| Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies . We conduct and plan to continue to conduct our activities in such a manner as not to be deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “'40 Act”). Therefore, no more than 40% of our total assets can be invested in investment securities, as such term is defined in the '40 Act. In addition, we do not invest or intend to invest in securities as our primary business. We intend to structure our investments to continue to be taxed as a partnership rather than as a corporation under the applicable publicly traded partnership rules of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended. Events beyond our control, including significant appreciation or depreciation in the market value of certain of our publicly traded holdings or adverse developments with respect to our ownership of certain of our subsidiaries, could result in our inadvertently becoming an investment company that is required to register under the ’40 Act. Our recent sales of Federal-Mogul and Tropicana did not result in our being considered an investment company. However, additional transactions involving the sale of certain assets could result in our being considered an investment company. Following such events or transactions, an exemption under the '40 Act would provide us up to one year to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company. We expect to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company, but no assurance can be made that we will successfully be able to take the steps necessary to avoid becoming classified as an investment company. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) related to interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The financial information contained herein is unaudited; however, management believes all adjustments have been made that are necessary to present fairly the results for the interim periods. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Principles of Consolidation As of September 30, 2018 , our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings and (ii) the wholly and majority owned subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings, in addition to variable interest entities ("VIEs") in which we are the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether we have a controlling financial interest in entities that we consolidate, we consider the following: (1) for voting interest entities, including limited partnerships and similar entities that are not VIEs, we consolidate these entities in which we own a majority of the voting interests; and (2) for VIEs, we consolidate these entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. See below for a discussion of our VIEs. Kick-out rights, which are the rights underlying the limited partners' ability to dissolve the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partners, held through voting interests of partnerships and similar entities that are not VIEs are considered the equivalent of the equity interests of corporations that are not VIEs. Except for our Investment segment, for equity investments in which we own 50% or less but greater than 20%, we generally account for such investments using the equity method. All other equity investments are accounted for at fair value. Discontinued Operations and Held For Sale In April 2018, we announced separate definitive agreements to sell Federal-Mogul and Tropicana, each of which are considered separate disposal groups. Each transaction met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations in the second quarter of 2018. As a result, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the assets and liabilities of each disposal group have been reclassified to held for sale and their respective results of operations have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented. Each disposal group is reported at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Reclassifications In connection with our adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash , as discussed below, our net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was increased by $195 million . In connection with our adoption of FASB ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost , as discussed below, we decreased our selling, general and administrative costs by $1 million and decreased other income, net by $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we decreased our selling, general and administrative costs by $3 million and decreased other income, net by $3 million . In addition, certain other reclassifications from the prior year presentation have been made to conform to the current year presentation, which did not have an impact on previously reported net income and equity and are not deemed material. Consolidated Variable Interest Entities Icahn Enterprises Holdings We determined that Icahn Enterprises Holdings is a VIE because it lacks both substantive kick-out and participating rights. Icahn Enterprises is the primary beneficiary of Icahn Enterprises Holdings principally based on its 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings and therefore continues to consolidate Icahn Enterprises Holdings. The condensed consolidated financial statements of Icahn Enterprises Holdings are included in this Report. The balances with respect to Icahn Enterprises Holdings' consolidated VIEs are discussed below, comprising the Investment Funds, CVR Refining, CVR Partners and Viskase. Investment We determined that each of the Investment Funds are considered VIEs because these limited partnerships lack both substantive kick-out and participating rights. Because we have a general partner interest in each of the Investment Funds and have significant limited partner interests in each of the Investment Funds, coupled with our significant exposure to losses and benefits in each of the Investment Funds, we are the primary beneficiary of each of the Investment Funds and therefore continue to consolidate each of the Investment Funds. Energy CVR Refining and CVR Partners are each considered VIEs because each of these limited partnerships lack both substantive kick-out and participating rights. In addition, CVR Energy also concluded that, based upon its general partner's roles and rights in CVR Refining and CVR Partners as afforded by their respective partnership agreements, coupled with its exposure to losses and benefits in each of CVR Refining and CVR Partners through its significant limited partner interests, intercompany credit facilities and services agreements, it is the primary beneficiary of both CVR Refining and CVR Partners. Based upon this evaluation, CVR Energy continues to consolidate both CVR Refining and CVR Partners. Food Packaging Viskase holds a variable interest in a joint venture for which Viskase is the primary beneficiary. Viskase's interest in the joint venture includes a 50% equity interest and also relates to the sales, operations, administrative and financial support to the joint venture through providing many of the assets used in its business. The following table includes balances of assets and liabilities of VIE's included in Icahn Enterprises Holdings' condensed consolidated balance sheets. September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in millions) Cash and cash equivalents $ 460 $ 223 Cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash 637 734 Investments 8,794 9,615 Due from brokers 338 506 Property, plant and equipment, net 3,034 3,191 Inventories, net 427 385 Intangible assets, net 283 298 Other assets 381 226 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,656 1,816 Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value 625 1,023 Due to brokers 243 1,057 Debt 1,168 1,166 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from brokers, a ccounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and due to brokers are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature. See Note 4 , “ Investments and Related Matters ,” and Note 5 , “ Fair Value Measurements ,” for a detailed discussion of our investments and other non-financial assets and/or liabilities . The fair value of our long-term debt is based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to us for debt of the same remaining maturities. The carrying value and estimated fair value of our long-term debt as of September 30, 2018 was approximately $7.9 billion and $8.1 billion , respectively. The carrying value and estimated fair value of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $7.9 billion and $8.2 billion , respectively. Cash Flow Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is comprised of (i) cash and cash equivalents and (ii) cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash. Cash Held at Consolidated Affiliated Partnerships and Restricted Cash Our cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships balance was $64 million and $192 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. C ash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships relates to our Investment segment and consists of cash and cash equivalents held by the Investment Funds that, although not legally restricted, is not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Investment segment or Icahn Enterprises. Our restricted cash balance was $737 million and $574 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Restricted cash primarily relates to our Investment segment's cash pledged and held for margin requirements on derivative transactions. Revenue From Contracts With Customers and Contract Balances As discussed below, on January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . Due to the nature of our business, we derive revenue from various sources in various industries. Investment segment and Holding Company revenues are not in scope of FASB ASC Topic 606. Railcar leasing and Real Estate leasing revenues are also not in scope of FASB ASC Topic 606. The following is a summary of our revenue recognition that is in scope of FASB ASC Topic 606 for certain of our reporting segments. In addition, we present disaggregated revenue information in Note 11 , " Segment Reporting ." Automotive Revenue: Our Automotive segment recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Our Automotive segment revenue from retail and commercial sales is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Automotive service revenues are recognized on completion of the service and consist of products and the labor charged for installing products or maintaining or repairing vehicles. Automotive services labor revenues are included in other revenues from operations in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, however, the sale of any installed parts or materials related to automotive services are included in net sales. Our Automotive segment recognizes revenues from extended warranties offered to its customers on tires its sells, including lifetime warranties for road hazard assistance (recognized over 3 years) and 1-year, 3-year and lifetime plans for alignments (recognized over 1 year, 3 years and 5 years, respectively), for which it receives payment upfront. Revenues from extended warranties are recognized over the term of the warranty contract with the satisfaction of its performance obligations measured using the output method. Our Automotive segment recognizes revenues from franchise fees, which it receives payment upfront, and franchise royalties, for which it receives payment over time. Revenues from upfront franchise fees are recognized at the time the store opens, as that is when our Automotive segment's performance obligations are deemed complete, and revenues from franchise royalties are recognized in the period in which royalties are earned, generally based on a percentage of franchise sales. Contract balances: Our Automotive segment has deferred revenue with respect to extended warranty plans of $42 million and $42 million as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our Automotive segment recorded revenue of $5 million and $18 million , respectively, with respect to deferred revenue outstanding as of January 1, 2018. For deferred revenue outstanding as of September 30, 2018 , our Automotive segment expects to recognize approximately $36 million in 2019 and thereafter. Energy Revenue: Our Energy segment revenues from the sale of petroleum products are recorded upon delivery of the products to customers, which is the point at which title is transferred and the customer has assumed the risk of loss. This generally takes place as product passes into the pipeline, as a product transfer order occurs within a pipeline system, or as product enters equipment or locations supplied or designated by the customer. For our Energy segment's nitrogen fertilizer products sold, revenues are recorded at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. Nitrogen fertilizer products are sold on a wholesale basis under a contract or by purchase order. Excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities by our Energy segment are not included in reported revenues. Many of the petroleum business' contracts have index-based pricing which is considered variable consideration that should be estimated in determining the transaction price. Our Energy segment determined that it does not need to estimate the variable consideration because the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved on the pricing date or the date when the product is delivered. The nitrogen fertilizer business has an immaterial amount of variable consideration for contracts with an original duration of less than a year. A small portion of the nitrogen fertilizer partnership's revenue includes contracts extending beyond one year and contain variable pricing in which the majority of the variability is attributed to the market-based pricing. The nitrogen fertilizer business' contracts do not contain a significant financing component. As of September 30, 2018 , our Energy segment had $12 million of remaining performance obligations for contracts within an original expected duration of more than one year. Our Energy segment expects to recognize approximately $6 million of these performance obligations as revenue by the end of 2019, approximately $3 million in 2020 and the remaining balance thereafter. Contract balances: Our Energy segment's deferred revenue is a contract liability that primarily relates to fertilizer sales contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to product delivery to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer. Deferred revenue is recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional prior to transferring product to the customer. An associated receivable is recorded for uncollected prepaid contract amounts. Contracts requiring prepayment are generally short-term in nature and, as discussed above, revenue is recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product. Our Energy segment had deferred revenue of $32 million and $34 million as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively, which is included in accrued expense and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , our Energy segment recorded revenue of $2 million and $34 million , respectively, with respect to deferred revenue outstanding as of January 1, 2018. Railcar Revenue: Revenues from manufactured railcar sales are recognized following completion of manufacturing, inspection, customer acceptance and title transfer, which is when the risk for any damage or loss with respect to the railcars passes to the customer, in accordance with our Railcar segment's contractual terms. Revenues from railcar and industrial components are recorded at the time of product shipment, in accordance with our Railcar segment's contractual terms. Revenues from railcar maintenance services are recognized upon completion and shipment of railcars from our Railcar segment's plants. Our Railcar segment does not currently bundle railcar service contracts with new railcar sales. Revenues from engineering and field services are recognized as performed. As of September 30, 2018 , our Railcar segment had $963 million of remaining performance obligations for contractual commitments from customers for which work is partially completed. Our Railcar segment expects to recognize approximately $184 million of these performance obligations as revenue during the next twelve months and an additional $779 million thereafter. Contract balances: ARI bills its customers once services have been rendered or products have been delivered and ARI has an unconditional right to consideration as only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. The contract assets that ARI maintains are related to unbilled revenues recognized on repair services that have been performed but the entire project has not yet been completed, and the railcar has not yet been shipped to the customer. Contract liabilities represent deferred revenue related to railcar manufacturing and repair services. Our Railcar segment had unbilled revenue of $7 million and $4 million as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively, which is included in accounts receivable, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our Railcar segment had deferred revenue of $2 million and $2 million as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively, which is included in accrued expense and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Adoption of New Accounting Standards Revenue Accounting Standards Updates In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, creating a new topic, FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , superseding revenue recognition requirements in FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition . This ASU requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, an entity is required to disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. This ASU was amended by ASU No. 2015-14, issued in August 2015, which deferred the original effective date by one year; the effective date of this ASU is for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, using one of two retrospective application methods. In addition, the FASB issued other amendments during 2016 and 2017 to FASB ASC Topic 606 that include implementation guidance to principal versus agent considerations, guidance to identifying performance obligations and licensing guidance and other narrow scope improvements. We adopted these new standards on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method which required a cumulative effect adjustment recognized in equity at such date. The standard has been applied to all contracts at the date of initial application. No adjustment to revenue for periods prior to adoption were required. We have not identified any material differences in our revenue recognition methods that required modification under the new standards. Additionally, our internal control framework did not materially change as a result of the adoption of these new standards. The impact of adopting these new standards on our condensed consolidated financial statements is a cumulative effect adjustment to decrease our equity attributable to Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of January 1, 2018 by $29 million , primarily relating to our Automotive segment. As of January 1, 2018, our Automotive segment increased accrued expenses and other liabilities by $42 million and decreased deferred tax liabilities by $10 million for certain extended warranties to reflect the revenues from these plans as deferred revenue. Previously, revenues from these plans were recognized upfront. Our Automotive segment also recognizes revenue from the sale of goods on a drop ship basis. Previously, revenues from these transactions were recognized gross. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 , net sales and costs of goods sold would have been higher by $15 million and $15 million , respectively, under prior accounting principles and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , net sales and cost of goods sold would have been higher by $47 million and $47 million , respectively. As of January 1, 2018, our Energy segment increased each of accounts receivable, net and accrued expenses and other liabilities by $21 million for customer prepayments prior to delivery and to gross up certain fees collected from customers to reflect a receivable and deferred revenue recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional. Previously, deferred revenue was recorded by our Energy segment upon customer prepayment. In addition to the above, we increased assets by an aggregate of $32 million and increased liabilities by $29 million as of January 1, 2018, primarily with respect to Federal-Mogul's asset and liabilities classified as held for sale. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the impact on revenues would have been immaterial under prior accounting principles. Other Accounting Standards Updates In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall , which amends FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments . This ASU requires that equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in the consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes recognized in earnings. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment. In addition, there were other amendments to certain disclosure and presentation matters pertaining to financial instruments, including the requirement of an entity to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this new standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method which required a cumulative effect adjustment recognized in equity at such date. The amendments related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values were applied prospectively to equity investments that existed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payment s, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. This ASU seeks to reduce the diversity currently in practice by providing guidance on the presentation of eight specific cash flow issues in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective application method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash , which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows . This ASU requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective application method. The impact of adopting this new standard is discussed above under "Reclassifications." In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost , which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, Compensation - Retirement Benefits . This ASU requires entities to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item or items in the financial statements as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective application method. The impact of adopting this new standard is discussed above under "Reclassifications." In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting , which amends FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation . This ASU provides updated guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 which has been applied prospectively and which did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases . This ASU requires the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. In addition, among other changes to the accounting for leases, this ASU retains the distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous guidance. Furthermore, quantification and qualitative disclosures, including disclosures regarding significant judgments made by management, will be required. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early application is permitted. In addition, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), which provides an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. We anticipate adopting the new leases standard using the new transition method option effective January 1, 2019, which will require adopting the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of equity in the period of adoption instead of the earliest period presented. In addition, prior period presentation and disclosure will not be adjusted. We believe the most significant impact will relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for long-term operating leases with the significant majority of the impact within our Automotive segment. We anticipate our assessment and implementation plan to be ongoing during the remainder of 2018 and continue to evaluate the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which amends FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount to be collected and broadens the information, including forecasted information incorporating more timely information, that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeting Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities , which amends FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging . This ASU includes amendments to existing guidance to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income , which amends FASB ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income . This ASU allows a reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity for standard tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and consequently, eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements , which amends FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements . This ASU eliminates, modifies and adds various disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain disclosures are required to be applied using a retrospective approach and others using a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract , whi |
