ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block] | NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business Luminex Corporation, the “Company” or “Luminex,” develops, manufactures and sells proprietary biological testing technologies and products with applications throughout the life sciences industries, including diagnostics, pharmaceutical and research. These industries depend on a broad range of tests, called assays, to perform diagnostic testing and conduct life science research. The Company established a position in several segments of the life sciences industries by developing and delivering products that satisfy a variety of customer needs in specific market segments, including multiplexing, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, reduction of labor and ability to test for proteins and nucleic acids. These needs are addressed by the Company’s proprietary technologies. Multiplexing, the foundation of the Company, allows the end user in a laboratory to generate multiple laboratory results from a single sample with a single assay. This is important because the Company’s end user customers, which include laboratory professionals performing discovery and research and clinical laboratories performing tests on patients as ordered by physicians and other laboratories, have a fundamental need to perform high quality testing as efficiently as possible. Until the availability of multiplexing technology, the laboratory professional had to perform one assay at a time in a sequential manner, and if additional testing was required on a sample, a second assay would be performed to generate the second result, and so on until all the necessary tests were performed. The Company primarily serves the life sciences industries by marketing products, including our specific testing equipment and assays, to various types of testing laboratories. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 82 strategic partners, 54 of which have released commercialized reagent-based products utilizing the Company’s technology. Luminex and these partners have sold approximately 17,900 xMAP-based instruments in laboratories worldwide as of December 31, 2020, some of which may be retired or otherwise not in use. The Company’s remaining partners are in various stages of development and commercialization of products incorporating the Company’s technology. A primary focus for the Company’s growth is the development and sale of molecular diagnostic assays utilizing the Company’s proprietary MultiCode and VERIGENE technologies for use on the Company’s installed base of systems. The Company utilizes a direct sales model for sales of these products, which is intended to take advantage of the Company’s increasing installed base of instruments. Luminex’s assays are primarily focused on multiplexed applications for the human molecular clinical diagnostics market. Luminex’s assays are currently focused on three segments of the molecular diagnostic testing market: infectious disease, personalized medicine and human genetics. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts and results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the financial statements. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Investments The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair values of financial instruments are determined by obtaining non-binding market prices from the Company’s third-party portfolio managers on the last day of the quarter, whose sources may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly in determining fair value. The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, equity-method investments, long-term investments, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The fair values of these financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying or contract values at December 31, 2020 and 2019. See Note 6 for further details concerning fair value measurements. Supplemental Cash Flow Statement Information (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 Cash paid during the period for taxes $ 2,141 $ 1,206 $ 2,214 Cash paid during the period for interest and penalties 3,969 29 17 Effect of acquisitions: Fair value of tangible assets acquired — 2,657 13,262 Liabilities assumed — (1,915) (5,082) Cost in excess of fair value of assets acquired — 18 32,647 Acquired identifiable intangible assets — 609 26,797 Deferred tax liabilities, net — 731 (4,433) In-process research and development — (4,016) 6,703 Total purchase price — (1,916) 69,894 Less cash and cash equivalents acquired — — 4,513 Net cash paid for business acquisition $ — $ (1,916) $ 65,381 Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of short-term and long-term investments and trade receivables. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a number of its customers geographically dispersed primarily throughout the U.S. The Company attempts to limit its credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintaining adequate allowances for potential credit losses, but the Company does not require collateral. One customer accounted for 10%, 12% and 14% of our total revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Another customer accounted for 4%, 5% and 15% of our total revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues in 2020, 2019 or 2018. Inventories Inventories, consisting primarily of raw materials and purchased components, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined according to the standard cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. As a developer and manufacturer of high technology medical equipment, the Company may be exposed to a number of economic and industry factors that could result in portions of inventory becoming either obsolete or in excess of anticipated usage. These factors include, but are not limited to, technological changes in the Company’s markets, ability to meet changing customer requirements, competitive pressures on products and prices, and reliability and replacement of and the availability of key components from suppliers. The Company’s policy is to establish inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest that inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon the Company’s assumptions about future demand for products and market conditions. The Company regularly evaluates the ability to realize the value of inventory based on a combination of factors including the following: historical usage rates, forecasted sales or usage, product expiration or end of life dates, estimated current and future market values and new product introductions. Assumptions used in determining the Company’s estimates of future product demand may prove to be incorrect, in which case the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory would have to be adjusted. If inventory is determined to be above the lower of cost or net realizable value, excess or obsolete, the Company would be required to record impairment charges within cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. Although considerable effort is made to ensure the accuracy of forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or expected usage could have a significant negative impact on the value of inventory and the Company’s operating results. When recorded, reserves are intended to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated amounts for amortization and depreciation. Property and equipment are typically amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets, which typically range from two to seven years. Leasehold improvements and equipment under capital leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvements and equipment. The Company classifies the carrying value of Luminex’s xMAP, ARIES and VERIGENE Systems placed within the reagent rental program and the instruments on loan to customers in property and equipment as “Assets on loan/rental.” Leases With the adoption of the new lease guidance effective January 1, 2019, the Company determines whether an agreement represents a lease and at commencement we evaluate each lease agreement to determine whether the lease is an operating or financing lease. The Company recorded an operating lease right-of-use asset and an operating lease liability on its balance sheet. Right-of-use lease assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the lease obligation represents the Company’s commitment to make the lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use lease asset includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and excludes any lease incentives. The lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, subject to any changes in the lease or expectations regarding the terms. Variable lease costs such as common area costs and property taxes are expensed as incurred. For all lease agreements we combine lease and non-lease components. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair value of the assets of the acquired business. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350 “Goodwill and Other” (ASC 350), goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually at the beginning of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, tested at our sole reporting unit level. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in the business climate, significant changes in our use of the acquired assets, significant negative industry or economic trends, significant under-performance relative to operating performance indicators and significant changes in competition. The Company determined that no triggering events occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020. In 2020 and 2019, the Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization. Determining the fair value of goodwill is subjective in nature and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, use of estimates of future prices and volumes for the Company’s products, capital needs, economic trends and other factors which are inherently difficult to forecast. The Company’s annual test did not result in an impairment charge in 2020, as the estimated fair value of the reporting unit continued to exceed the carrying value by a significant enough amount such that any reasonably likely change in the assumptions used in the analysis would not cause the carrying value to exceed the estimated fair value for the reporting unit. No goodwill impairments were recorded in 2020, 2019 or 2018. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives ranging from 9 to 15 years. Any in-process research and development will be an indefinite-lived intangible asset until completion or abandonment, at which point it will be accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset or written off if abandoned. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their net book value may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, the Company compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination was made. Revenue Recognition, Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Performance Obligations: Revenue is generated primarily from the sale of the Company’s products and related services, which are primarily support and maintenance services on the Company’s systems. The Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of promised products or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for these products or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, identifies the performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or service underlying each performance obligation and recognizes as revenue when such performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue recognition typically occurs upon shipment or delivery to the customer depending upon the shipping terms. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the good as a fulfillment cost. Our customers do not typically have any contractual rights of return outside of our warranty provisions. The Company has allowed few returns to date and believes that returns of its products will be minimal in the future. Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including minimum payments, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of: (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation, to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated, has been satisfied. Royalty payments are typically received when our strategic partners report the end-user sales to the Company. Reagent Rentals: The Company provides systems and certain other hardware to customers through reagent rental agreements, under which the customers commit to purchasing minimum quantities of assays at a stated price over a defined contract term, which is normally two to three years. Instead of rental payments, the Company recovers the cost of providing the system and other hardware in the amount charged for assays. Revenue is recognized over the defined contract term as assays are shipped. The depreciation costs associated with the system and other hardware are charged to cost of sales on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the system. The costs to maintain these instruments in the field are charged to cost of sales as incurred. Under the guidance, the Company reclassified the portion of reagent rental revenue associated with the recovery of the cost of providing the system and other hardware in reagent rental agreements from assay revenue to system revenue. Warranties: The Company provides a limited, assurance-type warranty, typically for twelve months from installation for the systems sold to end customers and fifteen months for the systems sold to partners. The Company accrues for the estimated cost of initial product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. While the Company believes that adequate reserve has been made in the consolidated financial statements for product warranties, should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Warranty expenses are evaluated and adjusted periodically. License Revenues: The Company enters into out-licensing agreements, under which it licenses certain rights to its technology to third parties. These licenses are typically not distinct, as the customer cannot benefit from the license on its own, and do not have significant standalone functionality, but represent single performance obligations together with the sales of our consumables, systems and assays. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to the Company of non-refundable, up-front license fees and can extend up to twenty years. Each of these payments results in license revenues which are recognized ratably over time and are included in other revenues, except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. Deferred revenues related to these out-licensing agreements are shown in contract liabilities in Note 18, “Revenue Recognition”. Service Agreements: Revenue from extended service agreements is deferred when payment is received in advance of the performance obligation being satisfied or completed. Luminex provides an integrated service of maintenance and related activities for equipment sold to customers, where the nature of the overall promise is to provide a stand-ready service. As such, the performance obligation is recognized as a series of distinct service periods and the service revenue is recognized ratably over the term of each agreement. The extended service agreements typically range from one to four years and payment is typically received up-front. Reserves for Variable Consideration : Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from discounts and any other allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers relating to the Company’s sales of its products. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual requirements, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of each contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period when such variances become known. Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: We recognize receivables when we have an unconditional right to payment, which represents the amount we expect to collect in a transaction and is most often equal to the transaction price in the contract. The Company adopted the new credit loss standard effective January 1, 2020. The primary impact for the Company was the timing of recording expected credit losses on its trade receivables. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon its expected credit losses, which is based upon its historical loss experience. Management prepared an analysis of partner versus non-partner credit loss experience and noted that its loss experience between partners and non-partners was very comparable. These receivables have been pooled together, as similar risk characteristics exist between them. On the rare occasion that interest is charged on trade receivables, it is recognized when received and there are no related fees and costs. Receivable balances are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible. The Company's credit losses have historically been within the Company’s expectations, but there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to experience the same level of credit losses that it has in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of the Company’s significant customers, or a deterioration in the economic environment in general, could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of the Company’s accounts receivable and its future operating results, including a reduction in future revenues and additional allowances for doubtful accounts. Product-Related Expenses The Company provides for the estimated cost of initial product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Shipping and handling costs associated with product sales are included in cost of sales. Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company does not have any direct-response advertising. Advertising expenses, which include trade shows and conventions, were approximately $1.4 million, $3.5 million and $2.8 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and were included in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments for research and development activities for materials, equipment, facilities and purchased intangible assets that have an alternative future use are deferred and capitalized. In addition, the Company capitalizes certain internally developed products used for evaluation during development projects that also have alternative future uses. These internally developed assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the assets, which range from one to five years. Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” The reporting currency for the Company is the U.S. dollar. With the exception of its Canadian subsidiary, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, the functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Before translation, the Company re-measures foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, including inter-company accounts receivable and payable, into the functional currency of the respective entity, resulting in unrealized gains or losses recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the respective period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and to date have not been material. Incentive Compensation Management incentive plans are tied to various financial and non-financial performance metrics. Bonus accruals made throughout the year related to the various incentive plans are based on management’s best estimate of the achievement of the specific metrics. Adjustments to the accruals are made on a quarterly basis as forecasts of performance are updated. At year-end, the accruals are adjusted to reflect the actual results achieved. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws, which will be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period of the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that those assets will be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. These provisions require recognition of the impact of a tax position in the Company’s financial statements only if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be reflected as a component of income tax expense. Earnings Per Share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares from outstanding stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and contingently issuable shares resulting from an award subject to performance or market conditions determined by applying the treasury stock method. In periods with a net loss, potentially dilutive securities composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants, and common shares issuable on conversion of preferred stock, would be excluded from historical diluted loss per share because of their anti-dilutive effect. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of ASC 718 “Stock Compensation” (ASC 718). ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options, restricted stock units and shares issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. Pursuant to ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. |
Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block] | Description of Business Luminex Corporation, the “Company” or “Luminex,” develops, manufactures and sells proprietary biological testing technologies and products with applications throughout the life sciences industries, including diagnostics, pharmaceutical and research. These industries depend on a broad range of tests, called assays, to perform diagnostic testing and conduct life science research. The Company established a position in several segments of the life sciences industries by developing and delivering products that satisfy a variety of customer needs in specific market segments, including multiplexing, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, reduction of labor and ability to test for proteins and nucleic acids. These needs are addressed by the Company’s proprietary technologies. Multiplexing, the foundation of the Company, allows the end user in a laboratory to generate multiple laboratory results from a single sample with a single assay. This is important because the Company’s end user customers, which include laboratory professionals performing discovery and research and clinical laboratories performing tests on patients as ordered by physicians and other laboratories, have a fundamental need to perform high quality testing as efficiently as possible. Until the availability of multiplexing technology, the laboratory professional had to perform one assay at a time in a sequential manner, and if additional testing was required on a sample, a second assay would be performed to generate the second result, and so on until all the necessary tests were performed. The Company primarily serves the life sciences industries by marketing products, including our specific testing equipment and assays, to various types of testing laboratories. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 82 strategic partners, 54 of which have released commercialized reagent-based products utilizing the Company’s technology. Luminex and these partners have sold approximately 17,900 xMAP-based instruments in laboratories worldwide as of December 31, 2020, some of which may be retired or otherwise not in use. The Company’s remaining partners are in various stages of development and commercialization of products incorporating the Company’s technology. |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. |
Estimates and Assumptions | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts and results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the financial statements. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. |
Investments | Investments The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair values of financial instruments are determined by obtaining non-binding market prices from the Company’s third-party portfolio managers on the last day of the quarter, whose sources may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly in determining fair value. The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, equity-method investments, long-term investments, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The fair values of these financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying or contract values at December 31, 2020 and 2019. See Note 6 for further details concerning fair value measurements. |
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of short-term and long-term investments and trade receivables. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a number of its customers geographically dispersed primarily throughout the U.S. The Company attempts to limit its credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintaining adequate allowances for potential credit losses, but the Company does not require collateral. |
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Inventories Inventories, consisting primarily of raw materials and purchased components, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined according to the standard cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. As a developer and manufacturer of high technology medical equipment, the Company may be exposed to a number of economic and industry factors that could result in portions of inventory becoming either obsolete or in excess of anticipated usage. These factors include, but are not limited to, technological changes in the Company’s markets, ability to meet changing customer requirements, competitive pressures on products and prices, and reliability and replacement of and the availability of key components from suppliers. The Company’s policy is to establish inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest that inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon the Company’s assumptions about future demand for products and market conditions. The Company regularly evaluates the ability to realize the value of inventory based on a combination of factors including the following: historical usage rates, forecasted sales or usage, product expiration or end of life dates, estimated current and future market values and new product introductions. Assumptions used in determining the Company’s estimates of future product demand may prove to be incorrect, in which case the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory would have to be adjusted. If inventory is determined to be above the lower of cost or net realizable value, excess or obsolete, the Company would be required to record impairment charges within cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. Although considerable effort is made to ensure the accuracy of forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or expected usage could have a significant negative impact on the value of inventory and the Company’s operating results. When recorded, reserves are intended to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value. |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated amounts for amortization and depreciation. Property and equipment are typically amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets, which typically range from two to seven years. Leasehold improvements and equipment under capital leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvements and equipment. The Company classifies the carrying value of Luminex’s xMAP, ARIES and VERIGENE Systems placed within the reagent rental program and the instruments on loan to customers in property and equipment as “Assets on loan/rental.” Leases |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair value of the assets of the acquired business. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350 “Goodwill and Other” (ASC 350), goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually at the beginning of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, tested at our sole reporting unit level. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in the business climate, significant changes in our use of the acquired assets, significant negative industry or economic trends, significant under-performance relative to operating performance indicators and significant changes in competition. The Company determined that no triggering events occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020. In 2020 and 2019, the Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization. Determining the fair value of goodwill is subjective in nature and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, use of estimates of future prices and volumes for the Company’s products, capital needs, economic trends and other factors which are inherently difficult to forecast. The Company’s annual test did not result in an impairment charge in 2020, as the estimated fair value of the reporting unit continued to exceed the carrying value by a significant enough amount such that any reasonably likely change in the assumptions used in the analysis would not cause the carrying value to exceed the estimated fair value for the reporting unit. No goodwill impairments were recorded in 2020, 2019 or 2018. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives ranging from 9 to 15 years. Any in-process research and development will be an indefinite-lived intangible asset until completion or abandonment, at which point it will be accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset or written off if abandoned. |
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their net book value may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, the Company compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination was made. |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Performance Obligations: Revenue is generated primarily from the sale of the Company’s products and related services, which are primarily support and maintenance services on the Company’s systems. The Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of promised products or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for these products or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, identifies the performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or service underlying each performance obligation and recognizes as revenue when such performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue recognition typically occurs upon shipment or delivery to the customer depending upon the shipping terms. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the good as a fulfillment cost. Our customers do not typically have any contractual rights of return outside of our warranty provisions. The Company has allowed few returns to date and believes that returns of its products will be minimal in the future. Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including minimum payments, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of: (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation, to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated, has been satisfied. Royalty payments are typically received when our strategic partners report the end-user sales to the Company. Reagent Rentals: The Company provides systems and certain other hardware to customers through reagent rental agreements, under which the customers commit to purchasing minimum quantities of assays at a stated price over a defined contract term, which is normally two to three years. Instead of rental payments, the Company recovers the cost of providing the system and other hardware in the amount charged for assays. Revenue is recognized over the defined contract term as assays are shipped. The depreciation costs associated with the system and other hardware are charged to cost of sales on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the system. The costs to maintain these instruments in the field are charged to cost of sales as incurred. Under the guidance, the Company reclassified the portion of reagent rental revenue associated with the recovery of the cost of providing the system and other hardware in reagent rental agreements from assay revenue to system revenue. Warranties: The Company provides a limited, assurance-type warranty, typically for twelve months from installation for the systems sold to end customers and fifteen months for the systems sold to partners. The Company accrues for the estimated cost of initial product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. While the Company believes that adequate reserve has been made in the consolidated financial statements for product warranties, should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Warranty expenses are evaluated and adjusted periodically. License Revenues: The Company enters into out-licensing agreements, under which it licenses certain rights to its technology to third parties. These licenses are typically not distinct, as the customer cannot benefit from the license on its own, and do not have significant standalone functionality, but represent single performance obligations together with the sales of our consumables, systems and assays. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to the Company of non-refundable, up-front license fees and can extend up to twenty years. Each of these payments results in license revenues which are recognized ratably over time and are included in other revenues, except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. Deferred revenues related to these out-licensing agreements are shown in contract liabilities in Note 18, “Revenue Recognition”. Service Agreements: Revenue from extended service agreements is deferred when payment is received in advance of the performance obligation being satisfied or completed. Luminex provides an integrated service of maintenance and related activities for equipment sold to customers, where the nature of the overall promise is to provide a stand-ready service. As such, the performance obligation is recognized as a series of distinct service periods and the service revenue is recognized ratably over the term of each agreement. The extended service agreements typically range from one to four years and payment is typically received up-front. Reserves for Variable Consideration : Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from discounts and any other allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers relating to the Company’s sales of its products. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual requirements, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of each contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period when such variances become known. |
Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: We recognize receivables when we have an unconditional right to payment, which represents the amount we expect to collect in a transaction and is most often equal to the transaction price in the contract. The Company adopted the new credit loss standard effective January 1, 2020. The primary impact for the Company was the timing of recording expected credit losses on its trade receivables. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon its expected credit losses, which is based upon its historical loss experience. Management prepared an analysis of partner versus non-partner credit loss experience and noted that its loss experience between partners and non-partners was very comparable. These receivables have been pooled together, as similar risk characteristics exist between them. On the rare occasion that interest is charged on trade receivables, it is recognized when received and there are no related fees and costs. Receivable balances are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible. The Company's credit losses have historically been within the Company’s expectations, but there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to experience the same level of credit losses that it has in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of the Company’s significant customers, or a deterioration in the economic environment in general, could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of the Company’s accounts receivable and its future operating results, including a reduction in future revenues and additional allowances for doubtful accounts. |
Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Product-Related Expenses The Company provides for the estimated cost of initial product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Shipping and handling costs associated with product sales are included in cost of sales. Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company does not have any direct-response advertising. Advertising expenses, which include trade shows and conventions, were approximately $1.4 million, $3.5 million and $2.8 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and were included in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. |
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments for research and development activities for materials, equipment, facilities and purchased intangible assets that have an alternative future use are deferred and capitalized. In addition, the Company capitalizes certain internally developed products used for evaluation during development projects that also have alternative future uses. These internally developed assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the assets, which range from one to five years. |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block] | Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” The reporting currency for the Company is the U.S. dollar. With the exception of its Canadian subsidiary, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, the functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Before translation, the Company re-measures foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, including inter-company accounts receivable and payable, into the functional currency of the respective entity, resulting in unrealized gains or losses recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates during the respective period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and to date have not been material. |
Compensation Related Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Incentive Compensation Management incentive plans are tied to various financial and non-financial performance metrics. Bonus accruals made throughout the year related to the various incentive plans are based on management’s best estimate of the achievement of the specific metrics. Adjustments to the accruals are made on a quarterly basis as forecasts of performance are updated. At year-end, the accruals are adjusted to reflect the actual results achieved. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws, which will be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period of the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that those assets will be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. These provisions require recognition of the impact of a tax position in the Company’s financial statements only if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be reflected as a component of income tax expense. |
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares from outstanding stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and contingently issuable shares resulting from an award subject to performance or market conditions determined by applying the treasury stock method. In periods with a net loss, potentially dilutive securities composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants, and common shares issuable on conversion of preferred stock, would be excluded from historical diluted loss per share because of their anti-dilutive effect. |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of ASC 718 “Stock Compensation” (ASC 718). ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options, restricted stock units and shares issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. Pursuant to ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. |