Allowance for Loan Losses | Allowance for Loan Losses Our provision for credit losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Personal Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 1,113 $ 252,103 $ 18,907 $ 272,123 Total provision 252 46,264 16,378 62,894 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (292 ) (42,270 ) (2,872 ) (45,434 ) Recoveries — 5,598 96 5,694 Net charge-offs (292 ) (36,672 ) (2,776 ) (39,740 ) Loan sales (1) — — — — Ending Balance $ 1,073 $ 261,695 $ 32,509 $ 295,277 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 113,343 $ — $ 113,343 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,073 $ 148,352 $ 32,509 $ 181,934 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,121,816 $ — $ 1,121,816 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 885,357 $ 17,566,211 $ 966,080 $ 19,417,648 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.17 % 1.14 % 1.36 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.12 % 1.40 % 3.37 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.16 % 2.02 % 3.37 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 0.92 1.78 2.93 Ending total loans, gross $ 885,357 $ 18,688,027 $ 966,080 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 698,197 $ 12,909,623 $ 815,741 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 680,802 $ 12,979,523 $ 966,080 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Personal Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 1,637 $ 185,103 $ 346 $ 187,086 Total provision 228 49,166 492 49,886 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (259 ) (32,728 ) (20 ) (33,007 ) Recoveries — 4,396 — 4,396 Net charge-offs (259 ) (28,332 ) (20 ) (28,611 ) Loan sales (1) — (913 ) — (913 ) Ending Balance $ 1,606 $ 205,024 $ 818 $ 207,448 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 95,177 $ — $ 95,177 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,606 $ 109,847 $ 818 $ 112,271 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 803,456 $ — $ 803,456 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 967,237 $ 14,876,001 $ 69,508 $ 15,912,746 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.14 % 1.08 % 0.13 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.17 % 1.31 % 1.18 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.21 % 1.93 % 1.18 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.55 1.81 10.23 Ending total loans, gross $ 967,237 $ 15,679,457 $ 69,508 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 757,186 $ 10,523,225 $ 61,439 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 765,980 $ 10,615,105 $ 69,508 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Personal Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 1,132 $ 243,715 $ 6,628 $ 251,475 Total provision 483 88,134 29,826 118,443 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (542 ) (79,623 ) (4,072 ) (84,237 ) Recoveries — 10,685 127 10,812 Net charge-offs (542 ) (68,938 ) (3,945 ) (73,425 ) Loan sales (1) — (1,216 ) — (1,216 ) Ending Balance $ 1,073 $ 261,695 $ 32,509 $ 295,277 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 113,343 $ — $ 113,343 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,073 $ 148,352 $ 32,509 $ 181,934 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,121,816 $ — $ 1,121,816 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 885,357 $ 17,566,211 $ 966,080 $ 19,417,648 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.15 % 1.08 % 1.17 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.12 % 1.40 % 3.37 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.16 % 2.02 % 3.37 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 0.99 1.90 4.12 Ending total loans, gross $ 885,357 $ 18,688,027 $ 966,080 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 709,010 $ 12,810,072 $ 673,552 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 680,802 $ 12,979,523 $ 966,080 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Allowance for Loan Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 FFELP Loans Private Education Loans Personal Loans Total Allowance for Loan Losses Beginning balance $ 2,171 $ 182,472 $ 58 $ 184,701 Total provision (88 ) 75,986 780 76,678 Net charge-offs: Charge-offs (477 ) (58,955 ) (20 ) (59,452 ) Recoveries — 7,655 — 7,655 Net charge-offs (477 ) (51,300 ) (20 ) (51,797 ) Loan sales (1) — (2,134 ) — (2,134 ) Ending Balance $ 1,606 $ 205,024 $ 818 $ 207,448 Allowance: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 95,177 $ — $ 95,177 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 1,606 $ 109,847 $ 818 $ 112,271 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 803,456 $ — $ 803,456 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 967,237 $ 14,876,001 $ 69,508 $ 15,912,746 Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) (2) 0.12 % 0.99 % 0.08 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.17 % 1.31 % 1.18 % Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment (2) 0.21 % 1.93 % 1.18 % Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.68 2.00 20.45 Ending total loans, gross $ 967,237 $ 15,679,457 $ 69,508 Average loans in repayment (2) $ 765,347 $ 10,375,463 $ 47,654 Ending loans in repayment (2) $ 765,980 $ 10,615,105 $ 69,508 ____________ (1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. (2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan. Once a loan qualifies for TDR status, it remains a TDR for allowance purposes for the remainder of its life. As of June 30, 2018 , and December 31, 2017 , approximately 61 percent and 66 percent , respectively, of TDRs were classified as such due to their forbearance status. For additional information, see Note 6, “Allowance for Loan Losses” in our 2017 Form 10-K. Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event of default and, therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk perspective at any point in their life cycle prior to claim payment and continue to accrue interest on those loans through the date of claim. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , all TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans. Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Allowance June 30, 2018 TDR Loans $ 1,139,417 $ 1,121,816 $ 113,343 December 31, 2017 TDR Loans $ 1,007,141 $ 990,351 $ 94,682 The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans. Three Months Ended 2018 2017 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 1,105,042 $ 18,718 $ 766,171 $ 14,310 Six Months Ended 2018 2017 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized TDR Loans $ 1,069,721 $ 36,565 $ 718,727 $ 26,567 The following table provides information regarding the loan status and aging of TDR loans. June 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Balance % Balance % TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 57,595 $ 51,745 TDR loans in forbearance (2) 59,682 69,652 TDR loans in repayment (3) and percentage of each status: Loans current 917,138 91.3 % 774,222 89.1 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (4) 45,080 4.5 48,377 5.6 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (4) 25,580 2.5 28,778 3.3 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (4) 16,741 1.7 17,577 2.0 Total TDR loans in repayment 1,004,539 100.0 % 868,954 100.0 % Total TDR loans, gross $ 1,121,816 $ 990,351 _____ (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. (4) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. The following table provides the amount of modified loans (which include forbearance and reductions in interest rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as more than 60 days past due for this disclosure. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 116,478 $ 12,764 $ 18,254 $ 134,489 $ 12,215 $ 23,679 Six Months Ended Six Months Ended Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default Modified Loans (1) Charge-offs Payment- Default TDR Loans $ 200,652 $ 28,224 $ 47,988 $ 246,695 $ 22,738 $ 49,113 _____ (1) Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. Private Education Loan Key Credit Quality Indicators FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default; therefore, there are no key credit quality indicators associated with FFELP Loans. For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status and loan seasoning. The FICO scores are assessed at original approval and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan’s term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators. Private Education Loans Credit Quality Indicators June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Credit Quality Indicators: Balance (1) % of Balance Balance (1) % of Balance Cosigners: With cosigner $ 16,757,587 90 % $ 15,658,539 90 % Without cosigner 1,930,440 10 1,773,628 10 Total $ 18,688,027 100 % $ 17,432,167 100 % FICO at Original Approval (2) : Less than 670 $ 1,256,273 7 % $ 1,153,591 6 % 670-699 2,814,316 15 2,596,959 15 700-749 6,152,102 33 5,714,554 33 Greater than or equal to 750 8,465,336 45 7,967,063 46 Total $ 18,688,027 100 % $ 17,432,167 100 % Seasoning (3) : 1-12 payments $ 4,837,671 26 % $ 4,256,592 24 % 13-24 payments 3,209,308 17 3,229,465 19 25-36 payments 2,471,002 13 2,429,238 14 37-48 payments 1,582,586 9 1,502,327 9 More than 48 payments 1,337,067 7 1,256,813 7 Not yet in repayment 5,250,393 28 4,757,732 27 Total $ 18,688,027 100 % $ 17,432,167 100 % (1) Balance represents gross Private Education Loans. (2) Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower. (3) Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due. The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans. Loans in repayment include loans making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. Private Education Loans June 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Balance % Balance % Loans in-school/grace/deferment (1) $ 5,250,393 $ 4,757,732 Loans in forbearance (2) 458,111 468,402 Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: Loans current 12,697,362 97.8 % 11,911,128 97.6 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (3) 166,322 1.3 179,002 1.5 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (3) 75,534 0.6 78,292 0.6 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (3) 40,305 0.3 37,611 0.3 Total Private Education Loans in repayment 12,979,523 100.0 % 12,206,033 100.0 % Total Private Education Loans, gross 18,688,027 17,432,167 Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount) 61,908 56,378 Total Private Education Loans 18,749,935 17,488,545 Private Education Loans allowance for losses (261,695 ) (243,715 ) Private Education Loans, net $ 18,488,240 $ 17,244,830 Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 69.5 % 70.0 % Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 2.2 % 2.4 % Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment and forbearance 3.4 % 3.7 % (1) Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). (2) Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. (3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. Personal Loan Key Credit Quality Indicators For Personal Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, loan seasoning and loan status. The FICO scores are assessed at original approval and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan’s term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Personal Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators. Personal Loans Credit Quality Indicators June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Credit Quality Indicators: Balance (1) % of Balance Balance (1) % of Balance FICO at Original Approval: Less than 670 $ 70,773 7 % $ 32,156 8 % 670-699 275,210 29 114,731 29 700-749 441,824 46 182,025 45 Greater than or equal to 750 178,273 18 71,368 18 Total $ 966,080 100 % $ 400,280 100 % Seasoning (2) : 0-12 payments $ 932,863 97 % $ 400,280 100 % 13-24 payments 33,217 3 — — 25-36 payments — — — — 37-48 payments — — — — More than 48 payments — — — — Total $ 966,080 100 % $ 400,280 100 % (1) Balance represents gross Personal Loans. (2) Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due. The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Personal Loans. Personal Loans June 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Balance % Balance % Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: Loans current $ 960,865 99.5 % $ 398,988 99.7 % Loans delinquent 31-60 days (1) 2,376 0.2 761 0.2 Loans delinquent 61-90 days (1) 1,594 0.2 340 0.1 Loans delinquent greater than 90 days (1) 1,245 0.1 191 — Total Personal Loans in repayment 966,080 100.0 % 400,280 100.0 % Total Personal Loans, gross 966,080 400,280 Personal Loans unamortized discount (10 ) — Total Personal Loans 966,070 400,280 Personal Loans allowance for losses (32,509 ) (6,628 ) Personal Loans, net $ 933,561 $ 393,652 Delinquencies as a percentage of Personal Loans in repayment 0.5 % 0.3 % _______ (1) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. Accrued Interest Receivable The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due Private Education Loan portfolio for all periods presented. Private Education Loans Accrued Interest Receivable Total Interest Receivable Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Allowance for Uncollectible Interest June 30, 2018 $ 1,141,135 $ 1,530 $ 5,852 December 31, 2017 $ 951,138 $ 1,372 $ 4,664 |