit quality, which contain no well-defined deficiency or weakness. • Special Mention assets do not currently expose the Bank to a sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the adverse categories, but possess correctable deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention. • Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. OREO acquired from foreclosure are also classified as substandard. • Doubtful credits have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard credits, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. • Loss assets are those that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are promptly charged off. The portfolio managers also manage loan performance risks, collections, workouts, bankruptcies and foreclosures. Loan performance risks are mitigated by our portfolio managers acting promptly and assertively to address problem credits when they are identified. Collection efforts are commenced immediately upon non-payment, and the portfolio managers seek to promptly determine the appropriate steps to minimize the Company’s risk of loss. When foreclosure will maximize the Company’s recovery for a non-performing loan, the portfolio managers will take appropriate action to initiate the foreclosure process. When a loan is graded as special mention or substandard or doubtful, the Company obtains an updated valuation of the underlying collateral. If the credit in question is also identified as impaired, a valuation allowance, if necessary, is established against such loan or a loss is recognized by a charge to the allowance for loan losses if management believes that the full amount of the Company’s recorded investment in the loan is no longer collectable. The Company typically continues to obtain or confirm updated valuations of underlying collateral for special mention and classified loans on an annual basis in order to have the most current indication of fair value. Once a loan is identified as impaired, an analysis of the underlying collateral is performed at least quarterly, and corresponding changes in any related valuation allowance are made or balances deemed to be fully uncollectable are charged-off. The following tables stratify the loan portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the loan portfolio as of the periods indicated: Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Gross Loans December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,063,452 $ 8,163 $ 15,044 $ — $ 1,086,659 Franchise 660,415 — — — 660,415 Commercial owner occupied 1,273,380 654 21,180 — 1,295,214 SBA 199,468 1 3,469 — 202,938 Agribusiness 108,143 4,079 3,844 — 116,066 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,242,045 — 1,070 — 1,243,115 Multi-family 794,156 — 228 — 794,384 One-to-four family 268,776 154 1,964 — 270,894 Construction 282,294 517 — — 282,811 Farmland 144,234 44 1,115 — 145,393 Land 30,979 — 254 — 31,233 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 92,794 — 137 — 92,931 Totals $ 6,160,136 $ 13,612 $ 48,305 $ — $ 6,222,053 Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Gross Loans December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 550,919 $ 8,216 $ 3,784 $ 250 $ 563,169 Franchise 459,421 — — — 459,421 Commercial owner occupied 450,416 281 4,221 — 454,918 SBA 96,190 53 462 — 96,705 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 585,093 810 1,072 — 586,975 Multi-family 681,942 6,610 2,403 — 690,955 One-to-four family 100,010 — 441 — 100,451 Construction 269,159 — — — 269,159 Land 19,814 — 15 — 19,829 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 3,719 — 393 — 4,112 Totals $ 3,216,683 $ 15,970 $ 12,791 $ 250 $ 3,245,694 Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,085,770 $ 84 $ 570 $ 235 $ 1,086,659 $ 1,160 Franchise 660,415 — — — 660,415 — Commercial owner occupied 1,291,254 3,474 486 — 1,295,214 97 SBA 200,821 177 — 1,940 202,938 1,201 Agribusiness 116,066 — — — 116,066 — Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,243,115 — — — 1,243,115 — Multi-family 792,603 1,781 — — 794,384 — One-to-four family 269,725 354 — 815 270,894 817 Construction 282,811 — — — 282,811 — Farmland 145,393 — — — 145,393 — Land 31,141 83 — 9 31,233 9 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 92,880 11 — 40 92,931 — Totals $ 6,211,994 $ 5,964 $ 1,056 $ 3,039 $ 6,222,053 $ 3,284 Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Business Loans Commercial and industrial $ 562,805 $ 104 $ — $ 260 $ 563,169 $ 250 Franchise 459,421 — — — 459,421 — Commercial owner occupied 454,918 — — — 454,918 436 SBA 96,389 — — 316 96,705 316 Real Estate Loans Commercial non-owner occupied 586,975 — — — 586,975 — Multi-family 690,955 — — — 690,955 — One-to-four family 100,314 18 71 48 100,451 124 Construction 269,159 — — — 269,159 — Land 19,814 — — 15 19,829 15 Consumer Loans Consumer loans 4,112 — — — 4,112 — Totals $ 3,244,862 $ 122 $ 71 $ 639 $ 3,245,694 $ 1,141 |