Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 6: Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) reflects management’s judgment of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ALL each quarter. To determine the total ALL, the Company estimates the reserves needed for each homogenous segment and class of the portfolio, plus any loans analyzed individually for impairment. Depending on the nature of each segment and class, considerations include historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, credit scores, past due history, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing local and national economic conditions, and internal policies and procedures, including credit risk management and underwriting. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as conditions change. The ALL consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component is determined by identifying impaired loans (as described below) then evaluating each one to calculate the amount of impairment. Impaired loans measured for impairment generally include (1) any loan risk rated Special Mention or worse where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy; and (2) all loans risk rated Substandard or worse with balances of $400 thousand or more; and (3) all loans classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). A specific allowance arises when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component collectively evaluates any loans not identified as impaired, which are typically smaller commercial loans, residential mortgages, and consumer loans, grouped into segments and classes. Historical loss experience is calculated and applied to each segment or class, then adjusted for qualitative factors. Qualitative factors include changes in local and national economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, interest rates, gross domestic product growth, and real estate market trends; the level of past due and nonaccrual loans; risk ratings on individual loans; strength of credit policies and procedures; loan officer experience; borrower credit scores; and other intrinsic risks related to the types and geographic locations of loans. These qualitative adjustments reflect management’s judgment of risks inherent in the segments. An unallocated component is maintained if needed to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. Changes in the allowance for loan losses and the related provision expense can materially affect net income. Loans Evaluated for Impairment The following tables show loans evaluated for impairment individually and collectively by segment as of the periods presented. Mortgage Commercial Consumer Loans and and Other March 31, 2018 on Real Estate Industrial Loans Total Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,043 $ 101 $ 141 $ 1,285 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,147 942 2,549 6,638 Purchased credit impaired loans — — — — Total allowance on loan losses $ 4,190 $ 1,043 $ 2,690 $ 7,923 Loan balances applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 9,295 $ 101 $ 141 $ 9,537 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 609,489 129,124 36,807 775,420 Purchased credit impaired loans 5,640 — 63 5,703 Total loans $ 624,424 $ 129,225 $ 37,011 $ 790,660 December 31, 2017 Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 861 $ 92 $ 141 $ 1,094 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,003 786 2,887 6,676 Purchased credit impaired loans — — — — Total allowance on loan losses $ 3,864 $ 878 $ 3,028 $ 7,770 Loan balances applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,874 $ 92 $ 141 $ 9,107 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 595,007 114,001 42,356 751,364 Purchased credit impaired loans 5,756 — 69 5,825 Total loans $ 609,637 $ 114,093 $ 42,566 $ 766,296 The following tables show an analysis of the change in the ALL by segment for the periods presented. Mortgage Commercial Loans on and Consumer Real Estate Industrial Loans Total For the three months ended March 31, 2018 Beginning Balance $ 3,864 $ 878 $ 3,028 $ 7,770 (Charge-offs) (31 ) (14 ) (343 ) (388 ) Recoveries 27 — 194 221 Provision (benefit) 330 179 (189 ) 320 Ending Balance $ 4,190 $ 1,043 $ 2,690 $ 7,923 Mortgage Commercial Loans on and Consumer Real Estate Industrial Loans Total For the three months ended March 31, 2017 Beginning Balance $ 3,318 $ 493 $ 52 $ 3,863 (Charge-offs) (132 ) — (8 ) (140 ) Recoveries 78 — 2 80 Provision (benefit) 157 35 (2 ) 190 Ending Balance $ 3,421 $ 528 $ 44 $ 3,993 Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans The following table presents the changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the period presented. Three months ended Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 1,087 Accretion of acquisition accounting adjustment (85 ) Reclassifications from nonaccretable balance, net — Other changes, net — Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 1,002 Internal Risk Rating Grades The Company’s loan portfolio, with the exception of pooled consumer loans, is risk graded using loan risk grading software that employs a variety of algorithms based on detailed account characteristics to include borrower’s payment history on a total relationship basis as well as loan to value exposure. For non-homogenous loans, With the exception of purchased consumer loan pools, all loans are risk rated using loan risk grading software that employs a variety of algorithms based on detailed account characteristics, which include a borrower’s payment history on a total relationship basis, as well as loan to value exposure. For non-homogeneous Risk rating categories are as follows: Pass Watch Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss The tables below show the risk ranking of loans as of the periods presented. March 31, 2018 Construction, Farmland Residential Residential Commercial (Non-Owner Commercial Commercial Consumer Total Grade: Pass $ 62,812 $ 800 $ 263,932 $ 42,581 $ 143,118 $ 67,724 $ 125,493 $ 11,208 $ 717,668 Watch 6,991 — 8,807 1,393 5,445 9,113 2,385 25,457 59,591 Special mention — — 923 — — 112 1,246 141 2,422 Substandard 3,057 — 3,380 1,402 643 2,191 101 205 10,979 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 72,860 $ 800 $ 277,042 $ 45,376 $ 149,206 $ 79,140 $ 129,225 $ 37,011 $ 790,660 December 31, 2017 Construction, Farmland Residential Residential Commercial (Non-Owner Commercial Commercial Consumer Total Grade: Pass $ 55,949 $ 923 $ 256,614 $ 43,659 $ 140,625 $ 67,732 $ 110,281 $ 12,431 $ 688,214 Watch 6,690 — 8,624 1,376 5,931 10,076 2,373 29,917 64,987 Special mention 172 — 205 — — — 1,347 — 1,724 Substandard 3,231 — 3,922 1,463 201 2,244 92 218 11,371 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 66,042 $ 923 $ 269,365 $ 46,498 $ 146,757 $ 80,052 $ 114,093 $ 42,566 $ 766,296 Impaired Loans The following tables show the Company’s recorded investment and the borrowers’ unpaid principal balances for impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, with the associated ALL amount, if applicable, as of the periods presented. As of March 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Recorded Borrowers’ Unpaid Related Recorded Borrowers’ Unpaid Related With no related allowance: Construction, Land and Land Development $ 726 $ 1,275 $ — $ 900 $ 1,378 $ — Residential First Mortgages 1,533 1,533 — 1,488 1,488 — Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 414 414 — 414 414 — Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — — — — — Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 1,778 2,028 — 1,721 1,971 — Commercial and Industrial — — — — — — Consumer-Other — — — — — — Total impaired loans with no related allowance 4,451 5,250 — 4,523 5,251 — With an allowance recorded: Construction, Land and Land Development 526 526 189 550 621 137 Residential First Mortgages 2,402 2,404 498 1,914 1,914 367 Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 1,374 1,374 222 1,340 1,340 162 Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — — — — — Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 542 542 134 547 586 195 Commercial and Industrial 101 101 101 92 92 92 Consumer-Other 141 141 141 141 141 141 Total impaired loans with allowance recorded 5,086 5,088 1,285 4,584 4,694 1,094 Total Impaired Loans: Construction, Land and Land Development 1,252 1,801 189 1,450 1,999 137 Residential First Mortgages 3,935 3,937 498 3,402 3,402 367 Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 1,788 1,788 222 1,754 1,754 162 Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — — — — — Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 2,320 2,570 134 2,268 2,557 195 Commercial and Industrial 101 101 101 92 92 92 Consumer-Other 141 141 141 141 141 141 Total Impaired Loans $ 9,537 $ 10,338 $ 1,285 $ 9,107 $ 9,945 $ 1,094 The following table shows the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, for the periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance: Construction, land and land development $ 851 $ 1 $ 1,493 $ 13 Residential First Mortgages 1,510 17 2,108 5 Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 414 1 995 10 Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — 248 4 Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 1,777 7 2,159 5 Commercial and Industrial — — — — Consumer - Other — 1 — — Total impaired loans with no allowance 4,552 27 7,003 37 With an allowance recorded: Construction, land and land development 500 5 241 1 Residential First Mortgages 2,159 10 1,946 24 Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 1,357 3 527 5 Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — — — Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 544 6 406 — Commercial and Industrial 97 — 92 — Total impaired loans with allowance recorded 4,657 24 3,212 30 Total Impaired Loans: Construction, land and land development 1,351 6 1,734 14 Residential First Mortgages 3,669 27 4,054 29 Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages 1,771 4 1,522 15 Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner — — 248 4 Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied) 2,321 13 2,565 5 Commercial and Industrial 97 1 92 — Total impaired loans $ 9,209 $ 51 $ 10,215 $ 67 The following table presents a reconciliation of nonaccrual loans to impaired loans as of the periods presented. March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Nonaccrual loans $ 6,892 $ 6,496 Nonaccrual loans not individually evaluated for impairment (1,673 ) (854 ) Nonaccrual impaired loans 5,219 5,642 TDRs on accrual 2,955 2,214 Other impaired loans on accrual 1,363 1,251 Total impaired loans $ 9,537 $ 9,107 Troubled Debt Restructuring In some situations, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management may grant a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal or an extension of the maturity date at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risks, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. Management measures all TDRs for impairment as noted below for impaired loans. Loans modified as TDRs are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment for the ALL. The following table presents, by segment, information related to loans modified as TDRs. For the three months ended For the three months ended March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Loans Investment Investment Residential first mortgages (1) 3 $ 560 $ 562 — $ — $ — (1) Modifications were an extension of the loan terms. No loans designated as TDRs subsequently defaulted in the first three months 2018 or 2017. The following table presents a rollforward of accruing and nonaccruing TDRs for the period presented. Accruing Nonaccruing Total Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 2,214 $ 1,850 $ 4,064 Charge-offs — — — Payments and other adjustments (15 ) 124 109 New TDR designation 562 — 562 Release TDR designation — — — Transfer — — — Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 2,761 $ 1,974 $ 4,735 |