Loans Held for Investment | Loans Held for Investment The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio for the period indicated: March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate Commercial real estate (“CRE”) non-owner-occupied $ 2,040,198 $ 2,070,141 Multifamily 1,625,682 1,575,726 Construction and land 377,525 438,786 SBA secured by real estate (1) 61,665 68,431 Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,105,070 4,153,084 Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied 1,887,632 1,846,554 Franchise real estate secured 371,428 353,240 SBA secured by real estate (3) 83,640 88,381 Total business loans secured by real estate 2,342,700 2,288,175 Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 1,458,969 1,393,270 Franchise non-real estate secured 547,793 564,357 SBA non-real estate secured 16,265 17,426 Total commercial loans 2,023,027 1,975,053 Retail loans Single family residential (5) 237,180 255,024 Consumer 46,892 50,975 Total retail loans 284,072 305,999 Gross loans held for investment (6) 8,754,869 8,722,311 Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment (7) (115,422 ) (35,698 ) Loans held for investment, net $ 8,639,447 $ 8,686,613 Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value $ 111 $ 1,672 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. (6) Includes unaccreted fair value net purchase discounts of $35.9 million and $40.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. (7) The ACL as of December 31, 2019 was the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. The ACL at March 31, 2020 is accounted for under ASC 326, which is reflective of estimated expected lifetime credit losses. Loans Serviced for Others The Company generally retains the servicing rights of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold, for which the Company records a servicing asset at fair value within its other assets category. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the servicing asset totaled $7.3 million and $7.7 million , respectively, and was included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent the fair value is less than the carrying amount. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the Company determined that no valuation allowance was necessary. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The unpaid principal balance of loans and participations serviced for others were $614.7 million at March 31, 2020 and $633.8 million at December 31, 2019 , including SBA participations serviced for others totaling $455.9 million at March 31, 2020 and $475.3 million at December 31, 2019 . Concentration of Credit Risk As of March 31, 2020 , the Company’s loan portfolio was primarily collateralized by various forms of real estate and business assets located predominately in California. The Company’s loan portfolio contains concentrations of credit in multifamily real estate, commercial non-owner-occupied real estate, commercial owner-occupied real estate loans and commercial and industrial business loans. The Bank maintains policies approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors (the “Bank Board”) that address these concentrations and diversifies its loan portfolio through loan originations, purchases and sales to meet approved concentration levels. While management believes that the collateral presently securing these loans is adequate, there can be no assurances that a significant deterioration in the California real estate market or economy would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk. Under applicable laws and regulations, the Bank may not make secured loans to one borrower in excess of 25% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital plus surplus and likewise in excess of 15% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital plus surplus for unsecured loans. These loans-to-one borrower limitations result in a dollar limitation of $581.5 million for secured loans and $348.9 million for unsecured loans at March 31, 2020 . In order to manage concentration risk, the Bank maintains a house lending limit well below these statutory maximums. At March 31, 2020 , the Bank’s largest aggregate outstanding balance of loans to one borrower was $128.4 million comprised of $101.5 million and $26.9 million of secured CRE non-owner-occupied and unsecured C&I credit, respectively. Credit Quality and Credit Risk Management The Company’s credit quality and credit risk are controlled in two distinct areas. The first is the loan origination process, wherein the Bank underwrites credit quality and chooses which risks it is willing to accept. The Company maintains a comprehensive credit policy, which sets forth maximum tolerances for key elements of loan risk. The policy identifies and sets forth specific guidelines for analyzing each of the loan products the Company offers from both an individual and portfolio-wide basis. The credit policy is reviewed annually by the Bank Board. The Bank’s underwriters ensure key risk factors are analyzed with nearly all underwriting including a comprehensive global cash flow analysis of the prospective borrowers. The second is in the ongoing oversight of the loan portfolio, where existing credit risk is measured and monitored, and where performance issues are dealt with in a timely and comprehensive fashion. Credit risk is managed within the loan portfolio by the Company’s portfolio managers based on a comprehensive credit and portfolio review policy. This policy requires a program of financial data collection and analysis, comprehensive loan reviews, property and/or business inspections and monitoring of portfolio concentrations and trends. The portfolio managers also monitor borrowing bases under asset-based lines of credit, loan covenants and other conditions associated with the Company’s business loans as a means to help identify potential credit risk. Individual loans, excluding the homogeneous loan portfolio, are reviewed at least every two years and in most cases, more often, including the assignment or confirmation of a risk grade. Risk grades are based on a six -grade Pass scale, along with Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss classifications, as such classifications are defined by the regulatory agencies. The assignment of risk grades allows the Company to, among other things, identify the risk associated with each credit in the portfolio, and to provide a basis for estimating credit losses inherent in the portfolio. Risk grades are reviewed regularly with the Company’s Credit and Portfolio Review Committee, and the portfolio management and risk grading process is reviewed on an ongoing basis by an independent loan review function, as well as by regulatory agencies during scheduled examinations. The following provides brief definitions for risk grades assigned to loans in the portfolio: • Pass classifications represent assets with a level of credit quality, in which no well-defined deficiency or weakness exists. • Special Mention assets do not currently expose the Bank to a sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the adverse categories, but possess correctable deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention. • Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. OREO acquired from foreclosure is also classified as Substandard. • Doubtful credits have all the weaknesses inherent in Substandard credits, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. • Loss assets are those that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are promptly charged off. The Bank’s portfolio managers also manage loan performance risks, collections, workouts, bankruptcies and foreclosures. A special department, whose portfolio managers have professional expertise in these areas, typically handles or advises on these types of matters. Loan performance risks are mitigated by our portfolio managers acting promptly and assertively to address problem credits when they are identified. Collection efforts commence immediately upon non-payment, and the portfolio managers seek to promptly determine the appropriate steps to minimize the Company’s risk of loss. When foreclosure will maximize the Company’s recovery for a non-performing loan, the portfolio managers will take appropriate action to initiate the foreclosure process. When a loan is graded as special mention, substandard or doubtful, the Company obtains an updated valuation of the underlying collateral. If, through the Company’s credit risk management process, it is determined the ultimate repayment of a loan will come from the foreclosure upon and ultimate sale of the underlying collateral, the loan is deemed collateral dependent and evaluated individually to determine an appropriate ACL for the loan. The ACL for such loans is measured as the amount by which the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, is less than the amortized cost of the loan. The Company typically continues to obtain or confirm updated valuations of underlying collateral for special mention and classified loans on an annual or biannual basis in order to have the most current indication of fair value of the underlying collateral securing the loan. Additionally, once a loan is identified as collateral dependent, due to the likelihood of foreclosure, and repayment of the loan is expected to come from the eventual sale of the underlying collateral, an analysis of the underlying collateral is performed at least quarterly. Changes in the estimated fair value of the collateral are reflected in the lifetime ACL for the loan. Balances deemed to be uncollectable are promptly charged-off. The following table stratifies the loans held for investment portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading, and by year of origination, as of March 31, 2020 : Term Loans by Vintage 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied Pass $ 104,083 $ 382,006 $ 381,751 $ 302,979 $ 207,185 $ 644,656 $ 11,085 $ — $ 2,033,745 Special mention — — — — — 4,904 — — 4,904 Substandard — — 318 — — 672 559 — 1,549 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Multifamily Pass 105,208 308,369 315,462 241,938 291,126 362,377 987 — 1,625,467 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 215 — — 215 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Construction and land Pass 2,250 118,550 139,340 106,230 — 8,962 391 — 375,723 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 1,802 — $ — — — 1,802 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — SBA secured by real estate (1) Pass 494 10,726 12,324 16,189 7,160 11,032 — — 57,925 Special mention — — — 699 — 271 — — 970 Substandard — — 1,494 — 392 884 — — 2,770 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Total investor loans secured by real estate $ 212,035 $ 819,651 $ 850,689 $ 669,837 $ 505,863 $ 1,033,973 $ 13,022 $ — $ 4,105,070 Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied Pass $ 114,657 $ 315,128 $ 304,390 $ 311,399 $ 268,077 $ 540,945 $ 5,820 $ — $ 1,860,416 Special mention — — — 8,251 — 6,875 — — 15,126 Substandard — — 3,635 727 2,180 5,298 250 — 12,090 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Franchise real estate secured Pass 19,326 87,574 76,587 109,203 31,652 46,184 — — 370,526 Special mention — — — — — 902 — — 902 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — SBA secured by real estate (3) Pass 2,109 7,723 14,253 17,388 11,027 25,896 364 — 78,760 Special mention — — — 1,015 351 466 — — 1,832 Substandard — — — 1,033 413 1,602 — — 3,048 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total loans secured by business real estate $ 136,092 $ 410,425 $ 398,865 $ 449,016 $ 313,700 $ 628,168 $ 6,434 $ — $ 2,342,700 Term Loans by Vintage 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Loans (4) Commercial and industrial Pass $ 31,625 $ 125,432 $ 102,018 $ 103,546 $ 37,006 $ 115,500 $ 899,341 $ 1,574 $ 1,416,042 Special mention — 79 352 2,504 137 1,195 18,254 1,250 23,771 Substandard — 524 2,769 467 1,915 2,443 11,038 — 19,156 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Franchise non-real estate secured Pass 10,261 212,785 125,954 79,395 52,726 47,724 2,062 — 530,907 Special mention — — — 3,914 — 2,861 — — 6,775 Substandard — — — 9,137 — 974 — — 10,111 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — SBA non-real estate secured Pass 265 2,383 1,798 2,258 695 3,737 1,572 285 12,993 Special mention — — — — 293 173 — — 466 Substandard — 88 138 261 — 1,532 787 — 2,806 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Total commercial loans $ 42,151 $ 341,291 $ 233,029 $ 201,482 $ 92,772 $ 176,139 $ 933,054 $ 3,109 $ 2,023,027 Retail Loans Single family residential (5) Pass $ 3,466 $ 11,064 $ 17,759 $ 16,931 $ 38,556 $ 108,224 $ 39,981 — $ 235,981 Special mention — — — — — 649 — — 649 Substandard — — — — — 192 358 — 550 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Consumer loans Pass 89 214 874 38,045 29 3,311 4,282 — 46,844 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 48 — — 48 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — Total retail loans $ 3,555 $ 11,278 $ 18,633 $ 54,976 $ 38,585 $ 112,424 $ 44,621 $ — $ 284,072 Totals gross loans $ 393,833 $ 1,582,645 $ 1,501,216 $ 1,375,311 $ 950,920 $ 1,950,704 $ 997,131 $ 3,109 $ 8,754,869 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. The following tables stratify the loan portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading as of December 31, 2019 : Credit Risk Grades Pass Special Substandard Total Gross December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 2,067,875 $ 1,178 $ 1,088 $ 2,070,141 Multifamily 1,575,510 — 216 1,575,726 Construction and land 438,769 — 17 438,786 SBA secured by real estate (1) 65,835 973 1,623 68,431 Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,147,989 2,151 2,944 4,153,084 Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied 1,831,853 11,167 3,534 1,846,554 Franchise real estate secured 352,319 921 — 353,240 SBA secured by real estate (3) 83,106 1,842 3,433 88,381 Total business loans secured by real estate 2,267,278 13,930 6,967 2,288,175 Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 1,359,662 13,226 20,382 1,393,270 Franchise non-real estate secured 546,594 6,930 10,833 564,357 SBA not secured by real estate 13,933 485 3,008 17,426 Total commercial loans 1,920,189 20,641 34,223 1,975,053 Retail loans Single family residential (5) 254,463 — 561 255,024 Consumer loans 50,921 — 54 50,975 Total retail loans 305,384 — 615 305,999 Total gross loans $ 8,640,840 $ 36,722 $ 44,749 $ 8,722,311 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds . The following tables stratify loans held by investment by delinquencies in the Company’s loan portfolio at the dates indicated: Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 2,037,130 $ 2,191 $ — $ 877 $ 2,040,198 Multifamily 1,625,682 — — — 1,625,682 Construction and land 375,723 — — 1,802 377,525 SBA secured by real estate (1) 58,978 1,147 1,148 392 61,665 Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,097,513 3,338 1,148 3,071 4,105,070 Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied 1,883,996 3,636 — — 1,887,632 Franchise real estate secured 371,428 — — — 371,428 SBA secured by real estate (3) 82,608 — — 1,032 83,640 Total business loans secured by real estate 2,338,032 3,636 — 1,032 2,342,700 Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 1,452,405 1,249 354 4,961 1,458,969 Franchise non-real estate secured 538,651 — — 9,142 547,793 SBA not secured by real estate 15,325 62 — 878 16,265 Total commercial loans 2,006,381 1,311 354 14,981 2,023,027 Retail loans Single family residential (5) 237,180 — — — 237,180 Consumer loans 46,892 — — — 46,892 Total retail loans 284,072 — — — 284,072 Totals $ 8,725,998 $ 8,285 $ 1,502 $ 19,084 $ 8,754,869 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. Days Past Due Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 2,067,874 $ 1,179 $ — $ 1,088 $ 2,070,141 Multifamily 1,575,726 — — — 1,575,726 Construction and land 438,786 — — — 438,786 SBA secured by real estate (1) 68,041 — — 390 68,431 Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,150,427 1,179 — 1,478 4,153,084 Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied 1,846,223 331 — — 1,846,554 Franchise real estate secured 353,240 — — — 353,240 SBA secured by real estate (3) 86,946 — 589 846 88,381 Total business loans secured by real estate 2,286,409 331 589 846 2,288,175 Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 1,389,026 422 826 2,996 1,393,270 Franchise non-real estate secured 555,215 — 9,142 — 564,357 SBA not secured by real estate 16,141 167 — 1,118 17,426 Total commercial loans 1,960,382 589 9,968 4,114 1,975,053 Retail loans Single family residential (5) 255,024 — — — 255,024 Consumer loans 50,967 5 2 1 50,975 Total retail loans 305,991 5 2 1 305,999 Totals loans $ 8,703,209 $ 2,104 $ 10,559 $ 6,439 $ 8,722,311 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. Individually Evaluated Loans Beginning on January 1, 2020, the Company evaluates loans collectively for purposes of determining the ACL in accordance with ASC 326. Collective evaluation is based on aggregating loans deemed to possess similar risk characteristics. In certain instances the Company may identify loans that it believes no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the portfolio. These loans are typically identified from a substandard or worse internal risk grade, since the specific attributes and risks associated with such loans tend to become unique as the credit deteriorates. Such loans are typically nonperforming, modified through a TDR and/or are deemed collateral dependent, where the ultimate repayment of the loan is expected to come from the operation of or eventual sale of the collateral. Loans that are deemed by management to no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the portfolio are evaluated individually for purposes of determining an appropriate lifetime ACL. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach, using the loan’s effective interest rate, for determining the ACL on individually evaluated loans, unless the loan is deemed collateral dependent, which requires evaluation based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. The Company may increase or decrease the ACL for collateral dependent individually evaluated loans based on changes in the estimated fair value of the collateral. Changes in the ACL for all other individually evaluated loans is based substantially on the Company’s evaluation of cash flows expected to be received from such loans. As of March 31, 2020, $22.3 million of loans were individually evaluated, and the ACL attributable to such loans was $1.9 million . At March 31, 2020, $16.3 million of individually evaluated loans were evaluated using a discounted cash flow approach and $6.0 million of individually evaluated loans were evaluated based on the underlying value of the collateral. The Company had individually evaluated loans on nonaccrual status of $20.6 million at March 31, 2020 . Impaired Loans Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company classified loans as impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or it was determined that the likelihood of the Company receiving all scheduled payments, including interest, when due was remote. Credit losses on impaired loans were determined separately based on the guidance in ASC 310. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company accounts for credit losses on all loans in accordance with ASC 326, which eliminates the concept of an impaired loan within the context of determining credit losses, and requires all loans to be evaluated for credit losses collectively. Loans are only evaluated individually when they are deemed to no longer possess similar risk characteristics with other loans within the portfolio. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company reviewed loans for impairment when the loan was classified as substandard or worse, delinquent 90 days, determined by management to be collateral dependent, when the borrower files bankruptcy or is granted a loan modification in a TDR. Measurement of impairment was based on the loan’s expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, measured by reference to an observable market value, if one existed, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan was deemed collateral dependent. Valuation allowances were determined on a loan-by-loan basis or by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics. Charge-offs were recorded when amounts were no longer deemed collectable. The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of the period indicated: Impaired Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 1,184 $ 1,088 $ — $ 1,088 $ — Multifamily — — — — — Construction and land — — — — — SBA secured by real estate (1) 772 390 — 390 — Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied — — — — — Franchise real estate secured — — — — — SBA secured by real estate (3) 1,743 1,517 — 1,517 — Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 7,755 7,529 — 7,529 — Franchise non-real estate secured 10,835 10,834 — 10,834 — SBA non-real estate secured 1,555 1,118 — 1,118 — Retail loans Single family residential (5) 412 366 — 366 — Consumer loans — — — — — Totals $ 24,256 $ 22,842 $ — $ 22,842 $ — ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. The following table presents information on impaired loans and leases, disaggregated by loan segment, for the periods indicated: Impaired Loans Three Months Ended December 31, 2019 March 31, 2019 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (6) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (6) (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 1,061 $ — $ — $ — Multifamily — — — — Construction and land — — — — SBA secured by real estate (1) 422 — 1,889 — Business loans secured by real estate (2) CRE owner-occupied 749 — 576 — Franchise real estate secured — — 3,787 — SBA secured by real estate (3) 1,409 16 280 — Commercial loans (4) Commercial and industrial 11,227 82 9,503 89 Franchise non-real estate secured 3,615 151 189 — SBA non-real estate secured 1,247 — 1,110 — Retail loans Single family residential (5) 367 — 395 — Consumer loans — — 57 — Totals $ 20,097 $ 249 $ 17,786 $ 89 ______________________________ (1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property. (2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property. (4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment. (5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds. (6) Interest income recognized represents interest on accruing loans. The Company had impaired loans on nonaccrual status of $8.5 million at December 31, 2019 . The Company had no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2019 . Troubled Debt Restructurings We sometimes modify or restructure loans when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties by making a concession to the borrower in the form of changes in the amortization terms, reductions in the interest rates, the acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, concessions to the outstanding loan balances. These loans are classified as TDR. TDRs are loans modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition or cash flows. A workout plan between us and the borrower is designed to provide a bridge for borrower cash flow shortfalls in the near term. A TDR loan may be returned to accrual status when the loan is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a time frame of at least six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest in no longer in doubt. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the amortized cost of TDRs totaled $2.3 million and $3.0 million , respectively. TDRs consisted of two loans at March 31, 2020, the same loans reported as TDRs at December 31, 2019. Modifications consisted of terms being modified to extend the maturity date for 24 months or less. One of these TDRs became nonaccrual at March 31, 2020 but both loans were current and on accrual status as of December 31, 2019 . The modification of these loans did not have an impact on their amortized cost. Purchased Credit Deteriorated and Purchased Credit Impaired Loans Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company accounted for purchased credit impaired loans (“PCI loans”) and income recognition thereof in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-30 Receivables-Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. PCI loans are loans that as of the date of their acquisition have experienced deterioration in credit quality between origination and acquisition and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that not all contractually required payments would be collected. Following the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company analyzes acquired loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination. Such loans are classified as purchased credit deteriorated loans. Please also see Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies, of these financial statements for more information concerning the accounting for PCD loans. As of March 31, 2020 there were no PCD loans. As of December 31, 2019, there were $1.2 million of PCI loans, of which none were placed on nonaccrual status. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company measured the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash future flows on PCI loans exceed the estimated fair value of the loan on the date of acquisition as the “accretable yield,” representing the amount of estimated future interest income on the loan. The amount of accretable yield was re-measured at each financial reporting date, representing the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current carrying value of the PCI loan. Following the adoption of ASC 326, the Company accounts for interest income on PCD loans using the interest method, whereby any purchase discounts are accreted into interest income as an adjustment of the loan’s yield. An accretable yield is not determined for PCD loans. Nonaccrual Loans When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is promptly reversed from earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is remote, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least three months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. The Company typically does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of principal or interest. However, when such loans are well secured and in the process of collection, the Company may continue with the accrual of interest. The Company had no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . Nonaccrual loans totaled $20.6 million at March 31, 2020 and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2019. The following tables provide a summary of nonaccrual loans as of the date indicated: Nonaccrual Loans (1) Collateral Dependent Loans ACL Non-Collateral Dependent Loans ACL Total Nonaccrual Loans (2) Nonaccrual Loans With No ACL March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Investor loans secured by real estate CRE non-owner-occupied $ 318 $ — $ 559 $ — $ 877 $ 877 Multifamily — — — — — — Construction and land 1,802 — — — 1,802 1,802 SBA secured by real estate (3) 392 — — — 392 392 Total investor loans secured by real estate 2,512 — 559 — 3,071 3,071 Business loans secured by real estate (4) CRE owner-occupied — — 322 27 322 — Franchise real estate secured — — — — — |