Allowance for Loan Losses | Allowance for Loan Losses Our provision for loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 4,556 $ 87,310 $ 91,866 Total provision 143 27,354 27,497 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (529 ) (14,121 ) (14,650 ) Recoveries — 1,361 1,361 Net charge-offs (529 ) (12,760 ) (13,289 ) Loan sales (1) — (1,871 ) (1,871 ) Ending Balance $ 4,170 $ 100,033 $ 104,203 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 43,001 $ 43,001 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,170 $ 57,032 $ 61,202 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 231,286 $ 231,286 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,143,595 $ 10,608,975 $ 11,752,570 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.25 % 0.83 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.36 % 0.92 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.50 % 1.50 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.97 1.96 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,143,595 $ 10,840,261 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 839,090 $ 6,118,678 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 836,585 $ 6,657,228 ____________ (1) Represents fair value write-downs on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 6,212 $ 54,315 $ 60,527 Total provision 291 14,607 14,898 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (761 ) (4,378 ) (5,139 ) Recoveries — — — Net charge-offs (761 ) (4,378 ) (5,139 ) Loan sales (1) — (4,571 ) (4,571 ) Ending Balance $ 5,742 $ 59,973 $ 65,715 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 2,966 $ 2,966 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,742 $ 57,007 $ 62,749 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 13,115 $ 13,115 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,317,963 $ 7,816,305 $ 9,134,268 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.32 % 0.39 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.44 % 0.77 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.61 % 1.31 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.89 3.42 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,317,963 $ 7,829,420 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 953,620 $ 4,453,775 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 945,230 $ 4,575,143 ____________ (1) Represents fair value write-downs on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. Allowance for Loan Losses Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 5,268 $ 78,574 $ 83,842 Total provision 1,044 58,629 59,673 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (2,142 ) (36,127 ) (38,269 ) Recoveries — 4,529 4,529 Net charge-offs (2,142 ) (31,598 ) (33,740 ) Loan sales (1) — (5,572 ) (5,572 ) Ending Balance $ 4,170 $ 100,033 $ 104,203 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 43,001 $ 43,001 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,170 $ 57,032 $ 61,202 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 231,286 $ 231,286 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,143,595 $ 10,608,975 $ 11,752,570 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.33 % 0.72 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.36 % 0.92 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.50 % 1.50 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.46 2.37 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,143,595 $ 10,840,261 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 868,649 $ 5,848,345 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 836,585 $ 6,657,228 ____________ (1) Represents fair value write-downs on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. Allowance for Loan Losses Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 6,318 $ 61,763 $ 68,081 Total provision 1,482 53,589 55,071 Charge-offs (2,058 ) (4,378 ) (6,436 ) Loan sales (1) — (51,001 ) (51,001 ) Ending Balance $ 5,742 $ 59,973 $ 65,715 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 2,966 $ 2,966 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,742 $ 57,007 $ 62,749 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 13,115 $ 13,115 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,317,963 $ 7,816,305 $ 9,134,268 Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.28 % 0.13 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.44 % 0.77 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.61 % 1.31 % Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized) 2.09 10.27 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,317,963 $ 7,829,420 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 980,733 $ 4,408,852 Ending loans in repayment (3) $ 945,230 $ 4,575,143 ____________ (1) Represents fair value write-downs on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. In the first nine months after a loan enters full principal and interest repayment, the loan may be in forbearance for up to six months without it being classified as a TDR. Once the initial nine -month period described above is over, however, any loan that receives more than three months of forbearance in a twenty-four month period is classified as a TDR. Also, a loan becomes a TDR when it is modified to reduce the interest rate on the loan (regardless of when such modification occurs and/or whether such interest rate reduction is temporary). The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan. Approximately 22 percent and 10 percent of the loans granted forbearance as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, have been classified as TDRs due to their forbearance status. Prior to the Spin-Off, we did not have TDR loans because the loans generally were sold to a now unrelated affiliate in the same month that the terms were restructured. Subsequent to May 1, 2014, we have individually assessed $251 million of Private Education Loans as TDRs. When these TDR loans are determined to be impaired, we provide for an allowance for losses sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan's basis and the present value of expected future cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery assumptions) discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate. Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event of default, and therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk perspective at any point in their life cycle prior to claim payment, and we continue to accrue interest on those loans through the date of claim. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, all our TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans. Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Allowance September 30, 2015 TDR Loans $ 234,360 $ 231,286 $ 43,001 December 31, 2014 TDR Loans $ 60,278 $ 59,402 $ 9,815 The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 210,039 $ 4,198 $ 8,740 $ 129 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 150,240 $ 9,314 $ 3,958 $ 160 The following table provides information regarding the loan status of TDR loans and the aging of TDR loans that are past due. September 30, December 31, 2015 2014 Balance % Balance % TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 4,940 $ 2,915 TDR loans in forbearance (2) 50,878 18,620 TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: Loans current 154,984 88.3 % 34,554 91.2 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (3) 11,042 6.3 1,953 5.2 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (3) 6,336 3.6 983 2.6 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (3) 3,106 1.8 377 1.0 Total TDR loans in repayment 175,468 100.0 % 37,867 100.0 % Total TDR loans, gross $ 231,286 $ 59,402 _____ (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. The following tables provides the amount of modified loans (which includes forbearance and reductions in interest rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 49,975 $ 3,456 $ 16,719 $ 7,840 $ 87 $ 252 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 189,066 $ 5,845 $ 29,895 $ 14,880 $ 87 $ 320 _____ (1) Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. Key Credit Quality Indicators For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, loan status, and loan seasoning. The FICO scores are assessed at origination and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan's term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators. Private Education Loans Credit Quality Indicators September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Credit Quality Indicators: Balance (1) % of Balance Balance (1) % of Balance Cosigners: With cosigner $ 9,748,371 90 % $ 7,465,339 90 % Without cosigner 1,091,890 10 846,037 10 Total $ 10,840,261 100 % $ 8,311,376 100 % FICO at Origination: Less than 670 $ 706,688 6 % $ 558,801 7 % 670-699 1,582,381 15 1,227,860 15 700-749 3,470,300 32 2,626,238 32 Greater than or equal to 750 5,080,892 47 3,898,477 46 Total $ 10,840,261 100 % $ 8,311,376 100 % Seasoning (2) : 1-12 payments $ 3,575,055 33 % $ 2,373,117 29 % 13-24 payments 1,729,120 16 1,532,042 18 25-36 payments 871,590 8 755,143 9 37-48 payments 411,596 4 411,493 5 More than 48 payments 281,508 2 212,438 3 Not yet in repayment 3,971,392 37 3,027,143 36 Total $ 10,840,261 100 % $ 8,311,376 100 % (1) Balance represents gross Private Education Loans. (2) Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default; therefore, there are no key credit quality indicators associated with FFELP Loans. Included within our FFELP portfolio as of September 30, 2015 are $700 million of FFELP rehabilitation loans. These loans have previously defaulted but have subsequently been brought current according to a loan rehabilitation agreement. The credit performance on rehabilitation loans is worse than the remainder of our FFELP portfolio. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, 61 percent and 62 percent , respectively, of our FFELP portfolio consisted of rehabilitation loans. The following tables provide information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans and the aging of our past due Private Education Loans. Loans in repayment include loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. Private Education Loans September 30, December 31, 2015 2014 Balance % Balance % Loans in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 3,971,392 $ 3,027,143 Loans in forbearance (2) 211,641 135,018 Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: Loans current 6,529,855 98.1 % 5,045,600 98.0 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (3) 79,794 1.2 63,873 1.2 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (3) 34,743 0.5 29,041 0.6 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (3) 12,836 0.2 10,701 0.2 Total loans in repayment 6,657,228 100.0 % 5,149,215 100.0 % Total loans, gross 10,840,261 8,311,376 Deferred origination costs 26,283 13,845 Total loans 10,866,544 8,325,221 Allowance for loan losses (100,033 ) (78,574 ) Total loans, net $ 10,766,511 $ 8,246,647 Percentage of loans in repayment 61.4 % 62.0 % Delinquencies as a percentage of loans in repayment 1.9 % 2.0 % Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance 3.1 % 2.6 % (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. Accrued Interest Receivable The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due portfolio for all periods presented. Private Education Loan Accrued Interest Receivable Total Interest Receivable Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Allowance for Uncollectible Interest September 30, 2015 $ 606,218 $ 489 $ 2,979 December 31, 2014 $ 445,710 $ 443 $ 3,517 |