Allowance for Loan Losses | Allowance for Loan Losses Our provision for loan losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 3,629 $ 122,620 $ 126,249 Total provision (985 ) 42,362 41,377 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (347 ) (23,903 ) (24,250 ) Recoveries — 3,082 3,082 Net charge-offs (347 ) (20,821 ) (21,168 ) Loan sales (1) — (1,533 ) (1,533 ) Ending Balance $ 2,297 $ 142,628 $ 144,925 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 63,370 $ 63,370 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,297 $ 79,258 $ 81,555 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 400,969 $ 400,969 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,061,517 $ 11,889,740 $ 12,951,257 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.18 % 1.05 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.22 % 1.16 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.30 % 1.78 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.65 1.71 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,061,517 $ 12,290,709 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 786,818 $ 7,894,340 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 773,321 $ 8,029,034 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 4,569 $ 85,236 $ 89,805 Total provision 466 15,092 15,558 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (479 ) (13,278 ) (13,757 ) Recoveries — 1,780 1,780 Net charge-offs (479 ) (11,498 ) (11,977 ) Loan sales (1) — (1,520 ) (1,520 ) Ending Balance $ 4,556 $ 87,310 $ 91,866 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 32,446 $ 32,446 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,556 $ 54,864 $ 59,420 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 187,143 $ 187,143 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,178,876 $ 9,125,794 $ 10,304,670 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.22 % 0.81 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.39 % 0.94 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.54 % 1.54 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 2.38 1.90 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,178,876 $ 9,312,937 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 861,453 $ 5,712,559 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 836,545 $ 5,666,645 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 3,691 $ 108,816 $ 112,507 Total provision (664 ) 76,201 75,537 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (730 ) (42,907 ) (43,637 ) Recoveries — 4,125 4,125 Net charge-offs (730 ) (38,782 ) (39,512 ) Loan sales (1) — (3,607 ) (3,607 ) Ending Balance $ 2,297 $ 142,628 $ 144,925 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 63,370 $ 63,370 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,297 $ 79,258 $ 81,555 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 400,969 $ 400,969 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,061,517 $ 11,889,740 $ 12,951,257 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.18 % 1.01 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.22 % 1.16 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.30 % 1.78 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.57 1.84 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,061,517 $ 12,290,709 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 794,665 $ 7,695,889 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 773,321 $ 8,029,034 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 5,268 $ 78,574 $ 83,842 Total provision 901 31,275 32,176 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (1,613 ) (22,005 ) (23,618 ) Recoveries — 3,168 3,168 Net charge-offs (1,613 ) (18,837 ) (20,450 ) Loan sales (1) — (3,702 ) (3,702 ) Ending Balance $ 4,556 $ 87,310 $ 91,866 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 32,446 $ 32,446 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,556 $ 54,864 $ 59,420 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 187,143 $ 187,143 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,178,876 $ 9,125,794 $ 10,304,670 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.37 % 0.66 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.39 % 0.94 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.54 % 1.54 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.41 2.32 Ending total loans, gross $ 1,178,876 $ 9,312,937 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 880,953 $ 5,667,912 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 836,545 $ 5,666,645 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan. Approximately 24 percent and 23 percent of the loans granted forbearance as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, have been classified as TDRs due to their forbearance status. For additional information, see Note 6, “Allowance for Loan Losses” in our 2015 Form 10-K. Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event of default and, therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk perspective at any point in their life cycle prior to claim payment, and continue to accrue interest on those loans through the date of claim. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , all of our TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans. Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Allowance June 30, 2016 TDR Loans $ 406,152 $ 400,969 $ 63,370 December 31, 2015 TDR Loans $ 269,628 $ 265,831 $ 43,480 The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 June 30, 2015 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 364,882 $ 6,697 $ 155,763 $ 3,206 Six Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 June 30, 2015 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 332,292 $ 12,280 $ 121,690 $ 5,116 The following table provides information regarding the loan status of TDR loans. June 30, December 31, 2016 2015 Balance % Balance % TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 12,937 $ 6,869 TDR loans in forbearance (2) 59,834 43,756 TDR loans in repayment (3) and percentage of each status: Loans current 292,740 89.2 % 185,936 86.4 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (4) 17,134 5.2 14,948 6.9 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (4) 12,150 3.7 9,239 4.3 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (4) 6,174 1.9 5,083 2.4 Total TDR loans in repayment 328,198 100.0 % 215,206 100.0 % Total TDR loans, gross $ 400,969 $ 265,831 _____ (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. (4) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. The following table provides the amount of modified loans (which includes forbearance and reductions in interest rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 92,782 $ 5,464 $ 21,388 $ 75,183 $ 1,740 $ 8,394 Six Months Ended Six Months Ended Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 153,848 $ 10,432 $ 47,089 $ 139,091 $ 2,388 $ 13,177 _____ (1) Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. Key Credit Quality Indicators For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status and loan seasoning. The FICO scores are assessed at original approval and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan's term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators. Private Education Loans Credit Quality Indicators June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Credit Quality Indicators: Balance (1) % of Balance Balance (1) % of Balance Cosigners: With cosigner $ 11,035,215 90 % $ 9,515,136 90 % Without cosigner 1,255,494 10 1,081,301 10 Total $ 12,290,709 100 % $ 10,596,437 100 % FICO at Original Approval: Less than 670 $ 796,650 6 % $ 700,779 7 % 670-699 1,804,573 15 1,554,959 15 700-749 3,978,560 32 3,403,823 32 Greater than or equal to 750 5,710,926 47 4,936,876 46 Total $ 12,290,709 100 % $ 10,596,437 100 % Seasoning (2) : 1-12 payments $ 3,751,609 30 % $ 3,059,901 29 % 13-24 payments 2,299,536 19 2,096,412 20 25-36 payments 1,198,402 10 1,084,818 10 37-48 payments 567,240 4 513,125 5 More than 48 payments 453,680 4 414,217 4 Not yet in repayment 4,020,242 33 3,427,964 32 Total $ 12,290,709 100 % $ 10,596,437 100 % (1) Balance represents gross Private Education Loans. (2) Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due. The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans. Loans in repayment include loans making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Private Education Loans June 30, December 31, 2016 2015 Balance % Balance % Loans in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 4,020,242 $ 3,427,964 Loans in forbearance (2) 241,433 241,207 Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: Loans current 7,860,994 97.9 % 6,773,095 97.8 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (3) 87,990 1.1 91,129 1.3 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (3) 56,377 0.7 42,048 0.6 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (3) 23,673 0.3 20,994 0.3 Total Private Education Loans in repayment 8,029,034 100.0 % 6,927,266 100.0 % Total Private Education loans, gross 12,290,709 10,596,437 Private Education Loans deferred origination costs 35,212 27,884 Total Private Education Loans 12,325,921 10,624,321 Private Education Loans allowance for losses (142,628 ) (108,816 ) Private Education Loans, net $ 12,183,293 $ 10,515,505 Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 65.3 % 65.4 % Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 2.1 % 2.2 % Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment and forbearance 2.9 % 3.4 % (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. Accrued Interest Receivable The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due Private Education Loan portfolio for all periods presented. Private Education Loan Accrued Interest Receivable Total Interest Receivable Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Allowance for Uncollectible Interest June 30, 2016 $ 695,680 $ 895 $ 3,241 December 31, 2015 $ 542,919 $ 791 $ 3,332 |