Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 5: Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) reflects management’s estimate of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ALL each quarter-end. To determine the total ALL, the Company estimates the reserves needed for each homogenous type of the loan portfolio, in addition to loans analyzed individually for impairment. Depending on the nature of each loan type, considerations include historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, credit scores, past due history, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing local and national economic conditions, and internal policies and procedures including credit risk management and underwriting. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as conditions change. The ALL consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component is determined by identifying impaired loans (as described below) then evaluating each one individually to calculate the amount of impairment. Impaired loans measured individually for impairment generally include (1) any loan risk rated Special Mention or worse where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy; (2) all loans risk rated Substandard or worse with balances of $400 thousand or more; and (3) all loans classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). For the general component of the ALL, the Company collectively evaluates any loans not evaluated individually for a specific reserve, including impaired loans risk rated Substandard or worse with balances less than $400 thousand. All loans evaluated collectively are grouped into types, and historical loss experience is calculated and applied to each loan type and the resultant reserve is adjusted for qualitative factors. Qualitative factors include changes in local and national economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, interest rates, gross domestic product growth, and real estate market trends; the level of past due and nonaccrual loans; risk ratings on individual loans; strength of credit policies and procedures; loan officer experience; borrower credit scores; and other intrinsic risks related to the types and geographic locations of loans. These qualitative adjustments reflect management’s judgment of risks inherent in the loan types. An unallocated component is maintained, if needed, to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. Loans Evaluated for Impairment The following table presents the ALL by loans evaluated for impairment individually and collectively by loan type as of the dates stated. September 30, 2019 Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 750 $ 141 $ 116 $ 1,007 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 4,331 1,511 646 6,488 Purchased credit-impaired loans — — — — Total allowance for loan losses $ 5,081 $ 1,652 $ 762 $ 7,495 Loan balances applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 6,302 $ 2,689 $ 116 $ 9,107 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 720,103 183,592 14,312 918,007 Purchased credit-impaired loans 4,875 — 43 4,918 Total loans $ 731,280 $ 186,281 $ 14,471 $ 932,032 December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,036 $ — $ 121 $ 1,157 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,931 1,374 1,440 6,745 Purchased credit-impaired loans — — — — Total allowance for loan losses $ 4,967 $ 1,374 $ 1,561 $ 7,902 Loan balances applicable to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 7,485 $ — $ 121 $ 7,606 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 701,235 164,608 23,573 889,416 Purchased credit-impaired loans 5,277 — 46 5,323 Total loans $ 713,997 $ 164,608 $ 23,740 $ 902,345 The following tables present an analysis of the change in the ALL by loan type for the periods presented. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Beginning Balance $ 5,052 $ 1,537 $ 890 $ 7,479 Charge-offs (209 ) — (345 ) (554 ) Recoveries 24 1 50 75 Provision 214 114 167 495 Ending Balance $ 5,081 $ 1,652 $ 762 $ 7,495 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Beginning Balance $ 4,244 $ 944 $ 1,925 $ 7,113 Charge-offs (54 ) — (418 ) (472 ) Recoveries 60 — 77 137 Provision 157 186 166 509 Ending Balance $ 4,407 $ 1,130 $ 1,750 $ 7,287 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Beginning Balance $ 4,967 $ 1,374 $ 1,561 $ 7,902 Charge-offs (368 ) — (1,163 ) (1,531 ) Recoveries 67 1 185 253 Provision 415 277 179 871 Ending Balance $ 5,081 $ 1,652 $ 762 $ 7,495 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Beginning Balance $ 3,864 $ 878 $ 3,028 $ 7,770 Charge-offs (168 ) (116 ) (1,095 ) (1,379 ) Recoveries 103 1 311 415 Provision (recovery of) 608 367 (494 ) 481 Ending Balance $ 4,407 $ 1,130 $ 1,750 $ 7,287 Impaired Loans The following table presents the Company’s recorded investment and the borrowers’ unpaid principal balances for impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, with the associated ALL amount, if applicable, by loan type as of the dates stated. As of September 30, 2019 As of December 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Borrowers’ Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Investment Borrowers’ Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance: Construction, land and land development $ 324 $ 395 $ — $ 335 $ 406 $ — Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) — — — 386 386 — Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 425 425 — — — — Residential first mortgages 1,027 1,027 — — — — Residential revolving and junior mortgages — — — 1,028 1,028 — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Total impaired loans with no related allowance 1,776 1,847 — 1,749 1,820 — With an allowance recorded: Construction, land and land development 173 173 38 275 275 132 Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) 433 433 33 443 443 18 Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 1,052 1,052 53 1,069 1,069 57 Residential first mortgages 2,785 2,785 543 3,447 3,447 565 Residential revolving and junior mortgages 83 83 83 502 502 264 Commercial and industrial 2,689 2,689 141 — — — Consumer 116 116 116 121 121 121 Total impaired loans with allowance recorded 7,331 7,331 1,007 5,857 5,857 1,157 Total impaired loans: Construction, land and land development 497 568 38 610 681 132 Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) 433 433 33 829 829 18 Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 1,477 1,477 53 1,069 1,069 57 Residential first mortgages 3,812 3,812 543 3,447 3,447 565 Residential revolving and junior mortgages 83 83 83 1,530 1,530 264 Commercial and industrial 2,689 2,689 141 — — — Consumer 116 116 116 121 121 121 Total impaired loans $ 9,107 $ 9,178 $ 1,007 $ 7,606 $ 7,677 $ 1,157 The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, by loan type for the periods presented. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance: Construction, land and land development $ 326 $ 1 $ 93 $ — $ 330 $ 4 $ 147 $ 1 Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) — — — — — — — — Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 427 6 1,013 8 405 20 985 29 Residential first mortgages 1,039 14 1,472 21 1,113 43 1,282 62 Residential revolving and junior mortgages — — 416 1 — — 415 4 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Consumer — — — 3 — — — — Total impaired loans with no allowance 1,792 21 2,994 33 1,848 67 2,829 96 With an allowance recorded: Construction, land and land development 175 3 524 8 224 18 512 24 Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) 434 3 445 11 436 30 223 11 Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 1,055 14 935 13 1,061 42 945 39 Residential first mortgages 3,039 34 2,394 32 3,181 93 2,277 94 Residential revolving and junior mortgages 128 2 130 2 397 7 125 7 Commercial and industrial 1,344 30 — — 672 30 — — Consumer 118 2 — — 119 6 — 8 Total impaired loans with allowance recorded 6,293 88 4,428 66 6,090 226 4,082 183 Total impaired loans: Construction, land and land development 501 4 617 8 554 22 659 25 Commercial mortgages (non-owner occupied) 434 3 445 11 436 30 223 11 Commercial mortgages (owner occupied) 1,482 20 1,948 21 1,466 62 1,930 68 Residential first mortgages 4,078 48 3,866 53 4,294 136 3,559 156 Residential revolving and junior mortgages 128 2 546 3 397 7 540 11 Commercial and industrial 1,344 30 — — 672 30 — — Consumer 118 2 — 3 119 6 — 8 Total impaired loans $ 8,085 $ 109 $ 7,422 $ 99 $ 7,938 $ 293 $ 6,911 $ 279 The following table presents a reconciliation of nonaccrual loans to impaired loans as of the dates stated. September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Nonaccrual loans $ 7,194 $ 5,206 Nonaccrual loans collectively evaluated for impairment (1,601 ) (2,040 ) Nonaccrual impaired loans 5,593 3,166 TDRs on accrual 3,514 4,115 Other impaired loans on accrual — 325 Total impaired loans $ 9,107 $ 7,606 Troubled Debt Restructurings For economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management may grant a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. In cases where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties and are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal or an extension of the maturity date at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risks, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and may work with them to modify their loan(s) to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance, and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss to the Company and are classified as TDRs. TDRs are considered impaired loans and are individually evaluated for impairment for the ALL. The following tables present by loan type information related to loans modified as TDRs for the periods presented. For the Three Months Ended For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied) (1) — $ — $ — 1 $ 644 $ 672 Residential first mortgages (2) — $ — $ — 3 $ 628 $ 631 (1) Modification in the 2018 period was interest capitalized to principal. (2) Modifications in the 2018 period consisted of one rate reduction and two extensions of loan terms. For the Nine Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied) (1) 1 $ 48 $ 52 1 $ 644 $ 672 Residential first mortgages (2) — $ — $ — 7 $ 1,218 $ 1,222 (1) Modification in the 2019 period was an extension of the loan term and in the 2018 period was interest capitalized to principal. (2) Modifications in the 2018 period were five extensions of loan terms, a principal forbearance, and a rate reduction. No loans designated as TDRs subsequently defaulted in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 or 2018. The following table presents a roll-forward of accruing and nonaccrual TDRs for the period presented. Accruing Nonaccrual Total Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 4,115 $ 1,477 $ 5,592 Charge-offs — — — Payments and other adjustments (584 ) (122 ) (706 ) New TDR designation 52 — 52 Release TDR designation — — — Transfer (69 ) 69 — Balance as of September 30, 2019 $ 3,514 $ 1,424 $ 4,938 |