Loans | Loans The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business loans: Commercial and industrial $ 1,364,423 $ 1,086,659 Franchise 765,416 660,414 Commercial owner occupied 1,679,122 1,289,213 SBA 193,882 185,514 Agribusiness 138,519 116,066 Total business loans 4,141,362 3,337,866 Real estate loans: Commercial non-owner occupied 2,003,174 1,243,115 Multi-family 1,535,289 794,384 One-to-four family 356,264 270,894 Construction 523,643 282,811 Farmland 150,502 145,393 Land 46,628 31,233 Total real estate loans 4,615,500 2,767,830 Consumer loans: Consumer loans 89,424 92,931 Gross loans held for investment 8,846,286 6,198,627 Deferred loan origination fees and discounts, net (9,468 ) (2,403 ) Loans held for investment 8,836,818 6,196,224 Allowance for loan losses (36,072 ) (28,936 ) Loans held for investment, net $ 8,800,746 $ 6,167,288 Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value $ 5,719 $ 23,426 The Company originates SBA loans with the intent to sell the guaranteed portion of the loan prior to maturity and, therefore, designates them as held for sale. From time to time, the Company may purchase or sell other types of loans in order to manage concentrations, maximize interest income, change risk profiles, improve returns and generate liquidity. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company’s loan portfolio was collateralized by various forms of real estate and business assets located principally in California, as well as in certain markets in the states of Arizona, Nevada, and Washington where we also have depository offices. The Company’s loan portfolio contains concentrations of credit in commercial non-owner occupied real estate, multi-family real estate and commercial owner occupied business loans. The Company maintains policies approved by the board of directors that address these concentrations and continues to diversify its loan portfolio through loan originations and purchases and sales of loans to meet approved concentration levels. While management believes that the collateral presently securing these loans is adequate, there can be no assurances that significant deterioration in the California real estate market and economy would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk. Loans Serviced for Others The Company generally retains the servicing rights of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold, for which the Company records a servicing asset at fair value and subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or market value. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the servicing asset total $8.5 million and $8.8 million , respectively, and was included in other assets. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent the fair value is less than the carrying amount. At December 31, 2018 , and 2017 , the Company determined that no valuation allowance was necessary. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The unpaid principal balance of loans and participations serviced for others were $635.3 million December 31, 2018 and $634.5 million at December 31, 2017 . Purchased Credit Impaired Loans The Company has purchased loans through the bank acquisitions, for which there was evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of those loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business loans: Commercial and industrial $ 10 $ 3,310 Commercial owner occupied 632 1,262 SBA 1,265 1,802 Total business loans 1,907 6,374 Real estate loans: Commercial non-owner occupied 275 1,650 One-to-four family — 255 Construction — 517 Land — 83 Total real estate loans 275 2,505 Consumer loans: Consumer loans — 10 Total purchase credit impaired $ 2,182 $ 8,889 The following table summarizes the accretable yield on the purchased credit impaired for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 (dollars in thousands) Balance at the beginning of period $ 3,019 $ 3,747 $ 2,726 Additions 1,430 3,102 788 Accretion (532 ) (2,037 ) (1,354 ) Payoffs (1,688 ) (2,125 ) 165 Sales (1,818 ) — — Reclassification from nonaccretable difference — 332 1,422 Balance at the end of period $ 411 $ 3,019 $ 3,747 Impaired Loans The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods indicated: Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2018 Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,023 $ 1,071 $ 550 $ 473 $ 118 $ 1,173 $ 1 Franchise 189 190 — 189 — 119 — Commercial owner occupied 599 628 — 599 — 1,549 — SBA 2,739 7,598 488 2,251 466 1,814 — Agribusiness 7,500 7,500 — 7,500 — 625 35 Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied — — — — — 538 — Multi-family — — — — — 500 — One-to-four family 408 453 — 408 — 1,206 — Land — — — — — 5 — Consumer loans Consumer — — — — — 33 — Totals $ 12,458 $ 17,440 $ 1,038 $ 11,420 $ 584 $ 7,562 $ 36 December 31, 2017 Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,160 $ 1,585 $ — $ 1,160 $ — $ 441 $ — Commercial owner occupied 97 98 97 — 55 153 — SBA 1,201 4,329 — 1,201 — 434 — Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied — — — — — 86 — One-to-four family 817 849 — 817 — 166 — Construction — — — — — 1,017 — Land 9 35 — 9 — 12 — Totals $ 3,284 $ 6,896 $ 97 $ 3,187 $ 55 $ 2,309 $ — December 31, 2016 Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 250 $ 1,990 $ 250 $ — $ 250 $ 864 $ 76 Franchise — — — — — 1,016 68 Commercial owner occupied 436 847 — 436 — 505 37 SBA 316 3,865 — 316 — 331 23 Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied — — — — — 1,072 93 One-to-four family 124 291 — 124 — 226 18 Land 15 36 — 15 — 18 2 Totals $ 1,141 $ 7,029 $ 250 $ 891 $ 250 $ 4,032 $ 317 The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or it is determined that the likelihood of the Company receiving all scheduled payments, including interest, when due is remote. The Company has no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been impaired. The Company reviews loans for impairment when the loan is classified as substandard or worse, delinquent 90 days, determined by management to be collateral dependent, or when the borrower files bankruptcy or is granted a troubled debt restructure. Measurement of impairment is based on the loan’s expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, measured by reference to an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is deemed collateral dependent. Loans are generally charged-off at the time that the loan is classified as a loss. Valuation allowances are determined on a loan-by-loan basis or by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics. We sometimes modify or restructure loans when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties by making a concession to the borrower in the form of changes in the amortization terms, reductions in the interest rates, the acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, concessions to the outstanding loan balances. These loans are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and considered impaired loans. TDRs are loans modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition or cash flows. A workout plan between us and the borrower is designed to provide a bridge for borrower cash flow shortfalls in the near term. A TDR loan may be returned to accrual status when the loan is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a time frame of at least six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest in no longer in doubt. At December 31, 2018 , the Company had no recorded investment in a TDR compared to $97,000 at December 31, 2017 . When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is remote, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. The Company does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the collection of interest. The Company had impaired loans on nonaccrual status of $4.9 million , $3.3 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company did not record income from the receipt of cash payments related to nonaccruing loans during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . The Company had $213,000 of loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2018 , all of which were PCI loans. Income recognition for PCI loans is accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-30 Receivables -Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The Company had $1.8 million in loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2017 . Credit Quality and Credit Risk The Company’s credit quality is maintained and credit risk managed in two distinct areas. The first is the loan origination process, wherein the Bank underwrites credit and chooses which risks it is willing to accept. The second is in the ongoing oversight of the loan portfolio, where existing credit risk is measured and monitored, and where performance issues are dealt with in a timely and comprehensive fashion. The Company maintains a comprehensive credit policy, which sets forth minimum and maximum tolerances for key elements of loan risk. The policy identifies and sets forth specific guidelines for analyzing each of the loan products the Company offers from both an individual and portfolio wide basis. The credit policy is reviewed annually by the Bank Board. The Bank’s seasoned underwriters and portfolio managers ensure all key risk factors are analyzed with most loan underwriting including a comprehensive global cash flow analysis. Credit risk is monitored and managed within the loan portfolio by the Company’s portfolio managers based on a comprehensive credit and portfolio review policy. This policy requires a program of financial data collection and analysis, comprehensive loan reviews, property and/or business inspections and monitoring of portfolio concentrations and trends. The portfolio managers also monitor asset-based lines of credit, loan covenants and other conditions associated with the Company’s business loans as a means to help identify potential credit risk. Individual loans, excluding the homogeneous loan portfolio, are reviewed at least every two years, and in most cases, more often including the assignment of a risk grade. Risk grades are based on a six -grade Pass scale, P1 - P5 and Watch; along with Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss classifications, as such classifications are defined by the federal banking regulatory agencies. The assignment of risk grades allows the Company to, among other things, identify the risk associated with each credit in the portfolio, and to provide a basis for estimating probable incurred losses inherent in the portfolio. Risk grades are reviewed regularly by the Company’s Credit and Portfolio Review committee, and are reviewed annually by an independent third-party, as well as by regulatory agencies during scheduled examinations. The following provides brief definitions for risk grades assigned to loans in the portfolio: • Pass classifications represent assets with a level of credit quality, which contain no well-defined deficiency or weakness. • Special Mention assets do not currently expose the Bank to a sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the adverse categories, but possess correctable deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention. • Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful credits have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard credits, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. • Loss assets are those that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are promptly charged off. The portfolio managers also manage loan performance risks, collections, workouts, bankruptcies and foreclosures. Loan performance risks are mitigated by our portfolio managers acting promptly and assertively to address problem credits when they are identified. Collection efforts are commenced immediately upon non-payment, and the portfolio managers seek to promptly determine the appropriate steps to minimize the Company’s risk of loss. When foreclosure will maximize the Company’s recovery for a non-performing loan, the portfolio managers will take appropriate action to initiate the foreclosure process. When a loan is graded as special mention or substandard or doubtful, the Company obtains an updated valuation of the underlying collateral. If the credit in question is also identified as impaired, a valuation allowance, if necessary, is established against such loan or a loss is recognized by a charge to the allowance for loan losses if management believes that the full amount of the Company’s recorded investment in the loan is no longer collectable. The Company typically continues to obtain or confirm updated valuations of underlying collateral for special mention and classified loans on an annual or biannual basis in order to have the most current indication of fair value. Once a loan is identified as impaired, an analysis of the underlying collateral is performed at least quarterly, and corresponding changes in any related valuation allowance are made or balances deemed to be fully uncollectable are charged-off. The following tables stratify the loan portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, as of the periods indicated: Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Gross Loans December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,340,322 $ 12,005 $ 12,134 $ — $ 1,364,461 Franchise 760,795 4,431 190 — 765,416 Commercial owner occupied 1,660,994 1,580 16,548 — 1,679,122 SBA 189,006 2,289 6,906 — 198,201 Agribusiness 125,355 — 13,164 — 138,519 Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,998,118 731 5,687 — 2,004,536 Multi-family 1,530,567 4,060 662 — 1,535,289 One-to-four family 350,083 728 5,453 — 356,264 Construction 523,643 — — — 523,643 Farmland 150,381 — 121 — 150,502 Land 46,008 132 488 — 46,628 Consumer loans Consumer loans 89,321 — 103 — 89,424 Totals $ 8,764,593 $ 25,956 $ 61,456 $ — $ 8,852,005 Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Gross Loans December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,063,452 $ 8,163 $ 15,044 $ — $ 1,086,659 Franchise 660,415 — — — 660,415 Commercial owner occupied 1,273,380 654 21,180 — 1,295,214 SBA 199,468 1 3,469 — 202,938 Warehouse facilities 108,143 4,079 3,844 — 116,066 Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,242,045 — 1,070 — 1,243,115 Multi-family 794,156 — 228 — 794,384 One-to-four family 268,776 154 1,964 — 270,894 Construction 282,294 517 — — 282,811 Farmland 144,234 44 1,115 — 145,393 Land 30,979 — 254 — 31,233 Consumer loans Consumer loans 92,794 — 137 — 92,931 Totals $ 6,160,136 $ 13,612 $ 48,305 $ — $ 6,222,053 Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,362,017 $ 309 $ 1,204 $ 931 $ 1,364,461 $ 931 Franchise 759,546 5,680 — 190 765,416 190 Commercial owner occupied 1,677,967 343 — 812 1,679,122 599 SBA 195,051 524 — 2,626 198,201 2,739 Agribusiness 138,519 — — — 138,519 — Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied 2,004,536 — — — 2,004,536 — Multi-family 1,535,275 14 — — 1,535,289 — One-to-four family 356,219 30 9 6 356,264 398 Construction 523,643 — — — 523,643 — Farmland 150,502 — — — 150,502 — Land 46,628 — — — 46,628 — Consumer loans Consumer loans 89,249 146 29 — 89,424 — Totals $ 8,839,152 $ 7,046 $ 1,242 $ 4,565 $ 8,852,005 $ 4,857 Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Business loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,085,770 $ 84 $ 570 $ 235 $ 1,086,659 $ 1,160 Franchise 660,415 — — — 660,415 — Commercial owner occupied 1,291,254 3,474 486 — 1,295,214 97 SBA 200,821 177 — 1,940 202,938 1,201 Warehouse facilities 116,066 — — — 116,066 — Real estate loans Commercial non-owner occupied 1,243,115 — — — 1,243,115 — Multi-family 792,603 1,781 — — 794,384 — One-to-four family 269,725 354 — 815 270,894 817 Construction 282,811 — — — 282,811 — Farmland 145,393 — — — 145,393 — Land 31,141 83 — 9 31,233 9 Consumer loans Consumer loans 92,880 11 — 40 92,931 — Totals $ 6,211,994 $ 5,964 $ 1,056 $ 3,039 $ 6,222,053 $ 3,284 |